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This gene is one of several cytokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines are a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine is a member of the CC subfamily which is characterized by two adjacent cysteine residues. This cytokine displays chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not for neutrophils or eosinophils. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases characterized by monocytic infiltrates, like psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. It binds to chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]
CCL2 (C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CCL2 include Neural Tube Defects and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1. Among its related pathways are p70S6K Signaling and CCR5 Pathway in Macrophages. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include protein kinase activity and heparin binding. An important paralog of this gene is CCL7.
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0004672 | protein kinase activity | TAS | 9973507 |
GO:0005102 | signaling receptor binding | TAS | 10542238 |
GO:0005125 | cytokine activity | IEA | -- |
GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 26095031 |
GO:0008009 | chemokine activity | TAS,IBA | 21873635 |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005576 | extracellular region | TAS,IDA | -- |
GO:0005615 | extracellular space | TAS,IBA | 21873635 |
GO:0005623 | cell | IEA | -- |
SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | PEDF Induced Signaling |
MIF Mediated Glucocorticoid Regulation
.94
MIF Regulation of Innate Immune Cells
.94
PEDF Induced Signaling
.73
all-trans-Retinoic Acid Signaling in Brain
.71
RAR-Gamma-RXR-Alpha Degradation
.62
IL-6 Pathway
.61
|
NFAT Signaling and Lymphocyte Interactions
.57
PGC1Alpha Pathway
.51
STAT3 Pathway
.47
Endothelin-1 Signaling Pathway
.46
Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling
.43
|
2 | TGF-Beta Pathway |
MAPK Family Pathway
.60
TGF-Beta Pathway
.60
JAK-STAT Pathway
.57
|
JNK Pathway
.51
Regulation of eIF4 and p70S6K
.43
SOCS Pathway
.40
|
3 | Akt Signaling |
Akt Signaling
.60
p38 Signaling
.60
|
Tec Kinases Signaling
.55
|
4 | ERK Signaling |
ERK Signaling
.61
Rho Family GTPases
.61
|
Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer
.51
|
5 | Selenium Micronutrient Network |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0000165 | MAPK cascade | IMP | 21147091 |
GO:0001525 | angiogenesis | TAS | 18334747 |
GO:0002548 | monocyte chemotaxis | IDA | 12207323 |
GO:0006468 | protein phosphorylation | TAS | 9670957 |
GO:0006935 | chemotaxis | TAS | 10623817 |
Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Danazol | Approved | Pharma | Target, inhibitor | 24 | ||
Atorvastatin | Approved | Pharma | Competitive, Inhibitor | 862 | ||
Simvastatin | Approved | Pharma | Competitive, Inhibitor | HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor | 568 | |
Chondroitin sulfate | Approved, Investigational | Nutra | Target | 0 | ||
Risperidone | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Antagonist, Inverse agonist | SR-2A inhibitor | 523 |
Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs |
---|
Compound | Action | Cas Number |
---|---|---|
Bindarit | 130641-38-2 |
ExUns: | 1a | · | 1b | ^ | 2 | ^ | 3a | · | 3b |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SP1: | |||||||||
SP2: |
This gene was present in the common ancestor of mammals.
Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | CCL2 33 32 |
|
OneToOne | |
dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | CCL2 33 32 |
|
OneToOne | |
cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | CCL2 33 32 |
|
OneToOne | |
mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Ccl12 17 32 |
|
||
Ccl2 33 |
|
OneToOne | |||
rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Ccl12 32 |
|
||
platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | -- 33 |
|
ManyToMany | |
-- 33 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | -- 33 |
|
ManyToMany | |
-- 33 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
-- 33 |
|
ManyToMany |
SNP ID | Clin | Chr 17 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
rs1000097225 | -- | 34,254,063(+) | G/A/T | upstream_transcript_variant | |
rs1003064174 | -- | 34,254,653(+) | G/A | upstream_transcript_variant | |
rs1003236569 | -- | 34,257,364(+) | C/T | downstream_transcript_variant | |
rs1003310038 | -- | 34,257,642(+) | G/A/C | downstream_transcript_variant | |
rs1004292278 | -- | 34,254,684(+) | G/C | upstream_transcript_variant |
Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
---|---|---|---|
dgv3141n100 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
esv3572553 | CNV | gain | 25503493 |
nsv517423 | CNV | gain+loss | 19592680 |
nsv519297 | CNV | gain | 19592680 |
nsv574714 | CNV | gain | 21841781 |
Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|
neural tube defects |
|
|
human immunodeficiency virus type 1 |
|
|
proliferative glomerulonephritis |
|
|
stachybotrys chartarum |
|
|
herpes simplex virus keratitis |
|
|