CYGB Gene (Protein Coding)

Cytoglobin

GC17M076527
GIFtS:
39
This gene encodes a globin protein found in vertebrate cells. The encoded protein is described as a hexacoordinate hemoglobin which binds ligand differently from the pentacoordinate hemoglobins involved in oxygen transport, and may be involved in protection during oxidative stress. This gene is located on chromosome 17 in the same region as a retinal gene which is mutated in pr... See more...

Aliases for CYGB Gene

Aliases for CYGB Gene

  • Cytoglobin 2 3 4 5
  • Stellate Cell Activation-Associated Protein 2 3 4
  • Histoglobin 2 3 4
  • STAP 2 3 4
  • HGB 2 3
  • CYGB 5
  • HGb 4

External Ids for CYGB Gene

Previous GeneCards Identifiers for CYGB Gene

  • GC17M074357
  • GC17M077515
  • GC17M074987
  • GC17M075120
  • GC17M072035
  • GC17M074523
  • GC17M069951

Summaries for CYGB Gene

Entrez Gene Summary for CYGB Gene

  • This gene encodes a globin protein found in vertebrate cells. The encoded protein is described as a hexacoordinate hemoglobin which binds ligand differently from the pentacoordinate hemoglobins involved in oxygen transport, and may be involved in protection during oxidative stress. This gene is located on chromosome 17 in the same region as a retinal gene which is mutated in progressive rod-cone degeneration, but in the opposite orientation. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

GeneCards Summary for CYGB Gene

CYGB (Cytoglobin) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CYGB include Retinitis Pigmentosa 36 and Cone-Rod Dystrophy 2. Among its related pathways are eNOS activation and regulation and Metabolism. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include iron ion binding and oxygen binding. An important paralog of this gene is MB.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for CYGB Gene

  • May have a protective function during conditions of oxidative stress. May be involved in intracellular oxygen storage or transfer.

Gene Wiki entry for CYGB Gene

Additional gene information for CYGB Gene

No data available for CIViC Summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for CYGB Gene

Genomics for CYGB Gene

GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs

Download GeneHancer 2017 data
Promoters and enhancers for CYGB Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication | Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)

GeneHancers around CYGB on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path

Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for CYGB

Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the CYGB gene promoter:
  • Egr-2
  • GATA-3
  • HNF-3beta
  • NF-kappaB1
  • RelA
  • Sp1
  • XBP-1
  • ZIC2

Genomic Locations for CYGB Gene

Latest Assembly
chr17:76,527,356-76,557,692
(GRCh38/hg38)
Size:
30,337 bases
Orientation:
Minus strand

Previous Assembly
chr17:74,523,438-74,533,791
(GRCh37/hg19 by Entrez Gene)
Size:
10,354 bases
Orientation:
Minus strand

chr17:74,523,438-74,547,257
(GRCh37/hg19 by Ensembl)
Size:
23,820 bases
Orientation:
Minus strand

Genomic View for CYGB Gene

Genes around CYGB on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Cytogenetic band:
CYGB Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Location for CYGB Gene
GeneLoc Logo Genomic Neighborhood • Exon Structure • Gene Density

RefSeq DNA sequence for CYGB Gene

Proteins for CYGB Gene

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  1. Antibodies for research
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  3. Assay products for research

  • Protein details for CYGB Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

    Protein Symbol:
    Q8WWM9-CYGB_HUMAN
    Recommended name:
    Cytoglobin
    Protein Accession:
    Q8WWM9
    Secondary Accessions:
    • Q541Y7
    • Q8N2X5

    Protein attributes for CYGB Gene

    Size:
    190 amino acids
    Molecular mass:
    21405 Da
    Quaternary structure:
    • Homodimer; disulfide-linked.

    Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for CYGB Gene

neXtProt entry for CYGB Gene

Protein Expression for CYGB Gene

See protein expression from ProteomicsDB, MOPED, PaxDb, and MaxQB

Post-translational modifications for CYGB Gene

  • Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus
  • Modification sites at neXtProt

Other Protein References for CYGB Gene

ENSEMBL proteins:
REFSEQ proteins:

Antibodies for research

No data available for DME Specific Peptides for CYGB Gene

Domains & Families for CYGB Gene

Gene Families for CYGB Gene

Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
  • Predicted intracellular proteins
  • Transporters

Protein Domains for CYGB Gene

InterPro:
Blocks:
  • Myoglobin signature
ProtoNet:

Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for CYGB Gene

GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
  • Stellate cell activation-associated protein (CYGB_HUMAN)

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry

Q8WWM9

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

CYGB_HUMAN :
  • Belongs to the globin family.
Family:
  • Belongs to the globin family.
genes like me logo Genes that share domains with CYGB: view

Function for CYGB Gene

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  1. Animal Models for research
  2. CRISPR products for research
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  6. Cell Lines for research

Molecular function for CYGB Gene

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
May have a protective function during conditions of oxidative stress. May be involved in intracellular oxygen storage or transfer.

Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for CYGB Gene

Gene Ontology (GO) - Molecular Function for CYGB Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0004096 catalase activity IEA --
GO:0004601 peroxidase activity IEA,ISS 11320098
GO:0005344 oxygen carrier activity IEA,NAS 11919282
GO:0005506 iron ion binding IEA --
GO:0005515 protein binding IPI 25416956
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with CYGB: view
genes like me logo Genes that share phenotypes with CYGB: view

Animal Models for CYGB Gene

MGI Knock Outs for CYGB:
  • Cygb Cygb<tm1b(EUCOMM)Wtsi>
  • Cygb Cygb<tm1Nka>

Animal Models for research

Inhibitory RNAs for research

  • Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for CYGB

No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for CYGB Gene

Localization for CYGB Gene

Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for CYGB Gene

Cytoplasm.

Subcellular locations from

COMPARTMENTS
Extracellular space Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion 0 1 2 3 4 5 Confidence
COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization image for CYGB gene
Compartment Confidence
cytosol 5
nucleus 3
plasma membrane 2
extracellular 2
cytoskeleton 2
mitochondrion 2
endoplasmic reticulum 1
endosome 1
lysosome 1

Subcellular locations from the

Human Protein Atlas (HPA)
  • Nuclear speckles (3)
  • Cytosol (2)
See all subcellular structures

Gene Ontology (GO) - Cellular Components for CYGB Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0005737 cytoplasm IEA --
GO:0005829 cytosol TAS --
GO:0043005 neuron projection IEA --
GO:0043025 neuronal cell body IEA --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with CYGB: view

Pathways & Interactions for CYGB Gene

PathCards logo

SuperPathways for CYGB Gene

genes like me logo Genes that share pathways with CYGB: view

Pathways by source for CYGB Gene

Gene Ontology (GO) - Biological Process for CYGB Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0001666 response to hypoxia IEA --
GO:0006979 response to oxidative stress IEA,ISS 11320098
GO:0010764 negative regulation of fibroblast migration IEA --
GO:0015671 oxygen transport IEA,TAS --
GO:0019395 fatty acid oxidation IEA --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with CYGB: view

No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for CYGB Gene

Drugs & Compounds for CYGB Gene

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  1. Drug products for research

(8) Drugs for CYGB Gene - From: HMDB and Novoseek

Name Status Disease Links Group Role Mechanism of Action Clinical Trials
Oxygen Approved, Vet_approved Pharma 0
heme Pharma 0

(1) Additional Compounds for CYGB Gene - From: Novoseek

Name Synonyms Role CAS Number PubChem IDs PubMed IDs
genes like me logo Genes that share compounds with CYGB: view

Transcripts for CYGB Gene

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  3. Inhibitory RNAs for research
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mRNA/cDNA for CYGB Gene

1 REFSEQ mRNAs :
7 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
5 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :

Inhibitory RNAs for research

  • Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for CYGB

Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for CYGB Gene

No ASD Table

Relevant External Links for CYGB Gene

GeneLoc Exon Structure for
CYGB

Expression for CYGB Gene

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  1. Primer products for research
  2. Gene Expression Assays for research

mRNA expression in normal human tissues from GTEx, Illumina, BioGPS, and SAGE for CYGB Gene

mRNA expression in normal human tissues for CYGB Gene
mRNA expression by BioGPS for CYGB GenemRNA expression by GTEx for CYGB Gene

mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery

mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for CYGB Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Heart - Atrial Appendage (x4.7).

Protein differential expression in normal tissues from HIPED for CYGB Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Bone marrow stromal cell (7.4) and Pancreas (6.6).

Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, MaxQB, and MOPED for CYGB Gene



Protein tissue co-expression partners for CYGB Gene

- Elite partner

Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for CYGB

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for CYGB Gene:

Hs.95120

mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for CYGB Gene:

Q8WWM9-CYGB_HUMAN
Tissue specificity: Ubiquitously expressed. Highest expression in heart, stomach, bladder and small intestine.

Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for CYGB Gene

  • Heart(4.6)
  • Nervous system(4.5)
  • Kidney(4.5)
  • Blood(2.8)
  • Muscle(2.7)
  • Liver(2.6)
  • Skin(2.4)
  • Intestine(2.3)
  • Stomach(2.2)
  • Bone marrow(2.1)
  • Spleen(2.1)
  • Lung(2.1)
  • Urine(2.1)
  • Eye(2)
genes like me logo Genes that share expression patterns with CYGB: view

Primer products for research

No data available for Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for CYGB Gene

Orthologs for CYGB Gene

This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

Orthologs for CYGB Gene

Organism Taxonomy Gene Similarity Type Details
Chimpanzee
(Pan troglodytes)
 Mammalia CYGB 30 31
  • 99.3 (n)
 OneToOne
Dog
(Canis familiaris)
 Mammalia CYGB 30 31
  • 94.87 (n)
 OneToOne
Cow
(Bos Taurus)
 Mammalia CYGB 30 31
  • 94.04 (n)
 OneToOne
Mouse
(Mus musculus)
 Mammalia Cygb 30 17 31
  • 92.81 (n)
 OneToOne
Rat
(Rattus norvegicus)
 Mammalia Cygb 30
  • 91.05 (n)
Platypus
(Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
 Mammalia CYGB 31
  • 85 (a)
 OneToOne
Oppossum
(Monodelphis domestica)
 Mammalia CYGB 31
  • 57 (a)
 OneToOne
Chicken
(Gallus gallus)
 Aves CYGB 30 31
  • 78.65 (n)
 OneToOne
Lizard
(Anolis carolinensis)
 Reptilia CYGB 31
  • 65 (a)
 OneToOne
Tropical Clawed Frog
(Silurana tropicalis)
 Amphibia cygb 30
  • 71.35 (n)
Zebrafish
(Danio rerio)
 Actinopterygii cygb2 30 31
  • 68.38 (n)
 OneToMany
CYGB (2 of 3) 31
  • 57 (a)
 OneToMany
cygb1 31
  • 45 (a)
 OneToMany
cygb 30
Species where no ortholog for CYGB was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
  • A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii)
  • Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
  • African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
  • African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
  • Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
  • Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
  • Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
  • Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
  • Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
  • Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
  • Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
  • Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
  • Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
  • Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
  • Corn (Zea mays)
  • E. coli (Escherichia coli)
  • Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
  • Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
  • Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
  • Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
  • Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
  • Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
  • K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
  • Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
  • Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
  • Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
  • Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
  • Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
  • Pig (Sus scrofa)
  • Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
  • Rice (Oryza sativa)
  • Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
  • Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
  • Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
  • Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis)
  • Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi)
  • Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
  • Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
  • Soybean (Glycine max)
  • Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
  • Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
  • Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  • Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
  • Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
  • Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
  • Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
  • Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)

Evolution for CYGB Gene

ENSEMBL:
Gene Tree for CYGB (if available)
TreeFam:
Gene Tree for CYGB (if available)
Aminode:
Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for CYGB: view image

Paralogs for CYGB Gene

Paralogs for CYGB Gene

(10) SIMAP similar genes for CYGB Gene using alignment to 3 proteins:

  • CYGB_HUMAN
  • K7EIM9_HUMAN
  • K7EMC7_HUMAN
genes like me logo Genes that share paralogs with CYGB: view

Variants for CYGB Gene

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Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for CYGB Gene

SNP ID Clinical significance and condition Chr 17 pos Variation AA Info Type
813201 Pathogenic: Retinitis pigmentosa 76,540,214(-) C/A
NM_001077620.3(PRCD):c.73C>A (p.Pro25Thr) 		MISSENSE
848892 Uncertain Significance: not provided 76,540,206(-) G/A
NM_001077620.3(PRCD):c.65G>A (p.Arg22Gln) 		MISSENSE
849356 Uncertain Significance: not provided 76,540,576(-) A/G
NM_001077620.3(PRCD):c.143+3A>G 		INTRON
866216 Pathogenic: Retinal dystrophy 76,540,199(-) GCCAA/G
NM_001077620.3(PRCD):c.61_64del (p.Asn21fs) 		FRAMESHIFT
888920 Uncertain Significance: Retinitis pigmentosa 76,544,337(-) G/A
NM_001077620.3(PRCD):c.*687G>A 		NON_CODING_TRANSCRIPT_VARIANT,THREE_PRIME_UTR

dbSNP identifiers (rs#s) for variants without ClinVar clinical significance for CYGB Gene

All consequence types are included: molecular consequences (e.g. missense, synonymous), and location-based (e.g. intron, upstream).

Structural Variations from Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) for CYGB Gene

Variant ID Type Subtype PubMed ID
nsv1058263 CNV gain 25217958
nsv833549 CNV gain 17160897
nsv952370 CNV deletion 24416366

Variation tolerance for CYGB Gene

Residual Variation Intolerance Score: 27.2% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score: 11.51; 92.93% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)

Additional Variant Information for CYGB Gene

SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
CYGB

SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assays for research

No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for CYGB Gene

Disorders for CYGB Gene

MalaCards: The human disease database

(33) MalaCards diseases for CYGB Gene - From: CVR, COP, and GCD

Disorder Aliases PubMed IDs
retinitis pigmentosa 36
  • rp36
cone-rod dystrophy 2
  • cord2
retinitis pigmentosa
  • rp
fundus dystrophy
  • retinal dystrophy
esophageal diverticulosis
  • diverticulosis, esophageal
- elite association - COSMIC cancer census association via MalaCards
Search CYGB in MalaCards View complete list of genes associated with diseases

Additional Disease Information for CYGB

Atlas
ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
Open Targets Platform
Open Targets Platform
genes like me logo Genes that share disorders with CYGB: view

No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for CYGB Gene

Publications for CYGB Gene

  1. Cytoglobin: a novel globin type ubiquitously expressed in vertebrate tissues. (PMID: 11919282) Burmester T … Hankeln T (Molecular biology and evolution 2002) 2 3 4 23
  2. High-resolution structure of human cytoglobin: identification of extra N- and C-termini and a new dimerization mode. (PMID: 16699195) Makino M … Shiro Y (Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography 2006) 3 4 23
  3. Structural basis of human cytoglobin for ligand binding. (PMID: 15165856) Sugimoto H … Shiro Y (Journal of molecular biology 2004) 3 4 23
  4. Crystal structure of cytoglobin: the fourth globin type discovered in man displays heme hexa-coordination. (PMID: 15095869) de Sanctis D … Bolognesi M (Journal of molecular biology 2004) 3 4 23
  5. Cytoglobin is expressed in the vasculature and regulates cell respiration and proliferation via nitric oxide dioxygenation. (PMID: 19147491) Halligan KE … Jourd'heuil D (The Journal of biological chemistry 2009) 3 23

ExternalLinks

View latest publications for CYGB gene in Mastermind

Products for CYGB Gene

Sources for CYGB Gene