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Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. They show extensive diversity in tissue... See more...
Aliases for CA11 Gene
Aliases for CA11 Gene
External Ids for CA11 Gene
- HGNC: 1370
- Entrez Gene: 770
- Ensembl: ENSG00000063180
- OMIM: 604644
- UniProtKB: O75493
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for CA11 Gene
- GC19M049785
- GC19M049509
- GC19M053817
- GC19M053833
- GC19M049141
- GC19M045520
Summaries for CA11 Gene
-
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. They show extensive diversity in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization. CA XI is likely a secreted protein, however, radical changes at active site residues completely conserved in CA isozymes with catalytic activity, make it unlikely that it has carbonic anhydrase activity. It shares properties in common with two other acatalytic CA isoforms, CA VIII and CA X. CA XI is most abundantly expressed in brain, and may play a general role in the central nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
GeneCards Summary for CA11 Gene
CA11 (Carbonic Anhydrase 11) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CA11 include Sialolithiasis. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include carbonate dehydratase activity. An important paralog of this gene is CA10.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for CA11 Gene
-
Does not have a catalytic activity.
Additional gene information for CA11 Gene
- HGNC(1370)
- Entrez Gene(770)
- Ensembl(ENSG00000063180)
- OMIM(604644)
- UniProtKB(O75493)
- Open Targets Platform(ENSG00000063180)
- Search for CA11 at DataMed
- Search for CA11 at HumanCyc
No data available for CIViC Summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for CA11 Gene
Genomics for CA11 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs
Promoters and enhancers for CA11 Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication |
Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around CA11 on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path
Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for CA11
- Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the CA11 gene promoter:
-
- AP-1
- ATF-2
- c-Jun
- CREB
- deltaCREB
- Nkx2-5
Genomic Locations for CA11 Gene
Genomic Locations for CA11 Gene
- chr19:48,637,946-48,646,187
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 8,242 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
- chr19:49,141,199-49,149,569
- (GRCh37/hg19)
- Size:
- 8,371 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for CA11 Gene
Genes around CA11 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 19q13.33 by HGNC
- 19q13.33 by Entrez Gene
- 19q13.33 by Ensembl
CA11 Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for CA11 Gene
Proteins for CA11 Gene
-
Protein details for CA11 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- O75493-CAH11_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 11
- Protein Accession:
- O75493
- O60596
- Q6FHI1
- Q9UEC4
Protein attributes for CA11 Gene
- Size:
- 328 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 36238 Da
- Quaternary structure:
- No Data Available
Protein Expression for CA11 Gene
Post-translational modifications for CA11 Gene
Other Protein References for CA11 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- G Biosciences Immunotag™ CA11 Antibody
-
Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for CA11
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for CA11
-
Abcam antibodies for CA11
- Invitrogen Antibodies for CA11 (AFLGC-CA11)
-
Biorbyt antibodies for CA11
-
Boster Bio Antibodies for CA11
Protein Products
- G Biosciences Human Carbonic anhydrase-related protein XI/CA11, Liquid
-
OriGene Purified Proteins for CA11
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for CA11
- Origene Custom Protein Services for CA11
- ProSpec Recombinant Proteins for CA11
- antibodies-online: Show 11 available CA11 Proteins ranked by validation data
- Compare Top CA11 Proteins
-
Quality Products:
-
ProSci Proteins for CA11
-
Abcam proteins for CA11
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for CA11 Gene
Domains & Families for CA11 Gene
Gene Families for CA11 Gene
- HGNC:
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Predicted intracellular proteins
- Predicted secreted proteins
Protein Domains for CA11 Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
-
- Carbonic anhydrase, eukaryotic
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for CA11 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
-
- Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 2 (CAH11_HUMAN)
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
O75493- Family:
-
- Belongs to the alpha-carbonic anhydrase family.
Function for CA11 Gene
Molecular function for CA11 Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Does not have a catalytic activity.
- GENATLAS Biochemistry:
- acatalytic carbonic anhydrase related peptide XI,embedded between the secretor cluster and DBP,expressed abundantly in the brain (moderatly in spinal cord and thyroid,cerebral cortex,cerebellum putamen)
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for CA11 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0004089 | NOT carbonate dehydratase activity | IEA,TAS | 9878252 |
| GO:0008270 | zinc ion binding | IEA | -- |
| GO:0016836 | hydro-lyase activity | IBA | 21873635 |
Phenotypes for CA11 Gene
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for CA11 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * CA11 CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for CA11
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for CA11
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for CA11
miRNA for CA11 Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target CA11
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for CA11
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For CA11
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for CA11
Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for CA11 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * CA11 as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Retro- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for CA11
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for CA11
Cell Line Products
-
Horizon Cell Lines for CA11
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology , Animal Models , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for CA11 Gene
Localization for CA11 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for CA11 Gene
- Secreted.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| extracellular | 4 |
| plasma membrane | 3 |
| cytoskeleton | 3 |
| mitochondrion | 2 |
| cytosol | 2 |
| peroxisome | 1 |
| nucleus | 1 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 1 |
| endosome | 1 |
| lysosome | 1 |
| golgi apparatus | 1 |
- Microtubules (2)
- Vesicles (2)
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005576 | extracellular region | IEA | -- |
| GO:0016323 | basolateral plasma membrane | IEA,IBA | 21873635 |
Pathways & Interactions for CA11 Gene
Interacting Proteins for CA11 Gene
GPS-Prot Interaction Network for CA11
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006730 | one-carbon metabolic process | IBA | 21873635 |
No data available for Pathways by source and SIGNOR curated interactions for CA11 Gene
Drugs & Compounds for CA11 Gene
| Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zonisamide | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Target, inhibitor | Antiepileptic with anticonvulsant and mechanistic effect | 74 | |
| Brinzolamide | Approved | Pharma | CA II inhibitor | 68 | ||
| Methazolamide | Approved | Pharma | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor | 8 | ||
| Topiramate | Approved | Pharma | GluR5 receptor antagonist,anticonvulsant, GluR5 antagonist; inhibits carbonic anhydrase (CA) II and IV | 277 | ||
| Dorzolamide HCl | Pharma | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor | 0 |
(5) ApexBio Compounds for CA11 Gene
| Compound | Action | Cas Number |
|---|---|---|
| Brinzolamide | CA II inhibitor | 138890-62-7 |
| Dorzolamide HCl | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor | 130693-82-2 |
| Methazolamide | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor | 554-57-4 |
| Topiramate | GluR5 receptor antagonist,anticonvulsant | 97240-79-4 |
| U-104 | CAIX inhibitor | 178606-66-1 |
Drug Products
- G Biosciences Human Carbonic anhydrase-related protein XI/CA11, Liquid
- ApexBio compounds for CA11
Transcripts for CA11 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for CA11 Gene
- 1 REFSEQ mRNAs :
- 11 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
- 4 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :
-
- ENST00000084798 1715 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000599267 381 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000594088 275 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000596080 498 nts (view in UCSC)
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for CA11 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * CA11 CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for CA11
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for CA11
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for CA11
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for CA11
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For CA11
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for CA11
Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for CA11 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * CA11 as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Retro- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for CA11
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for CA11
Relevant External Links for CA11 Gene
- GeneLoc Exon Structure for
- CA11
Expression for CA11 Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
- Brain (Nervous System)
- Skeletal Muscle (Muscoskeletal System)
- Neural Tube (Nervous System)
-
Eye (Sensory Organs)
- GABAergic Amacrine Cells Inner Nuclear Layer
-
Neurons
- GABAergic Amacrine Cells Inner Nuclear Layer
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for CA11 Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Brain - Cortex (x5.6), Brain - Anterior cingulate cortex (BA24) (x5.0), Brain - Frontal Cortex (BA9) (x4.8), Brain - Putamen (basal ganglia) (x4.5), and Brain - Amygdala (x4.4).
This gene is overexpressed in Vitreous humor (65.4).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB and MOPED for CA11 Gene
Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for CA11
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for CA11 Gene:
Hs.428446mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for CA11 Gene:
O75493-CAH11_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Expressed abundantly in the brain with moderate expression also present in spinal cord and thyroid.
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for CA11 Gene
- Nervous system(4.8)
- Pancreas(4.3)
- Bone marrow(4.2)
- Intestine(2.6)
- Kidney(2.3)
- Blood(2.2)
- Skin(2.1)
- Lung(2)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for CA11
Gene Expression Assay Products
No data available for Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for CA11 Gene
Orthologs for CA11 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | CA11 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | CA11 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | CA11 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Car11 30 |
|
||
| Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Car11 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | CA11 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | -- 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |
| -- 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| -- 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | CA11 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | LOC100493884 30 |
|
||
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | CA11 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | CG32698 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |
| CG1402 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | cah-2 31 32 |
|
ManyToMany | |
| cah-1 31 |
|
ManyToMany |
- Species where no ortholog for CA11 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chicken (Gallus gallus)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- Corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
- Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- Pig (Sus scrofa)
- Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- Rice (Oryza sativa)
- Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis)
- Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- Soybean (Glycine max)
- Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Evolution for CA11 Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for CA11 (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for CA11 (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for CA11: view image
Paralogs for CA11 Gene
Variants for CA11 Gene
| Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| dgv3617n100 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
| nsv9739 | CNV | gain+loss | 18304495 |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
36.2% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
0.43;
9.45% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for CA11 Gene
- SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
- CA11
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for CA11 Gene
Disorders for CA11 Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| sialolithiasis |
|
|
Search CA11 in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Additional Disease Information for CA11
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for CA11 Gene
Publications for CA11 Gene
- Evolutionarily conserved, "acatalytic" carbonic anhydrase-related protein XI contains a sequence motif present in the neuropeptide sauvagine: the human CA-RP XI gene (CA11) is embedded between the secretor gene cluster and the DBP gene at 19q13.3. (PMID: 9878252) Lovejoy DA … Tashian RE (Genomics 1998) 2 3 4 23
- cDNA sequence, mRNA expression, and chromosomal localization of human carbonic anhydrase-related protein, CA-RP XI. (PMID: 10350627) Fujikawa-Adachi K … Onishi S (Biochimica et biophysica acta 1999) 3 4 23
- Sequence and tissue expression of a novel human carbonic anhydrase-related protein, CARP-2, mapping to chromosome 19q13.3. (PMID: 9878543) Bellingham J … Gregory-Evans CY (Biochemical and biophysical research communications 1998) 3 4 23
- Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry. (PMID: 16335952) Liu T … Smith RD (Journal of proteome research 2005) 3 4
- The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PMID: 15489334) Gerhard DS … MGC Project Team (Genome research 2004) 3 4
ExternalLinks
Products for CA11 Gene
- Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for CA11
- Browse OriGene ELISA Kits
- Custom Assay Services
- OriGene Purified Proteins for CA11
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for CA11
- Origene Custom Protein Services for CA11
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for CA11
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For CA11
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for CA11
- OriGene CRISPR knockouts for CA11
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Browse OriGene miRNA Products For CA11
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for CA11
- Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
- Browse Sino Biological Cell Lysates
- Browse Sino Biological Antibodies
- Browse Sino Biological Assays
- Browse cDNA Clones
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- Browse CRO Services
- High-throughput Antibody Production Service
- Protein Production Service
- Epitope Tag Antibodies & Reporter Protein Antibodies
- Lentiviral ORF Clones
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for CA11
- Novus Biologicals proteins and lysates for CA11
- Browse Antibodies
- Browse Peptides and Proteins
- Browse Lysates
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Abcam antibodies for CA11
- Abcam proteins for CA11
- Find your target
- Browse Primary Antibodies
- Browse Conjugated Primary Antibodies
- Browse Secondary Antibodies
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Browse Matched Antibody Pairs
- Browse Proteins and Peptides
- Search Knockout (KO) Validated Antibodies
- Browse Monoclonal Antibodies
- Browse Recombinant Antibodies
- ApexBio compounds for CA11
- VectorBuilder Custom and pre-made DNA vectors for CA11 (ie. gene expression, shRNA knockdown, CRISPR)
- VectorBuilder Viral vectors for CA11 (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder CRISPR vectors for CA11 (ie. knockout, knockin, CRISPRa, CRISPRi)
- VectorBuilder Virus packaging for CA11 CRISPR vectors (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder Stable cell line generation for CA11
- antibodies-online: Show 32 available CA11 Antibodies ranked by validation data
- Compare Top CA11 Antibodies
- antibodies-online: Search results for available CA11 related products ranked by validation data
- antibodies-online: Show 11 available CA11 Proteins ranked by validation data
- Compare Top CA11 Proteins
- Quality Products:
- Search for CA11 Antibodies at ProSci
- Custom Antibody Services
- ProSci Proteins for CA11
- Horizon Cell Lines for CA11
- Browse GeneCopoeia Cell Lines
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for CA11
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for CA11
- Search GeneCopoeia for miRNA 3'UTR Target clone products for CA11
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for CA11
- Boster Bio Antibodies for CA11
- Browse Boster Bio ELISA Kits
- Biorbyt antibodies for CA11
Sources for CA11 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) NCBI Entrez Gene
- (4) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) Cell Signaling Technology
- (12) GO
- (13) UniProtKB/TrEMBL
- (14) InterPro
- (15) ProtoNet
- (16) Blocks
- (17) MGI
- (18) IUBMB
- (19) KEGG
- (20) MINT
- (21) STRING
- (22) IntAct
- (23) Novoseek
- (24) PharmGKB
- (25) DrugBank
- (26) HMDB
- (27) ASD
- (28) SAGE
- (29) SOURCE
- (30) HomoloGene
- (31) PanEnsembl
- (32) euGenes
- (33) SGD
- (34) FlyBase
- (35) WormBase
- (36) Pseudogene
- (37) DGV
- (38) dbSNP
- (39) GenAtlas
- (40) HGMD
- (41) GAD
- (42) BGMUT
- (43) HuGE
- (44) Atlas
- (45) GenBank
- (46) HORDE
- (47) HUGE
- (48) IMGT
- (49) Leiden
- (50) miRBase
- (51) DME
- (52) OriGene
- (53) PubMed
- (54) R&D Systems
- (55) TGDB
- (56) Tocris
- (57) Abcam
- (58) Novus Biologicals
- (59) ProSpec
- (60) Sino Biological
- (61) GenScript
- (62) Qiagen
- (63) OCA
- (64) Proteopedia
- (65) MOPED
- (66) neXtProt
- (67) Reactome
- (68) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (69) DISEASES
- (70) SIMAP
- (71) GenomeRNAi
- (72) LifeMap
- (73) miRTarBase
- (74) MalaCards
- (75) Invitrogen
- (76) BitterDB
- (77) ESI-BIO
- (78) RefSeq
- (79) BioSystems
- (80) MaxQB
- (81) IUPHAR
- (82) BioGPS
- (83) Illumina
- (84) COMPARTMENTS
- (85) HOMER
- (86) PaxDb
- (87) ApexBio
- (88) Addgene
- (89) antibodies-online
- (90) CYP
- (91) NONCODE
- (92) TreeFam
- (93) PathCards
- (94) GeneReviews
- (95) GeneTex
- (96) Taconic Biosciences
- (97) GTEx
- (98) ProteomicsDB
- (99) SCBT
- (100) DGIdb
- (101) ClinicalTrials
- (102) RVIS
- (103) SIGNOR
- (104) diseasecard
- (105) NIH Rare Diseases
- (106) Orphanet
- (107) UMLS
- (108) GTR
- (109) Disease Ontology
- (110) Genetics Home Reference
- (111) MeSH
- (112) MedlinePlus
- (113) CDC
- (114) NINDS
- (115) NCBI Bookshelf
- (116) ClinVar
- (117) Gene Damage Index
- (118) HPO
- (119) UDN
- (120) VISTA
- (121) FANTOM5
- (122) ENCODE
- (123) ProSci
- (124) Horizon
- (125) The Signaling Pathways Project (SPP)
- (126) IID
- (127) VectorBuilder
- (128) SNPedia
- (129) BRCA Exchange
- (130) CIViC
- (131) ProteoGenix
- (132) dbSUPER
- (133) TISSUES
- (134) Gene ORGANizer
- (135) abm
- (136) Human Protein Atlas
- (137) GWAS Catalog
- (138) Monarch Initiative
- (139) DataMed
- (140) HumanCyc
- (141) UCNEbase
- (142) EPDnew
- (143) Applied Biosystems
- (144) GlyConnect
- (145) Aminode
- (146) GeneCopoeia
- (147) GPS-Prot
- (148) RNACentral
- (149) LncRNADisease
- (150) LOVD
- (151) miR2Disease
- (152) DiseaseEnhancer
- (153) Boster Bio
- (154) Biorbyt
- (155) Biocompare
- (156) Mastermind
- (157) CTD^2 Dashboard
- (158) CraniofacialAtlas
- (159) GeneImprint
- (160) Synthego
- (161) ENA
- (162) GtRNAdb
- (163) LncBase
- (164) LncBook
- (165) LNCipedia
- (166) Modomics
- (167) PDBe
- (168) Rfam
- (169) SILVA
- (170) snOPY
- (171) SRPDB
- (172) GENCODE
- (173) TarBase
- (174) Signalway Antibody
- (175) Open Targets Platform
- (176) 5SRRNADB
- (177) snoDB
- (178) MirGeneDB