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Aliases for CARMIL1 Gene
Aliases for CARMIL1 Gene
- Capping Protein Regulator And Myosin 1 Linker 1 2 3 5
- CARMIL 2 3 4
- Capping Protein Regulator And Myosin 1 Linker Protein 1 3 4
- Capping Protein, Arp2/3 And Myosin-I Linker Homolog 1 3 4
- Capping Protein, Arp2/3 And Myosin-I Linker Protein 1 3 4
- Leucine-Rich Repeat-Containing Protein 16A 3 4
- Leucine Rich Repeat Containing 16A 2 3
- Leucine Rich Repeat Containing 16 2 3
- F-Actin-Uncapping Protein LRRC16A 3 4
- CARMIL Homolog 3 4
External Ids for CARMIL1 Gene
- HGNC: 21581
- Entrez Gene: 55604
- Ensembl: ENSG00000079691
- OMIM: 609593
- UniProtKB: Q5VZK9
Previous HGNC Symbols for CARMIL1 Gene
- LRRC16
- LRRC16A
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for CARMIL1 Gene
- GC06P025287
- GC06P025291
- GC06P025296
- GC06P025305
- GC06P025282
- GC06P025284
Summaries for CARMIL1 Gene
GeneCards Summary for CARMIL1 Gene
CARMIL1 (Capping Protein Regulator And Myosin 1 Linker 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CARMIL1 include Gout and Olecranon Bursitis. Among its related pathways are Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+ and Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production. An important paralog of this gene is CARMIL3.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for CARMIL1 Gene
-
Cell membrane-cytoskeleton-associated protein that plays a role in the regulation of actin polymerization at the barbed end of actin filaments. Prevents F-actin heterodimeric capping protein (CP) activity at the leading edges of migrating cells, and hence generates uncapped barbed ends and enhances actin polymerization, however, seems unable to nucleate filaments (PubMed:16054028). Plays a role in lamellipodial protrusion formations and cell migration (PubMed:19846667).
Additional gene information for CARMIL1 Gene
- HGNC(21581)
- Entrez Gene(55604)
- Ensembl(ENSG00000079691)
- OMIM(609593)
- UniProtKB(Q5VZK9)
- Open Targets Platform(ENSG00000079691)
- Monarch Initiative
- Search for CARMIL1 at DataMed
- Search for CARMIL1 at HumanCyc
No data available for Entrez Gene Summary , CIViC Summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for CARMIL1 Gene
Genomics for CARMIL1 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs
Promoters and enhancers for CARMIL1 Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication |
Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around CARMIL1 on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path
Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for CARMIL1
Genomic Locations for CARMIL1 Gene
Genomic Locations for CARMIL1 Gene
- chr6:25,279,078-25,620,530
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 341,453 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
- chr6:25,279,306-25,620,758
- (GRCh37/hg19)
- Size:
- 341,453 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
Genomic View for CARMIL1 Gene
Genes around CARMIL1 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 6p22.2 by HGNC
- 6p22.2 by Entrez Gene
- 6p22.2 by Ensembl
CARMIL1 Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for CARMIL1 Gene
Proteins for CARMIL1 Gene
-
Protein details for CARMIL1 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- Q5VZK9-CARL1_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- F-actin-uncapping protein LRRC16A
- Protein Accession:
- Q5VZK9
- B8X1J0
- Q6ZUH5
- Q6ZW07
- Q9NXU7
Protein attributes for CARMIL1 Gene
- Size:
- 1371 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 151557 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Homodimer (PubMed:19846667). Interacts (via C-terminus) with heterodimer capping protein (CP); this interaction uncaps barbed ends capped by CP, enhances barbed-end actin polymerization and promotes lamellipodial formation and cell migration (By similarity). Interacts with heterodimer capping protein (CP) (PubMed:19846667). Interacts with MYO1E (PubMed:19846667). Interacts with TRIO (PubMed:19846667).
- SequenceCaution:
-
- Sequence=BAA90912.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
Post-translational modifications for CARMIL1 Gene
Other Protein References for CARMIL1 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for CARMIL1
-
Abcam antibodies for CARMIL1
- Invitrogen Antibodies for CARMIL1 (AFLGC-CARMIL1)
Protein Products
- Search Origene for Purified Proteins, MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for CARMIL1
- Origene Custom Protein Services for CARMIL1
- Novus Biologicals proteins for CARMIL1
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for CARMIL1 Gene
Domains & Families for CARMIL1 Gene
Gene Families for CARMIL1 Gene
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein Domains for CARMIL1 Gene
- InterPro:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for CARMIL1 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
-
- LRRC16A protein (B2RTQ5_HUMAN)
- CARMIL1a (B8X1J0_HUMAN)
- CARMIL homolog (LR16A_HUMAN)
- LRRC16A protein (Q8IW66_HUMAN)
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
Q5VZK9UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:
CARL1_HUMAN :- The C-terminus is necessary for localization to the cell membrane (PubMed:26578515).
- Belongs to the CARMIL family.
- Domain:
-
- The C-terminus is necessary for localization to the cell membrane (PubMed:26578515).
- Family:
-
- Belongs to the CARMIL family.
Function for CARMIL1 Gene
Molecular function for CARMIL1 Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Cell membrane-cytoskeleton-associated protein that plays a role in the regulation of actin polymerization at the barbed end of actin filaments. Prevents F-actin heterodimeric capping protein (CP) activity at the leading edges of migrating cells, and hence generates uncapped barbed ends and enhances actin polymerization, however, seems unable to nucleate filaments (PubMed:16054028). Plays a role in lamellipodial protrusion formations and cell migration (PubMed:19846667).
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for CARMIL1 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 19846667 |
| GO:0044877 | protein-containing complex binding | IEA,IDA | 16054028 |
Phenotypes for CARMIL1 Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for CARMIL1:
- inferred from 1 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for CARMIL1:
Animal Models for CARMIL1 Gene
- MGI Knock Outs for CARMIL1:
-
- Carmil1 Carmil1<tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi>
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for CARMIL1 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * CARMIL1 CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for CARMIL1
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for CARMIL1
miRNA for CARMIL1 Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target CARMIL1
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for CARMIL1
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For CARMIL1
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for CARMIL1
Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for CARMIL1 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * CARMIL1 as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Retro- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for CARMIL1
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for CARMIL1
Cell Line Products
-
Horizon Cell Lines for CARMIL1
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for CARMIL1 Gene
Localization for CARMIL1 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for CARMIL1 Gene
- Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Cell membrane. Cell projection, lamellipodium. Note=Found on macropinosomes (PubMed:19846667). Colocalized with heterodimeric capping protein (CP) and F-actin in lamellipodia but not with F-actin in stress fibers (PubMed:19846667). {ECO:0000269 PubMed:19846667}.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| plasma membrane | 5 |
| nucleus | 5 |
| endosome | 5 |
| cytosol | 5 |
| extracellular | 4 |
| cytoskeleton | 4 |
- Cytosol (3)
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005654 | nucleoplasm | IDA | -- |
| GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005829 | cytosol | TAS | -- |
| GO:0005856 | cytoskeleton | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005886 | plasma membrane | IEA,IDA | 26578515 |
Pathways & Interactions for CARMIL1 Gene
Pathways by source for CARMIL1 Gene
2 Reactome pathways for CARMIL1 Gene
Interacting Proteins for CARMIL1 Gene
GPS-Prot Interaction Network for CARMIL1
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0007015 | actin filament organization | NAS | 19846667 |
| GO:0007596 | blood coagulation | TAS | -- |
| GO:0016477 | cell migration | IMP | 19846667 |
| GO:0030032 | lamellipodium assembly | IMP | 19846667 |
| GO:0030335 | positive regulation of cell migration | IEA,IMP | 16054028 |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for CARMIL1 Gene
Transcripts for CARMIL1 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for CARMIL1 Gene
- 2 REFSEQ mRNAs :
- 24 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
- 5 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :
-
- ENST00000461945 1290 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000329474 5485 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000497227 707 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000635618 3201 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000476458 1291 nts (view in UCSC)
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for CARMIL1 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * CARMIL1 CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for CARMIL1
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for CARMIL1
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for CARMIL1
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For CARMIL1
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for CARMIL1
Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for CARMIL1 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * CARMIL1 as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Retro- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for CARMIL1
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for CARMIL1
Relevant External Links for CARMIL1 Gene
- GeneLoc Exon Structure for
- CARMIL1
Expression for CARMIL1 Gene
Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for CARMIL1
mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for CARMIL1 Gene:
Q5VZK9-CARL1_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Expressed in lung, placenta, small intestine, liver, thymus, colon, skeletal muscle, heart and brain. Higher expression in kidney.
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for CARMIL1 Gene
- Intestine(4.4)
- Liver(4.3)
- Kidney(2.3)
- Nervous system(2.1)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for CARMIL1
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for CARMIL1
Gene Expression Assay Products
No data available for mRNA expression in normal human tissues , mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery , mRNA differential expression in normal tissues , Protein differential expression in normal tissues , Protein expression , Protein tissue co-expression partners and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for CARMIL1 Gene
Orthologs for CARMIL1 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | LRRC16A 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | LRRC16A 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | LRRC16A 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Lrrc16a 30 |
|
||
| Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | LRRC16A 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Lrrc16a 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Carmil1 17 |
|
||||
| Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | LRRC16A 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | LRRC16A 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | LRRC16A 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | lrrc16a 30 |
|
||
| Str.17185 30 |
|
||||
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | LRRC16A 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | CG1399 30 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
| African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae) |
Insecta | AgaP_AGAP004841 30 |
|
||
| Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | crml-1 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
| Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | -- 31 |
|
ManyToMany |
- Species where no ortholog for CARMIL1 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- Corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
- Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- Pig (Sus scrofa)
- Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- Rice (Oryza sativa)
- Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis)
- Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- Soybean (Glycine max)
- Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Evolution for CARMIL1 Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for CARMIL1 (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for CARMIL1 (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for CARMIL1: view image
Paralogs for CARMIL1 Gene
Variants for CARMIL1 Gene
Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for CARMIL1 Gene
| SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 06 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs12207840 | - | p.Pro545Leu | |||
| rs7454756 | - | p.Ala639Gly | |||
| rs9358856 | - | p.Val77Ile | |||
| rs9885914 | - | p.Asn1117Ser |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
53.8% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
4.15;
61.54% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for CARMIL1 Gene
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for CARMIL1 Gene
Disorders for CARMIL1 Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| gout |
|
|
| olecranon bursitis |
|
|
Search CARMIL1 in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Additional Disease Information for CARMIL1
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for CARMIL1 Gene
Publications for CARMIL1 Gene
- Distinct roles for CARMIL isoforms in cell migration. (PMID: 19846667) Liang Y … Cooper JA (Molecular biology of the cell 2009) 2 3 4
- Cell Migration and Invadopodia Formation Require a Membrane-binding Domain of CARMIL2. (PMID: 26578515) Lanier MH … Cooper JA (The Journal of biological chemistry 2016) 3 4
- Mammalian CARMIL inhibits actin filament capping by capping protein. (PMID: 16054028) Yang C … Zigmond SH (Developmental cell 2005) 3 4
- PLEKHA4/kramer Attenuates Dishevelled Ubiquitination to Modulate Wnt and Planar Cell Polarity Signaling. (PMID: 31091453) Shami Shah A … Baskin JM (Cell reports 2019) 3
- The Functional Proximal Proteome of Oncogenic Ras Includes mTORC2. (PMID: 30639242) Kovalski JR … Khavari PA (Molecular cell 2019) 3
ExternalLinks
Products for CARMIL1 Gene
- Browse OriGene Antibodies
- Custom Antibody Services
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- Custom Assay Services
- Search Origene for Purified Proteins, MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for CARMIL1
- Origene Custom Protein Services for CARMIL1
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for CARMIL1
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For CARMIL1
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for CARMIL1
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for CARMIL1
- OriGene CRISPR knockouts for CARMIL1
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Browse OriGene miRNA Products For CARMIL1
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for CARMIL1
- Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
- Browse Sino Biological Cell Lysates
- Browse Sino Biological Antibodies
- Browse Sino Biological Assays
- Browse cDNA Clones
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Browse CRO Services
- High-throughput Antibody Production Service
- Protein Production Service
- Epitope Tag Antibodies & Reporter Protein Antibodies
- Lentiviral ORF Clones
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for CARMIL1
- Novus Biologicals proteins for CARMIL1
- Browse Antibodies
- Browse Peptides and Proteins
- Browse Lysates
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Abcam antibodies for CARMIL1
- Find your target
- Browse Primary Antibodies
- Browse Conjugated Primary Antibodies
- Browse Secondary Antibodies
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Browse Matched Antibody Pairs
- Browse Proteins and Peptides
- Search Knockout (KO) Validated Antibodies
- Browse Monoclonal Antibodies
- Browse Recombinant Antibodies
- Invitrogen Antibodies for CARMIL1 (AFLGC-CARMIL1)
- VectorBuilder Custom and pre-made DNA vectors for CARMIL1 (ie. gene expression, shRNA knockdown, CRISPR)
- VectorBuilder Viral vectors for CARMIL1 (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder CRISPR vectors for CARMIL1 (ie. knockout, knockin, CRISPRa, CRISPRi)
- VectorBuilder Virus packaging for CARMIL1 CRISPR vectors (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder Stable cell line generation for CARMIL1
- antibodies-online: Show 8 available LRRC16A Antibodies ranked by validation data
- Compare Top LRRC16A Antibodies
- antibodies-online: Search results for available LRRC16A related products ranked by validation data
- antibodies-online: Search results for available LRRC16A related products ranked by validation data
- Horizon Cell Lines for CARMIL1
- Browse GeneCopoeia Cell Lines
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for CARMIL1
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for CARMIL1
- Search GeneCopoeia for miRNA 3'UTR Target clone products for CARMIL1
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for CARMIL1
Sources for CARMIL1 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) NCBI Entrez Gene
- (4) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) Cell Signaling Technology
- (12) GO
- (13) UniProtKB/TrEMBL
- (14) InterPro
- (15) ProtoNet
- (16) Blocks
- (17) MGI
- (18) IUBMB
- (19) KEGG
- (20) MINT
- (21) STRING
- (22) IntAct
- (23) Novoseek
- (24) PharmGKB
- (25) DrugBank
- (26) HMDB
- (27) ASD
- (28) SAGE
- (29) SOURCE
- (30) HomoloGene
- (31) PanEnsembl
- (32) euGenes
- (33) SGD
- (34) FlyBase
- (35) WormBase
- (36) Pseudogene
- (37) DGV
- (38) dbSNP
- (39) GenAtlas
- (40) HGMD
- (41) GAD
- (42) BGMUT
- (43) HuGE
- (44) Atlas
- (45) GenBank
- (46) HORDE
- (47) HUGE
- (48) IMGT
- (49) Leiden
- (50) miRBase
- (51) DME
- (52) OriGene
- (53) PubMed
- (54) R&D Systems
- (55) TGDB
- (56) Tocris
- (57) Abcam
- (58) Novus Biologicals
- (59) ProSpec
- (60) Sino Biological
- (61) GenScript
- (62) Qiagen
- (63) OCA
- (64) Proteopedia
- (65) MOPED
- (66) neXtProt
- (67) Reactome
- (68) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (69) DISEASES
- (70) SIMAP
- (71) GenomeRNAi
- (72) LifeMap
- (73) miRTarBase
- (74) MalaCards
- (75) Invitrogen
- (76) BitterDB
- (77) ESI-BIO
- (78) RefSeq
- (79) BioSystems
- (80) MaxQB
- (81) IUPHAR
- (82) BioGPS
- (83) Illumina
- (84) COMPARTMENTS
- (85) HOMER
- (86) PaxDb
- (87) ApexBio
- (88) Addgene
- (89) antibodies-online
- (90) CYP
- (91) NONCODE
- (92) TreeFam
- (93) PathCards
- (94) GeneReviews
- (95) GeneTex
- (96) Taconic Biosciences
- (97) GTEx
- (98) ProteomicsDB
- (99) SCBT
- (100) DGIdb
- (101) ClinicalTrials
- (102) RVIS
- (103) SIGNOR
- (104) diseasecard
- (105) NIH Rare Diseases
- (106) Orphanet
- (107) UMLS
- (108) GTR
- (109) Disease Ontology
- (110) Genetics Home Reference
- (111) MeSH
- (112) MedlinePlus
- (113) CDC
- (114) NINDS
- (115) NCBI Bookshelf
- (116) ClinVar
- (117) Gene Damage Index
- (118) HPO
- (119) UDN
- (120) VISTA
- (121) FANTOM5
- (122) ENCODE
- (123) ProSci
- (124) Horizon
- (125) The Signaling Pathways Project (SPP)
- (126) IID
- (127) VectorBuilder
- (128) SNPedia
- (129) BRCA Exchange
- (130) CIViC
- (131) ProteoGenix
- (132) dbSUPER
- (133) TISSUES
- (134) Gene ORGANizer
- (135) abm
- (136) Human Protein Atlas
- (137) GWAS Catalog
- (138) Monarch Initiative
- (139) DataMed
- (140) HumanCyc
- (141) UCNEbase
- (142) EPDnew
- (143) Applied Biosystems
- (144) GlyConnect
- (145) Aminode
- (146) GeneCopoeia
- (147) GPS-Prot
- (148) RNACentral
- (149) LncRNADisease
- (150) LOVD
- (151) miR2Disease
- (152) DiseaseEnhancer
- (153) Boster Bio
- (154) Biorbyt
- (155) Biocompare
- (156) Mastermind
- (157) CTD^2 Dashboard
- (158) CraniofacialAtlas
- (159) GeneImprint
- (160) Synthego
- (161) ENA
- (162) GtRNAdb
- (163) LncBase
- (164) LncBook
- (165) LNCipedia
- (166) Modomics
- (167) PDBe
- (168) Rfam
- (169) SILVA
- (170) snOPY
- (171) SRPDB
- (172) GENCODE
- (173) TarBase
- (174) Signalway Antibody
- (175) Open Targets Platform
- (176) 5SRRNADB
- (177) snoDB
- (178) MirGeneDB