Aliases for ATOX1 Gene
Aliases for ATOX1 Gene
External Ids for ATOX1 Gene
- HGNC: 798
- Entrez Gene: 475
- Ensembl: ENSG00000177556
- OMIM: 602270
- UniProtKB: O00244
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for ATOX1 Gene
- GC05M151191
- GC05M151719
- GC05M151105
- GC05M151150
- GC05M151102
- GC05M146267
- GC05M151122
Summaries for ATOX1 Gene
-
This gene encodes a copper chaperone that plays a role in copper homeostasis by binding and transporting cytosolic copper to ATPase proteins in the trans-Golgi network for later incorporation to the ceruloplasmin. This protein also functions as an antioxidant against superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, and therefore, may play a significant role in cancer carcinogenesis. Because of its cytogenetic location, this gene represents a candidate gene for 5q-syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
GeneCards Summary for ATOX1 Gene
ATOX1 (Antioxidant 1 Copper Chaperone) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with ATOX1 include Wilson Disease and Menkes Disease. Among its related pathways are Innate Immune System and Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include copper ion binding and copper-dependent protein binding.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for ATOX1 Gene
-
Binds and deliver cytosolic copper to the copper ATPase proteins. May be important in cellular antioxidant defense.
No data available for CIViC summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for ATOX1 Gene
Genomics for ATOX1 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements for ATOX1 Gene
Promoters and enhancers for ATOX1 Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data dump
GeneHancers around ATOX1 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Locations for ATOX1 Gene
Genomic Locations for ATOX1 Gene
- chr5:151,742,316-151,772,532
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 30,217 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
- chr5:151,121,877-151,152,093
- (GRCh37/hg19)
Genomic View for ATOX1 Gene
Genes around ATOX1 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 5q33.1 by Ensembl
- 5q33.1 by Entrez Gene
- 5q33.1 by HGNC
ATOX1 Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for ATOX1 Gene
Proteins for ATOX1 Gene
-
Protein details for ATOX1 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- O00244-ATOX1_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Copper transport protein ATOX1
- Protein Accession:
- O00244
- A8KAJ8
- D3DQI2
- Q2M1R6
- Q56AP3
Protein attributes for ATOX1 Gene
- Size:
- 68 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 7402 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Interacts with ATP7B (PubMed:10966647). Interacts with ATP7A (PubMed:21667063).
Protein Expression for ATOX1 Gene
Post-translational modifications for ATOX1 Gene
Other Protein References for ATOX1 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for ATOX1
-
Abcam antibodies for ATOX1
- Invitrogen Antibodies for ATOX1
- Search GeneTex for Antibodies for ATOX1
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for ATOX1
- Sino Biological Antibodies for ATOX1
Protein Products
-
OriGene Purified Proteins for ATOX1
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for ATOX1
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- Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins for ATOX1
- Browse Sino Biological Cell Lysates
- ProSpec Recombinant Proteins for ATOX1
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for ATOX1
-
Abcam proteins for ATOX1
Assay Products
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for ATOX1 Gene
Domains & Families for ATOX1 Gene
Gene Families for ATOX1 Gene
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein Domains for ATOX1 Gene
- Blocks:
- InterPro:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for ATOX1 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
O00244- Family:
-
- Belongs to the ATX1 family.
Function for ATOX1 Gene
Molecular function for ATOX1 Gene
- GENATLAS Biochemistry:
- antioxidant protein 1,human homolog of S cerevisiae,copper binding protein Atx1p,ubiquitously expressed,involved in copper homeostasis
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Binds and deliver cytosolic copper to the copper ATPase proteins. May be important in cellular antioxidant defense.
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for ATOX1 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005375 | copper ion transmembrane transporter activity | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005507 | copper ion binding | IDA | 12029094 |
| GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 12968035 |
| GO:0016530 | metallochaperone activity | TAS | 15670166 |
| GO:0016531 | copper chaperone activity | IDA | 12029094 |
Phenotypes for ATOX1 Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for ATOX1:
- inferred from 1 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for ATOX1:
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
- Cyagen custom Knockout/knockin (KOKI) mouse models for ATOX1
-
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for ATOX1 gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for ATOX1
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for ATOX1
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for 96 available ATOX1 gene related products
- Overview of 96 available ATOX1 gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials CRISPR for ATOX1
-
Vectors and viruses for KO, Activation, Repression, and more
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for ATOX1
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miRNA for ATOX1 Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target ATOX1
-
- hsa-mir-30a-5p (MIRT028597)
- hsa-mir-16-5p (MIRT031845)
- hsa-let-7b-5p (MIRT051900)
- hsa-mir-570-3p (MIRT444267)
- hsa-mir-4635 (MIRT444268)
- hsa-mir-6811-5p (MIRT572366)
- hsa-mir-6511b-5p (MIRT572367)
- hsa-mir-4533 (MIRT572368)
- hsa-mir-137 (MIRT572369)
- hsa-mir-6722-3p (MIRT572370)
- hsa-mir-1909-3p (MIRT572371)
- hsa-mir-6836-5p (MIRT572372)
- hsa-mir-6132 (MIRT572373)
- hsa-mir-92b-3p (MIRT572374)
- hsa-mir-92a-3p (MIRT572375)
- hsa-mir-367-3p (MIRT572376)
- hsa-mir-363-3p (MIRT572377)
- hsa-mir-32-5p (MIRT572378)
- hsa-mir-25-3p (MIRT572379)
- hsa-mir-9500 (MIRT572380)
- hsa-mir-6876-5p (MIRT572381)
- hsa-mir-4476 (MIRT572382)
- hsa-mir-183-3p (MIRT763157)
- hsa-mir-3614-5p (MIRT766026)
- hsa-mir-3680-5p (MIRT766740)
- hsa-mir-4427 (MIRT768888)
- hsa-mir-4680-3p (MIRT770924)
- hsa-mir-4764-3p (MIRT772031)
- hsa-mir-5187-3p (MIRT773533)
- hsa-mir-622 (MIRT776073)
- hsa-mir-6500-3p (MIRT776433)
- hsa-mir-6750-3p (MIRT778337)
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for ATOX1
Inhibitory RNA Products
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Clone Products
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for ATOX1
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for ATOX1
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-
VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- Applied Biological Materials Clones for ATOX1
-
Vectors and viruses for ORF, Lenti, Retro, Adenovirus, AAV, and more
Cell Line Products
-
Horizon Cell Lines for ATOX1
-
ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for ATOX1 gene
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for ATOX1 gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for ATOX1
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology , Animal Models , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for ATOX1 Gene
Localization for ATOX1 Gene
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| cytosol | 5 |
| plasma membrane | 3 |
| nucleus | 3 |
| extracellular | 2 |
| golgi apparatus | 2 |
| mitochondrion | 1 |
- Nucleoplasm (2)
- Plasma membrane (2)
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005829 | cytosol | TAS | 12029094 |
No data available for Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for ATOX1 Gene
Pathways & Interactions for ATOX1 Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Defensins | ||
| 2 | Innate Immune System |
.61
|
|
| 3 | Mineral absorption | ||
| 4 | Cellular Senescence (REACTOME) | ||
| 5 | Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species | ||
Pathways by source for ATOX1 Gene
1 BioSystems pathway for ATOX1 Gene
6 Reactome pathways for ATOX1 Gene
1 KEGG pathway for ATOX1 Gene
Interacting Proteins for ATOX1 Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
ENSP00000316854
O00244-ATOX1_HUMAN
for ATOX1 Gene via
STRING
UniProtKB
IID
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006810 | transport | IEA | -- |
| GO:0006811 | ion transport | IEA | -- |
| GO:0006825 | copper ion transport | TAS | 15670166 |
| GO:0006878 | cellular copper ion homeostasis | IBA,TAS | -- |
| GO:0006979 | response to oxidative stress | IBA | -- |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for ATOX1 Gene
Drugs & Compounds for ATOX1 Gene
| Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Copper | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Carrier, binder | 202 | ||
| Cisplatin | Approved | Pharma | Target | Inhibits DNA synthesis,chemotherapy drug, Potent pro-apoptotic anticancer agent; activates caspase-3, Platinum | 2906 | |
| Sucrose | Approved, Experimental, Investigational | Pharma | Target | 0 | ||
| benzamidine | Experimental | Pharma | Target | 0 | ||
| DC_AC50 | Pharma | Selective Atox1 and CCS inhibitor | 0 |
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs |
|---|
(1) ApexBio Compounds for ATOX1 Gene
| Compound | Action | Cas Number |
|---|---|---|
| DC_AC50 | Selective Atox1 and CCS inhibitor | 497061-48-0 |
Transcripts for ATOX1 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for ATOX1 Gene
- (1) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (6) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (199) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (7) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
Unigene Clusters for ATOX1 Gene
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for ATOX1
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for 96 available ATOX1 gene related products
- Overview of 96 available ATOX1 gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials CRISPR for ATOX1
-
Vectors and viruses for KO, Activation, Repression, and more
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for ATOX1
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for ATOX1
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for ATOX1
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for ATOX1
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For ATOX1
- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for 96 available ATOX1 gene related products
- Overview of 96 available ATOX1 gene related products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for ATOX1
Clone Products
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for ATOX1
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for ATOX1
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for ATOX1
-
VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- Applied Biological Materials Clones for ATOX1
-
Vectors and viruses for ORF, Lenti, Retro, Adenovirus, AAV, and more
| ExUns: | 1a | · | 1b | · | 1c | · | 1d | ^ | 2 | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4a | · | 4b | · | 4c | ^ | 5a | · | 5b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||
| SP2: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| SP3: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| SP4: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||
| SP5: | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
| SP6: | - | - |
Expression for ATOX1 Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
-
Blood (Hematopoietic System)
- Monocytes Peripheral Blood
- Brain (Nervous System)
- Intestine (Gastrointestinal Tract)
-
Prostate (Endocrine System)
-
Placenta (Extraembryonic Tissues)
-
Spleen (Hematopoietic System)
-
Thyroid (Endocrine System)
-
Gall Bladder (Hepatobiliary System)
-
Kidney (Urinary System)
-
Adrenal Gland (Endocrine System)
-
Esophagus (Gastrointestinal Tract)
-
Liver (Hepatobiliary System)
-
Adipose (Muscoskeletal System)
This gene is overexpressed in Fetal ovary (6.1).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, MaxQB, and MOPED for ATOX1 Gene
NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of ATOX1 Gene:
ATOX1SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for ATOX1 Gene:
Hs.125213mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for ATOX1 Gene:
O00244-ATOX1_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Ubiquitous.
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for ATOX1 Gene
- Liver(4.5)
- Nervous system(2.6)
- Intestine(2.3)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for ATOX1
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for ATOX1
- genomics-online: primer clones - Search results for 96 available ATOX1 gene related products
- Overview of 96 available ATOX1 gene related products
Gene Expression Assay Products
No data available for mRNA differential expression in normal tissues and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for ATOX1 Gene
Orthologs for ATOX1 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | ATOX1 33 34 |
|
||
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Atox1 33 16 34 |
|
||
| rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Atox1 33 |
|
||
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | ATOX1 33 34 |
|
||
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | ATOX1 33 34 |
|
||
| oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | ATOX1 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | ATOX1 33 34 |
|
||
| lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | ATOX1 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | atox1 33 |
|
||
| zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | atox1 33 34 |
|
||
| rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) |
Actinopterygii | Omy.10767 33 |
|
||
| fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | Atox1 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| sea squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | -- 34 |
|
OneToOne |
- Species where no ortholog for ATOX1 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
- rice (Oryza sativa)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
- worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Paralogs for ATOX1 Gene
No data available for Paralogs for ATOX1 Gene
Variants for ATOX1 Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 05 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs1000023217 | -- | 151,743,840(-) | T/C | intron_variant | |
| rs1000084165 | -- | 151,749,846(-) | C/T | intron_variant | |
| rs1000176831 | -- | 151,757,963(-) | GGGGGGG/GGGGGGGG | intron_variant | |
| rs1000754403 | -- | 151,758,250(-) | C/A | intron_variant | |
| rs1000792448 | -- | 151,756,067(-) | G/A | intron_variant |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
61.9% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
0.28;
6.16% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for ATOX1 Gene
- SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
- ATOX1
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Structural Variations from Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) for ATOX1 Gene
Disorders for ATOX1 Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| wilson disease |
|
|
| menkes disease |
|
Search ATOX1 in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Additional Disease Information for ATOX1
- Genetic Association Database
- (GAD)
- Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
- (HuGE)
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for ATOX1 Gene
Publications for ATOX1 Gene
- Identification and functional expression of HAH1, a novel human gene involved in copper homeostasis. (PMID: 9083055) Klomp LW … Gitlin JD (The Journal of biological chemistry 1997) 2 3 4 22 58
- Analysis of the human Atox 1 homologue in Wilson patients. (PMID: 18416466) Simon I … Stremmel W (World journal of gastroenterology 2008) 3 22 44 58
- The copper-transporting capacity of ATP7A mutants associated with Menkes disease is ameliorated by COMMD1 as a result of improved protein expression. (PMID: 21667063) Vonk WI … van de Sluis B (Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 2012) 3 4 58
- Differential roles of Met10, Thr11, and Lys60 in structural dynamics of human copper chaperone Atox1. (PMID: 19146392) Rodriguez-Granillo A … Wittung-Stafshede P (Biochemistry 2009) 3 22 58
- Copper(I)-mediated protein-protein interactions result from suboptimal interaction surfaces. (PMID: 19453293) Banci L … Rosato A (The Biochemical journal 2009) 3 22 58
Products for ATOX1 Gene
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- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for ATOX1
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for ATOX1
- VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- antibodies-online: Search results for 29 available ATOX1 Antibodies ranked by validation data
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- orf clones - Search results for 96 available ATOX1 gene related products
- Overview of 96 available ATOX1 gene related products
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for 96 available ATOX1 gene related products
- Overview of 96 available ATOX1 gene related products
- genomics-online: primer clones - Search results for 96 available ATOX1 gene related products
- Overview of 96 available ATOX1 gene related products
- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for 96 available ATOX1 gene related products
- Overview of 96 available ATOX1 gene related products
Sources for ATOX1 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) IntAct
- (22) Novoseek
- (23) PharmGKB
- (24) DrugBank
- (25) HMDB
- (26) UniGene
- (27) AceView
- (28) ASD
- (29) ECgene
- (30) GeneAnnot
- (31) CGAP SAGE
- (32) SOURCE
- (33) HomoloGene
- (34) PanEnsembl
- (35) euGenes
- (36) SGD
- (37) FlyBase
- (38) WormBase
- (39) Pseudogene
- (40) DGV
- (41) dbSNP
- (42) GenAtlas
- (43) HGMD
- (44) GAD
- (45) BGMUT
- (46) HuGE
- (47) Atlas
- (48) Cell Signaling Technology
- (49) GenBank
- (50) H-invDB
- (51) HORDE
- (52) HUGE
- (53) IMGT
- (54) Leiden
- (55) miRBase
- (56) DME
- (57) OriGene
- (58) PubMed
- (59) R&D Systems
- (60) TGDB
- (61) Tocris
- (62) Abcam
- (63) Novus Biologicals
- (64) ProSpec
- (65) Sino Biological
- (66) GenScript
- (67) Qiagen
- (68) Cloud-Clone Corp.
- (69) OCA
- (70) Proteopedia
- (71) MOPED
- (72) neXtProt
- (73) Reactome
- (74) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (75) fRNAdb
- (76) DISEASES
- (77) SIMAP
- (78) GenomeRNAi
- (79) LifeMap
- (80) miRTarBase
- (81) MalaCards
- (82) Invitrogen
- (83) BitterDB
- (84) Vector BioLabs
- (85) ESI-BIO
- (86) RefSeq
- (87) BioSystems
- (88) MaxQB
- (89) IUPHAR
- (90) BioGPS
- (91) Illumina
- (92) COMPARTMENTS
- (93) HOMER
- (94) PaxDb
- (95) ApexBio
- (96) Addgene
- (97) antibodies-online
- (98) CYP
- (99) NONCODE
- (100) SwitchGear Genomics
- (101) TreeFam
- (102) PathCards
- (103) GeneReviews
- (104) GeneTex
- (105) Taconic Biosciences
- (106) GTEx
- (107) ProteomicsDB
- (108) SCBT
- (109) DGIdb
- (110) ClinicalTrials
- (111) FDA Approved Drugs
- (112) RVIS
- (113) SIGNOR
- (114) diseasecard
- (115) NIH Rare Diseases
- (116) Orphanet
- (117) UMLS
- (118) GTR
- (119) Disease Ontology
- (120) Genetics Home Reference
- (121) MeSH
- (122) MedlinePlus
- (123) CDC
- (124) NINDS
- (125) NCBI Bookshelf
- (126) ClinVar
- (127) Gene Damage Index
- (128) ViGene Biosciences
- (129) HPO
- (130) UDN
- (131) VISTA
- (132) FANTOM5
- (133) ENCODE
- (134) ProSci
- (135) Horizon
- (136) NURSA
- (137) IID
- (138) Cyagen
- (139) VectorBuilder
- (140) SNPedia
- (141) BRCA Exchange
- (142) St John's Lab
- (143) CIViC
- (144) ProteoGenix
- (145) dbSUPER
- (146) TISSUES
- (147) Gene ORGANizer
- (148) abm
- (149) CrownBio
- (150) Human Protein Atlas
- (151) GWAS Catalog
- (152) Monarch Initiative
- (153) DataMed
- (154) HumanCyc
- (155) genomics-online
- (156) UCNEbase
- (157) EPDnew
- (158) Applied Biosystems
