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The muscarinic cholinergic receptors belong to a larger family of G protein-coupled receptors. The functional diversity of these receptors is defined by the binding of acetylcholine and includes cellular responses such as adenylate cyclase inhibition, phosphoinositide degeneration, and potassium channel mediation. Muscarinic receptors influence many effects of acetylcholine in the central and peripheral nervous system. The clinical implications of this receptor are unknown; however, mouse studies link its function to adenylyl cyclase inhibition. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
CHRM4 (Cholinergic Receptor Muscarinic 4) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CHRM4 include Ureterolithiasis and Arthrogryposis, Distal, Type 1A. Among its related pathways are Signaling by GPCR and Peptide ligand-binding receptors. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include G protein-coupled receptor activity and G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity. An important paralog of this gene is CHRM2.
Muscarinic receptors are widely distributed throughout the body and control distinct functions according to location and subtype (M1 - M5).They are predominantly expressed in the parasympathetic nervous system where they exert both inhibitory and excitatory effects.
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0004930 | G protein-coupled receptor activity | IBA | 21873635 |
GO:0004993 | G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity | IBA | 21873635 |
GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 15518545 |
GO:0016907 | G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity | TAS,IBA | 21873635 |
GO:0030594 | neurotransmitter receptor activity | IBA | 21873635 |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005886 | plasma membrane | TAS | -- |
GO:0005887 | integral component of plasma membrane | TAS,IBA | 21873635 |
GO:0016020 | membrane | IEA | -- |
GO:0016021 | integral component of membrane | IEA | -- |
GO:0030054 | cell junction | IEA | -- |
SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | Peptide ligand-binding receptors | ||
2 | Monoamine GPCRs |
.75
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3 | Signaling by GPCR | ||
4 | Regulation of actin cytoskeleton | ||
5 | Circadian entrainment |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0007165 | signal transduction | TAS | 9603968 |
GO:0007166 | cell surface receptor signaling pathway | TAS | 2739737 |
GO:0007186 | G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | TAS | -- |
GO:0007187 | G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger | IBA | 21873635 |
GO:0007197 | adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway | IEA,IBA | 21873635 |
Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atropine | Approved, Vet_approved | Pharma | Antagonist, Target, antagonist | MAChRs antagonist | 208 | |
Darifenacin | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Antagonist, Inverse agonist, Target, antagonist | 26 | ||
Acetylcholine | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Agonist, Full agonist, Target | 883 | ||
Tropicamide | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Target, antagonist | Antimuscarinic drug, Selective M4 muscarinic antagonist | 33 | |
Doxepin | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Antagonist, Target, antagonist, inhibitor | 16 |
Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(-)aceclidine |
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Agonist, Partial agonist |
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(+)aceclidine |
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Agonist, Full agonist |
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HHSiD |
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Antagonist |
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N-Dealkylated tolterodine |
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Promazine 5-sulfoxide |
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Compound | Action | Cas Number |
---|---|---|
PD 102807 | Selective M4 antagonist | 23062-91-1 |
Tropicamide | Selective M4 muscarinic antagonist | 1508-75-4 |
VU 10010 | Selective allosteric potentiator of M4 receptors | 633283-39-3 |
VU 152100 | Positive allosteric modulator of M4 receptors | 409351-28-6 |
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | CHRM4 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | CHRM4 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | CHRM4 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Chrm4 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Chrm4 30 |
|
||
Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | -- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
-- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | CHRM4 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | CHRM4 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | chrm4 30 |
|
||
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | chrm4a 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | CG7918 32 |
|
|
|
mAcR-60C 31 32 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | gar-3 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | -- 31 |
|
OneToMany |
Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|
ureterolithiasis |
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arthrogryposis, distal, type 1a |
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schizophrenia |
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