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Aliases for CCDC159 Gene
Aliases for CCDC159 Gene
External Ids for CCDC159 Gene
- HGNC: 26996
- NCBI Entrez Gene: 126075
- Ensembl: ENSG00000183401
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P0C7I6
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for CCDC159 Gene
- GC19P011321
- GC19P011455
- GC19P011033
Summaries for CCDC159 Gene
GeneCards Summary for CCDC159 Gene
CCDC159 (Coiled-Coil Domain Containing 159) is a Protein Coding gene.
Additional gene information for CCDC159 Gene
- HGNC (26996)
- NCBI Entrez Gene (126075)
- Ensembl (ENSG00000183401)
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P0C7I6)
- Open Targets Platform(ENSG00000183401)
- Search for CCDC159 at DataMed
- Search for CCDC159 at HumanCyc
No data available for Entrez Gene Summary , CIViC Summary , UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary , Tocris Summary , Gene Wiki entry , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for CCDC159 Gene
Genomics for CCDC159 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs
Promoters and enhancers for CCDC159 Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication |
Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around CCDC159 on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path
Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for CCDC159
Genomic Locations for CCDC159 Gene
Latest Assembly
- chr19:11,344,684-11,354,951
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 10,268 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
Previous Assembly
- chr19:11,457,195-11,465,620
- (GRCh37/hg19 by Entrez Gene)
- Size:
- 8,426 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
- chr19:11,455,360-11,465,620
- (GRCh37/hg19 by Ensembl)
- Size:
- 10,261 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
Genomic View for CCDC159 Gene
Genes around CCDC159 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 19p13.2 by HGNC
- 19p13.2 by Entrez Gene
- 19p13.2 by Ensembl
CCDC159 Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for CCDC159 Gene
Proteins for CCDC159 Gene
-
Protein details for CCDC159 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P0C7I6-CC159_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 159
- Protein Accession:
- P0C7I6
- B4DEG3
- B4DWR8
- B4E133
- B7ZAM4
Protein attributes for CCDC159 Gene
- Size:
- 297 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 33695 Da
- Quaternary structure:
- No Data Available
- SequenceCaution:
-
- Sequence=BAG63130.1; Type=Miscellaneous discrepancy; Note=Intron retention.; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; Sequence=BC038439; Type=Miscellaneous discrepancy; Note=Cloning artifact.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
Post-translational modifications for CCDC159 Gene
Other Protein References for CCDC159 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibodies for research
-
Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for CCDC159
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for CCDC159
- Invitrogen Antibodies for CCDC159 (AFLGC-CCDC159)
- antibodies-online: Show 3 available CCDC159 Antibodies ranked by validation data
Protein products for research
-
OriGene Purified Proteins for CCDC159
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for CCDC159
- Origene Custom Protein Services for CCDC159
Assay products for research
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for CCDC159 Gene
Domains & Families for CCDC159 Gene
Gene Families for CCDC159 Gene
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein Domains for CCDC159 Gene
- InterPro:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for CCDC159 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
-
- Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 159 (CC159_HUMAN)
No data available for Graphical View of Domain Structure and UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for CCDC159 Gene
Function for CCDC159 Gene
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for CCDC159 Gene
Phenotypes for CCDC159 Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for CCDC159:
- inferred from 1 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for CCDC159:
Animal Models for CCDC159 Gene
- MGI Knock Outs for CCDC159:
-
- Ccdc159 Ccdc159<tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi>
Animal Models for research
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
CRISPR products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for CCDC159 - Starting at $85 >
- * CCDC159 CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: Non-viral | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | siRNA - Browse All
- * Cas9 Nucleases, Nickases, Null Mutants, and GFP tag also available.
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for CCDC159
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for CCDC159
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for CCDC159
miRNA products for research
Inhibitory RNAs for research
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for CCDC159
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For CCDC159
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for CCDC159
Clone products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for CCDC159 - Starting at $45 >
- * CCDC159 as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Retro- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Viral Packaging Services and High Titer Production Services also available.
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for CCDC159
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for CCDC159
Cell Lines for research
-
Horizon Cell Lines for CCDC159
No data available for Molecular function , Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Gene Ontology (GO) - Molecular Function , Human Phenotype Ontology , miRNA , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for CCDC159 Gene
Localization for CCDC159 Gene
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| nucleus | 3 |
| cytosol | 2 |
| extracellular | 1 |
| mitochondrion | 1 |
- Cytosol (2)
- Nuclear bodies (2)
- Nucleoplasm (2)
No data available for Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Gene Ontology (GO) - Cellular Components for CCDC159 Gene
Pathways & Interactions for CCDC159 Gene
Interacting Proteins for CCDC159 Gene
No data available for Pathways by source and SIGNOR curated interactions for CCDC159 Gene
Transcripts for CCDC159 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for CCDC159 Gene
- 1 REFSEQ mRNAs :
- 9 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
- 20 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :
-
- ENST00000458408 1049 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000586451 527 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000586479 622 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000587100 768 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000587531 534 nts (view in UCSC)
CRISPR products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for CCDC159 - Starting at $85 >
- * CCDC159 CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: Non-viral | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | siRNA - Browse All
- * Cas9 Nucleases, Nickases, Null Mutants, and GFP tag also available.
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for CCDC159
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for CCDC159
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for CCDC159
miRNA products for research
Inhibitory RNAs for research
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for CCDC159
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For CCDC159
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for CCDC159
Clone products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for CCDC159 - Starting at $45 >
- * CCDC159 as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Retro- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Viral Packaging Services and High Titer Production Services also available.
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for CCDC159
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for CCDC159
| ExUns: | 1a | · | 1b | · | 1c | ^ | 2 | ^ | 3a | · | 3b | ^ | 4 | ^ | 5 | ^ | 6a | · | 6b | · | 6c | · | 6d | ^ | 7a | · | 7b | · | 7c | · | 7d | ^ | 8a | · | 8b | ^ | 9a | · | 9b | ^ | 10 | ^ | 11 | ^ | 12 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP2: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP3: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP4: | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP5: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP6: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP7: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP8: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP9: |
Relevant External Links for CCDC159 Gene
- GeneLoc Exon Structure for
- CCDC159
Expression for CCDC159 Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
-
Testis (Reproductive System)
Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for CCDC159
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for CCDC159 Gene:
Hs.631636Primer products for research
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for CCDC159
Gene Expression Assays for research
No data available for mRNA differential expression in normal tissues , Protein differential expression in normal tissues , Protein expression , Protein tissue co-expression partners , mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt , Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for CCDC159 Gene
Orthologs for CCDC159 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | CCDC159 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | CCDC159 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | CCDC159 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Ccdc159 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Ccdc159 30 |
|
||
| Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | CCDC159 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | CCDC159 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | CCDC159 31 |
|
OneToOne |
- Species where no ortholog for CCDC159 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chicken (Gallus gallus)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- Corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
- Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
- Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- Pig (Sus scrofa)
- Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- Rice (Oryza sativa)
- Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis)
- Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- Soybean (Glycine max)
- Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis)
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
- Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
- Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Evolution for CCDC159 Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for CCDC159 (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for CCDC159 (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for CCDC159: view image
Paralogs for CCDC159 Gene
No data available for Paralogs for CCDC159 Gene
Variants for CCDC159 Gene
Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for CCDC159 Gene
| SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 19 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs6887 | - |
p.Cys278Ser |
All consequence types are included: molecular consequences (e.g. missense, synonymous), and location-based (e.g. intron, upstream).
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
70.4% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
6.77;
78.98% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for CCDC159 Gene
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assays for research
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for CCDC159 Gene
Disorders for CCDC159 Gene
Additional Disease Information for CCDC159
- Atlas
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
- Open Targets Platform
- Open Targets Platform
No disorders were found for CCDC159 Gene.
No data available for MalaCards , UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for CCDC159 Gene
Publications for CCDC159 Gene
- The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19. (PMID: 15057824) Grimwood J … Lucas SM (Nature 2004) 3 4
- The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PMID: 15489334) Gerhard DS … MGC Project Team (Genome research 2004) 3 4
- A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration. (PMID: 16713569) Lim J … Zoghbi HY (Cell 2006) 3
- Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PMID: 14702039) Ota T … Sugano S (Nature genetics 2004) 4
- Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. (PMID: 12477932) Strausberg RL … Mammalian Gene Collection Program Team (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2002) 3
ExternalLinks
Products for CCDC159 Gene
- Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for CCDC159
- Browse OriGene ELISA Kits
- Custom Assay Services
- OriGene Purified Proteins for CCDC159
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for CCDC159
- Origene Custom Protein Services for CCDC159
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for CCDC159
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For CCDC159
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for CCDC159
- OriGene CRISPR knockouts for CCDC159
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Browse OriGene miRNA Products For CCDC159
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for CCDC159
- Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
- Browse Sino Biological Cell Lysates
- Browse Sino Biological Antibodies
- Browse Sino Biological Assays
- Browse cDNA Clones
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Browse CRO Services
- High-throughput Antibody Production Service
- Protein Production Service
- Epitope Tag Antibodies & Reporter Protein Antibodies
- Lentiviral ORF Clones
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for CCDC159
- Novus Biologicals proteins and lysates for CCDC159
- Browse Antibodies
- Browse Peptides and Proteins
- Browse Lysates
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Invitrogen Antibodies for CCDC159 (AFLGC-CCDC159)
- VectorBuilder Custom and pre-made DNA vectors for CCDC159 (ie. gene expression, shRNA knockdown, CRISPR)
- VectorBuilder Viral vectors for CCDC159 (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder CRISPR vectors for CCDC159 (ie. knockout, knockin, CRISPRa, CRISPRi)
- VectorBuilder Virus packaging for CCDC159 CRISPR vectors (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder Stable cell line generation for CCDC159
- antibodies-online: Show 3 available CCDC159 Antibodies ranked by validation data
- antibodies-online: Search results for available CCDC159 related products ranked by validation data
- antibodies-online: Search results for available CCDC159 related products ranked by validation data
- Horizon Cell Lines for CCDC159
- Browse GeneCopoeia Cell Lines
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for CCDC159
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for CCDC159
- Search GeneCopoeia for miRNA 3'UTR Target clone products for CCDC159
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for CCDC159
Sources for CCDC159 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) NCBI Entrez Gene
- (4) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM® (Updated: 05-Mar-2021)
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) Cell Signaling Technology
- (12) GO
- (13) UniProtKB/TrEMBL
- (14) InterPro
- (15) ProtoNet
- (16) Blocks
- (17) MGI
- (18) IUBMB
- (19) KEGG
- (20) MINT
- (21) STRING
- (22) IntAct
- (23) Novoseek
- (24) PharmGKB
- (25) DrugBank
- (26) HMDB
- (27) ASD
- (28) SAGE
- (29) SOURCE
- (30) HomoloGene
- (31) PanEnsembl
- (32) euGenes
- (33) SGD
- (34) FlyBase
- (35) WormBase
- (36) Pseudogene
- (37) DGV
- (38) dbSNP
- (39) GenAtlas
- (40) HGMD
- (41) GAD
- (42) BGMUT
- (43) HuGE
- (44) Atlas
- (45) GenBank
- (46) HORDE
- (47) HUGE
- (48) IMGT
- (49) Leiden
- (50) miRBase
- (51) DME
- (52) OriGene
- (53) PubMed
- (54) R&D Systems
- (55) TGDB
- (56) Tocris
- (57) Abcam
- (58) Novus Biologicals
- (59) ProSpec
- (60) Sino Biological
- (61) GenScript
- (62) Qiagen
- (63) OCA
- (64) Proteopedia
- (65) MOPED
- (66) neXtProt
- (67) Reactome
- (68) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (69) DISEASES
- (70) SIMAP
- (71) GenomeRNAi
- (72) LifeMap
- (73) miRTarBase
- (74) MalaCards
- (75) Invitrogen
- (76) BitterDB
- (77) ESI-BIO
- (78) RefSeq
- (79) BioSystems
- (80) MaxQB
- (81) IUPHAR
- (82) BioGPS
- (83) Illumina
- (84) COMPARTMENTS
- (85) HOMER
- (86) PaxDb
- (87) ApexBio
- (88) Addgene
- (89) antibodies-online
- (90) CYP
- (91) NONCODE
- (92) TreeFam
- (93) PathCards
- (94) GeneReviews
- (95) GeneTex
- (96) Taconic Biosciences
- (97) GTEx
- (98) ProteomicsDB
- (99) SCBT
- (100) DGIdb
- (101) ClinicalTrials
- (102) RVIS
- (103) SIGNOR
- (104) diseasecard
- (105) NIH Rare Diseases
- (106) Orphanet
- (107) UMLS
- (108) GTR
- (109) Disease Ontology
- (110) MedlinePlus Genetics
- (111) MeSH
- (112) MedlinePlus
- (113) CDC
- (114) NINDS
- (115) NCBI Bookshelf
- (116) ClinVar
- (117) Gene Damage Index
- (118) HPO
- (119) UDN
- (120) VISTA
- (121) FANTOM5
- (122) ENCODE
- (123) ProSci
- (124) Horizon
- (125) The Signaling Pathways Project (SPP)
- (126) IID
- (127) VectorBuilder
- (128) SNPedia
- (129) BRCA Exchange
- (130) CIViC
- (131) ProteoGenix
- (132) dbSUPER
- (133) TISSUES
- (134) Gene ORGANizer
- (135) abm
- (136) Human Protein Atlas
- (137) GWAS Catalog
- (138) Monarch Initiative
- (139) DataMed
- (140) HumanCyc
- (141) UCNEbase
- (142) EPDnew
- (143) Applied Biosystems
- (144) GlyConnect
- (145) Aminode
- (146) GeneCopoeia
- (147) GPS-Prot
- (148) RNAcentral
- (149) LncRNADisease
- (150) LOVD
- (151) miR2Disease
- (152) DiseaseEnhancer
- (153) Boster Bio
- (154) Biorbyt
- (155) Biocompare
- (156) Mastermind
- (157) CTD^2 Dashboard
- (158) CraniofacialAtlas
- (159) GeneImprint
- (160) Synthego
- (161) ENA
- (162) GtRNAdb
- (163) LncBase
- (164) LncBook
- (165) LNCipedia
- (166) Modomics
- (167) PDBe
- (168) Rfam
- (169) SILVA
- (170) snOPY
- (171) SRPDB
- (172) GENCODE
- (173) TarBase
- (174) Open Targets Platform
- (175) 5SRRNADB
- (176) snoDB
- (177) MirGeneDB