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Autophagy is the process by which endogenous proteins and damaged organelles are destroyed intracellularly. Autophagy is postulated to be essential for cell homeostasis and cell remodeling during differentiation, metamorphosis, non-apoptotic cell death, and aging. Reduced levels of autophagy have been described in some malignant tumors, and a role for autophagy in controlling the unregulated cell growth linked to cancer has been proposed. This gene belongs to the autophagy-related protein 4 (Atg4) family of C54 endopeptidases. Members of this family encode proteins that play a role in the biogenesis of autophagosomes, which sequester the cytosol and organelles for degradation by lysosomes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]
ATG4D (Autophagy Related 4D Cysteine Peptidase) is a Protein Coding gene. Among its related pathways are Macroautophagy and Autophagy Pathway. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include cysteine-type endopeptidase activity and cysteine-type peptidase activity. An important paralog of this gene is ATG4C.
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0008233 | peptidase activity | IEA | -- |
GO:0008234 | cysteine-type peptidase activity | IEA,IDA | 21177865 |
GO:0016787 | hydrolase activity | IEA | -- |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005654 | nucleoplasm | IDA | -- |
GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IEA | -- |
GO:0005739 | mitochondrion | IDA | -- |
GO:0005759 | mitochondrial matrix | IEA | -- |
SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | Macroautophagy |
.34
|
|
2 | Autophagy - animal | ||
3 | Autophagy Pathway | ||
4 | Cellular Senescence (REACTOME) |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0006508 | proteolysis | IEA,IDA | 21177865 |
GO:0006914 | autophagy | IEA | -- |
GO:0006915 | apoptotic process | IEA | -- |
GO:0015031 | protein transport | IEA | -- |
Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nimodipine | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Activator, Potentiation | Ca2+ channel blocker (L-type) | 42 | |
Omeprazole | Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved | Pharma | Activator | H+,K+-ATPase inhibitor | 436 | |
Nocodazole | Experimental | Pharma | Tubulin production inhibitor,anti-neoplastic agent, Microtubule inhibitor | 0 | ||
Chloroquine diphosphate | Pharma | Antimalarial drug | 216 | |||
Dexamethasone (DHAP) | Pharma | Glucocorticoidan;ti-inflammatory | 0 |
Compound | Action | Cas Number |
---|---|---|
Chloroquine diphosphate | Antimalarial drug | 50-63-5 |
Dexamethasone (DHAP) | Glucocorticoidan;ti-inflammatory | 1950-02-2 |
Divalproex Sodium | Epilepsy/migraines/bipolar disorder medicine | 76584-70-8 |
Nimodipine | 66085-59-4 | |
Nocodazole | Tubulin production inhibitor,anti-neoplastic agent | 31430-18-9 |
Omeprazole | H+,K+-ATPase inhibitor | 73590-58-6 |
Sulfacetamide Sodium | Sulfonamide antibiotic | 127-56-0 |
Trifluoperazine 2HCl | 440-17-5 |
ExUns: | 1a | · | 1b | · | 1c | · | 1d | ^ | 2a | · | 2b | · | 2c | ^ | 3a | · | 3b | · | 3c | ^ | 4a | · | 4b | · | 4c | · | 4d | · | 4e | · | 4f | ^ | 5 | ^ | 6a | · | 6b | · | 6c | ^ | 7 | ^ | 8a | · | 8b | ^ | 9 | ^ | 10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SP1: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP2: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP3: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP4: | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP5: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP6: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP7: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP8: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP9: |
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals and fungi.
Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | ATG4D 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | ATG4D 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | ATG4D 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Atg4d 30 |
|
||
Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Atg4d 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | ATG4D 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | ATG4D 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | ATG4D 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | atg4d 30 |
|
||
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | atg4da 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
atg4db 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae) |
Insecta | AgaP_AGAP004023 30 |
|
||
Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | CG6194 30 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | atg-4.2 30 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |
Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) |
Saccharomycetes | ATG4 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | CSA.753 31 |
|
OneToMany |
SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 19 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
784385 | Benign: not provided | 10,547,195(+) | C/T | NON_CODING_TRANSCRIPT_VARIANT,SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT |
No disorders were found for ATG4D Gene.