The protein encoded by this gene is a basic helix-loop-helix protein that forms a heterodimer with CLOCK. This heterodimer binds E-box enhancer elements upstream of Period (PER1, PER2, PER3) and Cryptochrome (CRY1, CRY2) genes and activates transcription of these genes. PER and CRY proteins heterodimerize and repress their own transcription by interacting in a feedback loop wit... See more...
Aliases for ARNTL Gene
Aliases for ARNTL Gene
- Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator Like 2 3 5
- Brain And Muscle ARNT-Like 1 2 3 4
- Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator-Like Protein 1 3 4
- Class E Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Protein 5 3 4
- Basic-Helix-Loop-Helix-PAS Protein MOP3 3 4
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Family Member E5 2 3
- PAS Domain-Containing Protein 3 3 4
- Member Of PAS Protein 3 3 4
- PAS Domain Containing 3 2 3
- BHLH-PAS Protein JAP3 3 4
- BHLHe5 3 4
External Ids for ARNTL Gene
- HGNC: 701
- Entrez Gene: 406
- Ensembl: ENSG00000133794
- OMIM: 602550
- UniProtKB: O00327
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for ARNTL Gene
- GC11P014570
- GC11P014048
- GC11P013338
- GC11P013263
- GC11P013255
- GC11P013299
- GC11P012979
Summaries for ARNTL Gene
-
The protein encoded by this gene is a basic helix-loop-helix protein that forms a heterodimer with CLOCK. This heterodimer binds E-box enhancer elements upstream of Period (PER1, PER2, PER3) and Cryptochrome (CRY1, CRY2) genes and activates transcription of these genes. PER and CRY proteins heterodimerize and repress their own transcription by interacting in a feedback loop with CLOCK/ARNTL complexes. Defects in this gene have been linked to infertility, problems with gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis, and altered sleep patterns. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]
GeneCards Summary for ARNTL Gene
ARNTL (Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator Like) is a Protein Coding gene. Among its related pathways are Regulation of lipid metabolism by Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and Circadian entrainment. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include DNA-binding transcription factor activity and protein heterodimerization activity. An important paralog of this gene is ARNTL2.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for ARNTL Gene
-
Transcriptional activator which forms a core component of the circadian clock. The circadian clock, an internal time-keeping system, regulates various physiological processes through the generation of approximately 24 hour circadian rhythms in gene expression, which are translated into rhythms in metabolism and behavior. It is derived from the Latin roots 'circa' (about) and 'diem' (day) and acts as an important regulator of a wide array of physiological functions including metabolism, sleep, body temperature, blood pressure, endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, and renal function. Consists of two major components: the central clock, residing in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain, and the peripheral clocks that are present in nearly every tissue and organ system. Both the central and peripheral clocks can be reset by environmental cues, also known as Zeitgebers (German for 'timegivers'). The predominant Zeitgeber for the central clock is light, which is sensed by retina and signals directly to the SCN. The central clock entrains the peripheral clocks through neuronal and hormonal signals, body temperature and feeding-related cues, aligning all clocks with the external light/dark cycle. Circadian rhythms allow an organism to achieve temporal homeostasis with its environment at the molecular level by regulating gene expression to create a peak of protein expression once every 24 hours to control when a particular physiological process is most active with respect to the solar day. Transcription and translation of core clock components (CLOCK, NPAS2, ARNTL/BMAL1, ARNTL2/BMAL2, PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1 and CRY2) plays a critical role in rhythm generation, whereas delays imposed by post-translational modifications (PTMs) are important for determining the period (tau) of the rhythms (tau refers to the period of a rhythm and is the length, in time, of one complete cycle). A diurnal rhythm is synchronized with the day/night cycle, while the ultradian and infradian rhythms have a period shorter and longer than 24 hours, respectively. Disruptions in the circadian rhythms contribute to the pathology of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, metabolic syndromes and aging. A transcription/translation feedback loop (TTFL) forms the core of the molecular circadian clock mechanism. Transcription factors, CLOCK or NPAS2 and ARNTL/BMAL1 or ARNTL2/BMAL2, form the positive limb of the feedback loop, act in the form of a heterodimer and activate the transcription of core clock genes and clock-controlled genes (involved in key metabolic processes), harboring E-box elements (5'-CACGTG-3') within their promoters. The core clock genes: PER1/2/3 and CRY1/2 which are transcriptional repressors form the negative limb of the feedback loop and interact with the CLOCK NPAS2-ARNTL/BMAL1 ARNTL2/BMAL2 heterodimer inhibiting its activity and thereby negatively regulating their own expression. This heterodimer also activates nuclear receptors NR1D1/2 and RORA/B/G, which form a second feedback loop and which activate and repress ARNTL/BMAL1 transcription, respectively. ARNTL/BMAL1 positively regulates myogenesis and negatively regulates adipogenesis via the transcriptional control of the genes of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Plays a role in normal pancreatic beta-cell function; regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via the regulation of antioxidant genes NFE2L2/NRF2 and its targets SESN2, PRDX3, CCLC and CCLM. Negatively regulates the mTORC1 signaling pathway; regulates the expression of MTOR and DEPTOR. Controls diurnal oscillations of Ly6C inflammatory monocytes; rhythmic recruitment of the PRC2 complex imparts diurnal variation to chemokine expression that is necessary to sustain Ly6C monocyte rhythms. Regulates the expression of HSD3B2, STAR, PTGS2, CYP11A1, CYP19A1 and LHCGR in the ovary and also the genes involved in hair growth. Plays an important role in adult hippocampal neurogenesis by regulating the timely entry of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) into the cell cycle and the number of cell divisions that take place prior to cell-cycle exit. Regulates the circadian expression of CIART and KLF11. The CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer regulates the circadian expression of SERPINE1/PAI1, VWF, B3, CCRN4L/NOC, NAMPT, DBP, MYOD1, PPARGC1A, PPARGC1B, SIRT1, GYS2, F7, NGFR, GNRHR, BHLHE40/DEC1, ATF4, MTA1, KLF10 and also genes implicated in glucose and lipid metabolism. Promotes rhythmic chromatin opening, regulating the DNA accessibility of other transcription factors. The NPAS2-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer positively regulates the expression of MAOA, F7 and LDHA and modulates the circadian rhythm of daytime contrast sensitivity by regulating the rhythmic expression of adenylate cyclase type 1 (ADCY1) in the retina. The preferred binding motif for the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer is 5'-CACGTGA-3', which contains a flanking Ala residue in addition to the canonical 6-nucleotide E-box sequence (PubMed:23229515). CLOCK specifically binds to the half-site 5'-CAC-3', while ARNTL binds to the half-site 5'-GTGA-3' (PubMed:23229515). The CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer also recognizes the non-canonical E-box motifs 5'-AACGTGA-3' and 5'-CATGTGA-3' (PubMed:23229515). Essential for the rhythmic interaction of CLOCK with ASS1 and plays a critical role in positively regulating CLOCK-mediated acetylation of ASS1 (PubMed:28985504). Plays a role in protecting against lethal sepsis by limiting the expression of immune checkpoint protein CD274 in macrophages in a PKM2-dependent manner (By similarity). Regulates the diurnal rhythms of skeletal muscle metabolism via transcriptional activation of genes promoting triglyceride synthesis (DGAT2) and metabolic efficiency (COQ10B) (By similarity).
Additional gene information for ARNTL Gene
- Monarch Initiative
- Search for ARNTL at DataMed
- Search for ARNTL at HumanCyc
No data available for CIViC Summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for ARNTL Gene
Genomics for ARNTL Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements for ARNTL Gene
Promoters and enhancers for ARNTL Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication |
Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around ARNTL on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the ARNTL gene promoter:
-
- CREB
- deltaCREB
- p300
Genomic Locations for ARNTL Gene
Genomic Locations for ARNTL Gene
- chr11:13,276,652-13,387,811
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 111,160 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
- chr11:13,298,199-13,408,813
- (GRCh37/hg19)
- Size:
- 110,615 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
Genomic View for ARNTL Gene
Genes around ARNTL on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 11p15.3 by HGNC
- 11p15.3 by Entrez Gene
- 11p15.3 by Ensembl
ARNTL Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for ARNTL Gene
Proteins for ARNTL Gene
-
Protein details for ARNTL Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- O00327-BMAL1_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1
- Protein Accession:
- O00327
- A2I2N6
- A8K645
- B5ME11
- B7WPG7
- D3DQW6
- O00313
- O00314
- O00315
- O00316
- O00317
- Q4G136
- Q8IUT4
- Q99631
- Q99649
Protein attributes for ARNTL Gene
- Size:
- 626 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 68762 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Component of the circadian clock oscillator which includes the CRY1/2 proteins, CLOCK or NPAS2, ARNTL/BMAL1 or ARNTL2/BMAL2, CSNK1D and/or CSNK1E, TIMELESS and the PER1/2/3 proteins (By similarity). Forms a heterodimer with CLOCK (PubMed:9616112, PubMed:23229515). The CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer is required for E-box-dependent transactivation, for CLOCK nuclear translocation and degradation, and, for phosphorylation of both CLOCK and ARNTL/BMAL1 (By similarity). Part of a nuclear complex which also includes RACK1 and PRKCA; RACK1 and PRKCA are recruited to the complex in a circadian manner (By similarity). Interacts with NPAS2 (By similarity). Interacts with EZH2 (By similarity). Interacts with SUMO3 (By similarity). Interacts with SIRT1 (By similarity). Interacts with AHR (PubMed:9079689). Interacts with ID1, ID2 and ID3 (By similarity). Interacts with DDX4 (By similarity). Interacts with OGT (By similarity). Interacts with EED and SUZ12 (By similarity). Interacts with MTA1 (By similarity). Interacts with CIART (PubMed:24385426). Interacts with HSP90 (PubMed:9079689). Interacts with KAT2B and EP300 (PubMed:14645221). Interacts with BHLHE40/DEC1 and BHLHE41/DEC2 (By similarity). Interacts with RELB and the interaction is enhanced in the presence of CLOCK (By similarity). Interacts with PER1, PER2, CRY1 and CRY2 and this interaction requires a translocation to the nucleus (By similarity). Interaction of the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer with PER or CRY inhibits transcription activation (By similarity). Interaction of the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 with CRY1 is independent of DNA but with PER2 is off DNA (By similarity). The CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer interacts with GSK3B (By similarity). Interacts with KDM5A (PubMed:21960634). Interacts with KMT2A; in a circadian manner (By similarity). Interacts with UBE3A (PubMed:24728990). Interacts with PRKCG (By similarity). Interacts with MAGEL2 (By similarity). Interacts with NCOA2 (By similarity). Interacts with THRAP3 (By similarity). The CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer interacts with PASD1 (PubMed:25936801). Interacts with PASD1 (PubMed:25936801). Interacts with USP9X (PubMed:29626158). Interacts with PIWIL2 (via PIWI domain) (PubMed:28903391). Interacts with HDAC3 (By similarity). Interacts with HNF4A (PubMed:30530698).
- Miscellaneous:
-
- CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 double mutations within the PAS domains result in synergistic desensitization to high levels of CRY on repression of CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 transcriptional activity of PER1 and, disrupt circadian rhythmicity.
Protein Expression for ARNTL Gene
Post-translational modifications for ARNTL Gene
- Ubiquitinated, leading to its proteasomal degradation (PubMed:24728990). Deubiquitinated by USP9X (PubMed:29626158).
- O-glycosylated; contains O-GlcNAc. O-glycosylation by OGT prevents protein degradation by inhibiting ubiquitination. It also stabilizes the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer thereby increasing CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1-mediated transcription of genes in the negative loop of the circadian clock such as PER1/2/3 and CRY1/2.
- Acetylated on Lys-538 upon dimerization with CLOCK. Acetylation facilitates CRY1-mediated repression. Deacetylated by SIRT1, which may result in decreased protein stability.
- Phosphorylated upon dimerization with CLOCK. Phosphorylation enhances the transcriptional activity, alters the subcellular localization and decreases the stability of the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer by promoting its degradation. Phosphorylation shows circadian variations in the liver with a peak between CT10 to CT14. Phosphorylation at Ser-90 by CK2 is essential for its nuclear localization, its interaction with CLOCK and controls CLOCK nuclear entry (By similarity). Dephosphorylation at Ser-78 is important for dimerization with CLOCK and transcriptional activity (PubMed:23229515).
- Sumoylated on Lys-259 upon dimerization with CLOCK. Predominantly conjugated to poly-SUMO2/3 rather than SUMO1 and the level of these conjugates undergo rhythmic variation, peaking at CT9-CT12. Sumoylation localizes it exclusively to the PML body and promotes its ubiquitination in the PML body, ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation and the transcriptional activity of the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer.
- Undergoes lysosome-mediated degradation in a time-dependent manner in the liver.
- Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus
- Modification sites at neXtProt
Other Protein References for ARNTL Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
-
- XP_024304290.1
- NP_001169.3
- NP_001338746.1
- NP_001338736.1
- XP_011518407.2
- NP_001025443.1
- NP_001338741.1
- NP_001338751.1
- XP_016873233.1
- XP_011518413.1
- NP_001338744.1
- NP_001338734.1
- NP_001284651.1
- NP_001338747.1
- NP_001338737.1
- XP_006718297.1
- XP_011518411.1
- XP_016873228.1
- XP_011518409.2
- NP_001338742.1
- NP_001338752.1
- NP_001284653.1
- NP_001338745.1
- NP_001338735.1
- NP_001025444.1
- XP_016873230.1
- NP_001338748.1
- NP_001338738.1
- XP_016873237.1
- XP_016873227.1
- NP_001284648.1
- NP_001338740.1
- NP_001338750.1
- NP_001338743.1
- NP_001338753.1
- NP_001338733.1
- NP_001338749.1
- NP_001338739.1
Antibody Products
- G Biosciences Immunotag™ Phospho-BMAL1 (Ser42) Antibody and Immunotag™ BMAL1 Antibody
- Atlas Antibodies Anti-ARNTL Antibody
- GeneTex Anti-BMAL1 antibody [N1N3] and Anti-BMAL1 antibody [C1C3]
-
Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for ARNTL
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for ARNTL
-
Abcam antibodies for ARNTL
- Invitrogen Antibodies for ARNTL (AFLGC-ARNTL)
- antibodies-online: Show 29 available ARNTL Antibodies ranked by validation data
- Compare Top ARNTL Antibodies
-
Recommended
- 110 WB Antibodies (anti-human)
- 3 FACS Antibodies (anti-human)
- 1 DB Antibody (anti-human)
- 1 IF Antibody (anti-human)
- 1 IHC (p) Antibody (anti-human)
- 53 WB Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 3 FACS Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 1 IHC (p) Antibody (anti-rat)
- 51 WB Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 3 FACS Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 1 IHC (p) Antibody (anti-mouse)
-
Boster Bio Antibodies for ARNTL
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for ARNTL
Protein Products
- Atlas Antibodies PrEST Antigen ARNTL
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for ARNTL
- Origene Custom Protein Services for ARNTL
-
Abcam proteins for ARNTL
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for ARNTL Gene
Domains & Families for ARNTL Gene
Gene Families for ARNTL Gene
- HGNC:
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Predicted intracellular proteins
- Predicted secreted proteins
- Transcription factors
Protein Domains for ARNTL Gene
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for ARNTL Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
-
- cDNA FLJ38430 fis, clone FEBRA2013699, highly similar to Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nucleartranslocator-like protein 1 (A2I2N6_HUMAN)
- bHLH-PAS protein JAP3 (BMAL1_HUMAN)
No data available for Graphical View of Domain Structure and UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for ARNTL Gene
Function for ARNTL Gene
Molecular function for ARNTL Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Transcriptional activator which forms a core component of the circadian clock. The circadian clock, an internal time-keeping system, regulates various physiological processes through the generation of approximately 24 hour circadian rhythms in gene expression, which are translated into rhythms in metabolism and behavior. It is derived from the Latin roots 'circa' (about) and 'diem' (day) and acts as an important regulator of a wide array of physiological functions including metabolism, sleep, body temperature, blood pressure, endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, and renal function. Consists of two major components: the central clock, residing in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain, and the peripheral clocks that are present in nearly every tissue and organ system. Both the central and peripheral clocks can be reset by environmental cues, also known as Zeitgebers (German for 'timegivers'). The predominant Zeitgeber for the central clock is light, which is sensed by retina and signals directly to the SCN. The central clock entrains the peripheral clocks through neuronal and hormonal signals, body temperature and feeding-related cues, aligning all clocks with the external light/dark cycle. Circadian rhythms allow an organism to achieve temporal homeostasis with its environment at the molecular level by regulating gene expression to create a peak of protein expression once every 24 hours to control when a particular physiological process is most active with respect to the solar day. Transcription and translation of core clock components (CLOCK, NPAS2, ARNTL/BMAL1, ARNTL2/BMAL2, PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1 and CRY2) plays a critical role in rhythm generation, whereas delays imposed by post-translational modifications (PTMs) are important for determining the period (tau) of the rhythms (tau refers to the period of a rhythm and is the length, in time, of one complete cycle). A diurnal rhythm is synchronized with the day/night cycle, while the ultradian and infradian rhythms have a period shorter and longer than 24 hours, respectively. Disruptions in the circadian rhythms contribute to the pathology of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, metabolic syndromes and aging. A transcription/translation feedback loop (TTFL) forms the core of the molecular circadian clock mechanism. Transcription factors, CLOCK or NPAS2 and ARNTL/BMAL1 or ARNTL2/BMAL2, form the positive limb of the feedback loop, act in the form of a heterodimer and activate the transcription of core clock genes and clock-controlled genes (involved in key metabolic processes), harboring E-box elements (5'-CACGTG-3') within their promoters. The core clock genes: PER1/2/3 and CRY1/2 which are transcriptional repressors form the negative limb of the feedback loop and interact with the CLOCK NPAS2-ARNTL/BMAL1 ARNTL2/BMAL2 heterodimer inhibiting its activity and thereby negatively regulating their own expression. This heterodimer also activates nuclear receptors NR1D1/2 and RORA/B/G, which form a second feedback loop and which activate and repress ARNTL/BMAL1 transcription, respectively. ARNTL/BMAL1 positively regulates myogenesis and negatively regulates adipogenesis via the transcriptional control of the genes of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Plays a role in normal pancreatic beta-cell function; regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via the regulation of antioxidant genes NFE2L2/NRF2 and its targets SESN2, PRDX3, CCLC and CCLM. Negatively regulates the mTORC1 signaling pathway; regulates the expression of MTOR and DEPTOR. Controls diurnal oscillations of Ly6C inflammatory monocytes; rhythmic recruitment of the PRC2 complex imparts diurnal variation to chemokine expression that is necessary to sustain Ly6C monocyte rhythms. Regulates the expression of HSD3B2, STAR, PTGS2, CYP11A1, CYP19A1 and LHCGR in the ovary and also the genes involved in hair growth. Plays an important role in adult hippocampal neurogenesis by regulating the timely entry of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) into the cell cycle and the number of cell divisions that take place prior to cell-cycle exit. Regulates the circadian expression of CIART and KLF11. The CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer regulates the circadian expression of SERPINE1/PAI1, VWF, B3, CCRN4L/NOC, NAMPT, DBP, MYOD1, PPARGC1A, PPARGC1B, SIRT1, GYS2, F7, NGFR, GNRHR, BHLHE40/DEC1, ATF4, MTA1, KLF10 and also genes implicated in glucose and lipid metabolism. Promotes rhythmic chromatin opening, regulating the DNA accessibility of other transcription factors. The NPAS2-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer positively regulates the expression of MAOA, F7 and LDHA and modulates the circadian rhythm of daytime contrast sensitivity by regulating the rhythmic expression of adenylate cyclase type 1 (ADCY1) in the retina. The preferred binding motif for the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer is 5'-CACGTGA-3', which contains a flanking Ala residue in addition to the canonical 6-nucleotide E-box sequence (PubMed:23229515). CLOCK specifically binds to the half-site 5'-CAC-3', while ARNTL binds to the half-site 5'-GTGA-3' (PubMed:23229515). The CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer also recognizes the non-canonical E-box motifs 5'-AACGTGA-3' and 5'-CATGTGA-3' (PubMed:23229515). Essential for the rhythmic interaction of CLOCK with ASS1 and plays a critical role in positively regulating CLOCK-mediated acetylation of ASS1 (PubMed:28985504). Plays a role in protecting against lethal sepsis by limiting the expression of immune checkpoint protein CD274 in macrophages in a PKM2-dependent manner (By similarity). Regulates the diurnal rhythms of skeletal muscle metabolism via transcriptional activation of genes promoting triglyceride synthesis (DGAT2) and metabolic efficiency (COQ10B) (By similarity).
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot EnzymeRegulation:
- There is conflicting data about the effect of NAD cofactors on activity. PubMed:11441146 suggests that the redox state of the cell can modulate the transcriptional activity of the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer; NADH and NADPH enhance the DNA-binding activity of the heterodimer. PubMed:23229515 reports that NADH and NADPH have no significant effect on DNA-binding activity of the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer.
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for ARNTL Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000976 | transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | ISS | -- |
| GO:0000978 | RNA polymerase II proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding | IEA | -- |
| GO:0000980 | RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding | ISS | -- |
| GO:0000981 | DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | ISS,NAS | 19274049 |
| GO:0001228 | DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | IEA | -- |
Phenotypes for ARNTL Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for ARNTL:
-
inferred from 7 alleles
- cardiovascular system phenotype
- respiratory system phenotype
- limbs/digits/tail phenotype
- vision/eye phenotype
- homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- nervous system phenotype
- behavior/neurological phenotype
- integument phenotype
- endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
- mortality/aging
- cellular phenotype
- muscle phenotype
- liver/biliary system phenotype
- reproductive system phenotype
- skeleton phenotype
- renal/urinary system phenotype
- adipose tissue phenotype
- hematopoietic system phenotype
- immune system phenotype
- growth/size/body region phenotype
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for ARNTL:
-
- Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)
- Decreased cell number
- Negative genetic interaction between PTTG1-/- and PTTG1+/+
- Negative genetic interaction between PTEN-/- and PTEN+/+
- Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)
- Decreased viability
- no effect
- Increased vaccinia virus (VACV) infection
- Decreased NF-kappaB reporter expression
- Increased viability
Animal Models for ARNTL Gene
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for ARNTL - Select products 50% OFF >
- * ARNTL CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * ARNTL CRISPR applications: KO, Activation, Repression, and more - Browse All
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for ARNTL
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for ARNTL
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search for available ARNTL gRNA products
- Overview of 178 available ARNTL gene related products
-
Recommended
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for ARNTL
miRNA for ARNTL Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target ARNTL
-
- hsa-mir-494-3p (MIRT006653)
- hsa-mir-142-3p (MIRT006654)
- hsa-mir-335-5p (MIRT018183)
- hsa-mir-3674 (MIRT494635)
- hsa-mir-6844 (MIRT494636)
- hsa-mir-6073 (MIRT494637)
- hsa-mir-6505-3p (MIRT494638)
- hsa-mir-4280 (MIRT494639)
- hsa-mir-3591-3p (MIRT494640)
- hsa-mir-21-3p (MIRT494641)
- hsa-mir-548x-3p (MIRT494642)
- hsa-mir-548j-3p (MIRT494643)
- hsa-mir-548aq-3p (MIRT494644)
- hsa-mir-548am-3p (MIRT494645)
- hsa-mir-548aj-3p (MIRT494646)
- hsa-mir-548ah-3p (MIRT494647)
- hsa-mir-548ae-3p (MIRT494648)
- hsa-mir-548z (MIRT494649)
- hsa-mir-548h-3p (MIRT494650)
- hsa-mir-548d-3p (MIRT494651)
- hsa-mir-548bb-3p (MIRT494652)
- hsa-mir-548ac (MIRT494653)
- hsa-mir-513a-5p (MIRT539082)
- hsa-mir-3607-3p (MIRT539083)
- hsa-mir-4494 (MIRT539084)
- hsa-mir-5582-3p (MIRT539085)
- hsa-mir-548f-3p (MIRT539086)
- hsa-mir-548e-3p (MIRT539087)
- hsa-mir-548az-3p (MIRT539088)
- hsa-mir-548ar-3p (MIRT539089)
- hsa-mir-548a-3p (MIRT539090)
- hsa-mir-27b-3p (MIRT539091)
- hsa-mir-27a-3p (MIRT539092)
Targeted motifs for ARNTL Gene
HOMER Transcription Factor Regulatory Elements motif ARNTL
- Consensus sequence: GNCACGTG Submotif: canonical Cell Type: Liver GEO ID: GSE39860
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene sirna, shrna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for ARNTL
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For ARNTL
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for ARNTL
- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search for available ARNTL shRNA products
- Overview of 178 available ARNTL gene related products
-
Recommended
Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for ARNTL - Select products 50% OFF >
- * ARNTL as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Retro- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * ARNTL tags and reporters available: His, HA, Myc, Flag, GFP, RFP, Luciferase - Browse All
-
- MG209553
- MR209553
- MR209553L3
- MR209553L3V
- MR209553L4
- MR209553L4V
- MR230678
- RC204464
- RC204464L1
- RC204464L1V
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- RC217474
- RC217474L3
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- RC238979
- RC239139
- RC239140
- RG204464
- RG207870
- RG217474
- RR210481
- RR210481L1
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- RR210481L2
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- RR210481L3
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- RR210481L4
- RR210481L4V
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
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- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search for available ARNTL CDNA products
- Overview of 178 available ARNTL gene related products
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Horizon Cell Lines for ARNTL
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology and Transcription Factor Targets for ARNTL Gene
Localization for ARNTL Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for ARNTL Gene
- Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Nucleus, PML body. Note=Shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and this nucleocytoplasmic shuttling is essential for the nuclear accumulation of CLOCK, target gene transcription and the degradation of the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer. The sumoylated form localizes in the PML body. Sequestered to the cytoplasm in the presence of ID2. {ECO:0000250 UniProtKB:Q9WTL8}.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| nucleus | 5 |
| extracellular | 1 |
| mitochondrion | 1 |
| cytosol | 1 |
- Nucleoplasm (3)
- Vesicles (1)
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005634 | nucleus | IDA | 24005054 |
| GO:0005654 | nucleoplasm | TAS | -- |
| GO:0005667 | transcription factor complex | IPI | 9576906 |
| GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IEA | -- |
| GO:0016604 | nuclear body | IEA | -- |
Pathways & Interactions for ARNTL Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | BMAL1-CLOCK,NPAS2 activates circadian gene expression |
.68
|
|
| 2 | Regulation of lipid metabolism by Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) | ||
| 3 | Circadian rhythm |
.30
|
Circadian Clock in Mammals
.30
|
| 4 | Metabolism |
.40
|
|
| 5 | Neuroscience | ||
Pathways by source for ARNTL Gene
5 BioSystems pathways for ARNTL Gene
8 Reactome pathways for ARNTL Gene
2 KEGG pathways for ARNTL Gene
2 Qiagen pathways for ARNTL Gene
- Circadian Clock in Mammals
- Metabolic States and Circadian Oscillators
1 Cell Signaling Technology pathway for ARNTL Gene
Interacting Proteins for ARNTL Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
O00327-BMAL1_HUMAN
ENSP00000384517
for ARNTL Gene via
UniProtKB
STRING
IID
GPS-Prot Interaction Network for ARNTL
SIGNOR curated interactions for ARNTL Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006355 | regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | ISS | -- |
| GO:0006606 | protein import into nucleus | IEA | -- |
| GO:0007283 | spermatogenesis | ISS | -- |
| GO:0007623 | circadian rhythm | TAS | -- |
| GO:0032007 | negative regulation of TOR signaling | ISS | -- |
Drugs & Compounds for ARNTL Gene
| Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
|---|
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs |
|---|
Drug Products
- Atlas Antibodies PrEST Antigen ARNTL
Transcripts for ARNTL Gene
mRNA/cDNA for ARNTL Gene
- (27) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (17) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (107) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (21) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :
-
- ENST00000529050 571 bps (ENST00000529050.5)
- ENST00000534544 807 bps (ENST00000534544.5)
- ENST00000527998 519 bps (ENST00000527998.5)
- ENST00000533520 567 bps (ENST00000533520.5)
- ENST00000529825 551 bps (ENST00000529825.5)
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for ARNTL - Select products 50% OFF >
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- * ARNTL tags and reporters available: His, HA, Myc, Flag, GFP, RFP, Luciferase - Browse All
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- MG209553
- MR209553
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- RR210481
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- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
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| ExUns: | 1 | ^ | 2a | · | 2b | · | 2c | · | 2d | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4 | ^ | 5 | ^ | 6a | · | 6b | · | 6c | · | 6d | ^ | 7a | · | 7b | ^ | 8 | ^ | 9a | · | 9b | ^ | 10 | ^ | 11 | ^ | 12a | · | 12b | ^ | 13 | ^ | 14a | · | 14b | ^ | 15a | · | 15b | ^ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP2: | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP3: | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP4: | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP5: | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP6: | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP7: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP8: | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP9: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP10: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP11: | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP12: | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP13: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP14: | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| ExUns: | 16 | ^ | 17a | · | 17b | · | 17c | ^ | 18a | · | 18b | · | 18c | ^ | 19 | ^ | 20 | ^ | 21 | ^ | 22 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||
| SP2: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||
| SP3: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||
| SP4: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||
| SP5: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||
| SP6: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||
| SP7: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||
| SP8: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||
| SP9: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||
| SP10: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||
| SP11: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| SP12: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| SP13: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||
| SP14: |
Expression for ARNTL Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
This gene is overexpressed in Cardia (56.8) and Placenta (7.8).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, MaxQB, and MOPED for ARNTL Gene
NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of ARNTL Gene:
ARNTLSOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for ARNTL Gene:
Hs.65734mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for ARNTL Gene:
O00327-BMAL1_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Hair follicles (at protein level). Highly expressed in the adult brain, skeletal muscle and heart.
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for ARNTL Gene
- Nervous system(4.9)
- Skin(4.4)
- Liver(3)
- Muscle(2.7)
- Heart(2.3)
- Adrenal gland(2.2)
- Blood(2)
- Eye(2)
- Kidney(2)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for ARNTL
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for ARNTL
- genomics-online: primer clones - Search for available ARNTL Primer products
- Overview of 178 available ARNTL gene related products
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Gene Expression Assay Products
No data available for mRNA differential expression in normal tissues and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for ARNTL Gene
Orthologs for ARNTL Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | ARNTL 33 32 |
|
OneToOne | |
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | ARNTL 33 32 |
|
OneToOne | |
| oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | ARNTL 33 |
|
OneToOne | |
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | ARNTL 33 32 |
|
OneToOne | |
| platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | -- 33 |
|
OneToMany | |
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Arntl 17 33 32 |
|
||
| rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Arntl 32 |
|
||
| chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | ARNTL 33 32 |
|
OneToOne | |
| lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | ARNTL 33 |
|
OneToOne | |
| tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | arntl 32 |
|
||
| African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia | Xl.2098 32 |
|
||
| zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | arntl1a 33 |
|
OneToMany | |
| arntl1b 33 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| -- 32 |
|
||||
| fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | cyc 33 34 32 |
|
OneToMany | |
| African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae) |
Insecta | AgaP_AGAP005655 32 |
|
- Species where no ortholog for ARNTL was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- rice (Oryza sativa)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis)
- sea squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
- worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Evolution for ARNTL Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for ARNTL (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for ARNTL (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for ARNTL: view image
Paralogs for ARNTL Gene
(8) SIMAP similar genes for ARNTL Gene using alignment to 12 proteins:
- BMAL1_HUMAN
- E9PI92_HUMAN
- E9PKF0_HUMAN
- E9PKG7_HUMAN
- E9PKN1_HUMAN
- E9PL54_HUMAN
- E9PNI4_HUMAN
- E9PPV4_HUMAN
- E9PRB1_HUMAN
- E9PSD2_HUMAN
- F8W6J9_HUMAN
- H0YER9_HUMAN
Variants for ARNTL Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 11 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs1000018255 | -- | 13,328,441(+) | T/C | genic_upstream_transcript_variant, intron_variant | |
| rs1000018455 | -- | 13,365,151(+) | T/G | intron_variant | |
| rs1000077389 | -- | 13,314,668(+) | T/G | genic_upstream_transcript_variant, intron_variant | |
| rs1000082255 | -- | 13,335,813(+) | A/G | genic_upstream_transcript_variant, intron_variant | |
| rs1000119372 | -- | 13,339,569(+) | A/G | genic_upstream_transcript_variant, intron_variant |
| Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| dgv1658n54 | CNV | loss | 21841781 |
| dgv1659n54 | CNV | loss | 21841781 |
| esv24912 | CNV | loss | 19812545 |
| esv26686 | CNV | gain | 19812545 |
| esv3625409 | CNV | loss | 21293372 |
| nsv553552 | CNV | gain | 21841781 |
| nsv553554 | CNV | gain | 21841781 |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
15.3% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
0.92;
19.13% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for ARNTL Gene
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for ARNTL Gene
Disorders for ARNTL Gene
Additional Disease Information for ARNTL
- Genetic Association Database
- (GAD)
- Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
- (HuGE)
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
No disorders were found for ARNTL Gene.
No data available for MalaCards , UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for ARNTL Gene
Publications for ARNTL Gene
- cDNA cloning and tissue-specific expression of a novel basic helix-loop-helix/PAS protein (BMAL1) and identification of alternatively spliced variants with alternative translation initiation site usage. (PMID: 9144434) Ikeda M … Nomura M (Biochemical and biophysical research communications 1997) 2 3 4 23 56
- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like (BMAL1) is associated with susceptibility to hypertension and type 2 diabetes. (PMID: 17728404) Woon PY … Gauguier D (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007) 3 23 43 56
- Feedback repression is required for mammalian circadian clock function. (PMID: 16474406) Sato TK … Hogenesch JB (Nature genetics 2006) 3 4 23 56
- Histone acetyltransferase-dependent chromatin remodeling and the vascular clock. (PMID: 14645221) Curtis AM … McNamara P (The Journal of biological chemistry 2004) 3 4 23 56
- Regulation of clock and NPAS2 DNA binding by the redox state of NAD cofactors. (PMID: 11441146) Rutter J … McKnight SL (Science (New York, N.Y.) 2001) 3 4 23 56
ExternalLinks
Products for ARNTL Gene
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- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for ARNTL
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- OriGene CRISPR knockouts for ARNTL
- MG209553
- MR209553
- MR209553L3
- MR209553L3V
- MR209553L4
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- MR230678
- RC204464
- RC204464L1
- RC204464L1V
- RC204464L2
- RC204464L2V
- RC204464L3
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- RC204464L4
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- RC207870
- RC207870L1
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- RC207870L3
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- RC207870L4
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- RC217474
- RC217474L3
- RC217474L3V
- RC217474L4
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- RC238979
- RC239139
- RC239140
- RG204464
- RG207870
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- RR210481
- RR210481L1
- RR210481L1V
- RR210481L2
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- RR210481L3
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- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
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- Invitrogen Antibodies for ARNTL (AFLGC-ARNTL)
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- antibodies-online: Show 29 available ARNTL Antibodies ranked by validation data
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- 53 WB Antibodies (anti-rat)
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- antibodies-online: Show 16 available ARNTL Elisa Kits ranked by validation data
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- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for ARNTL
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- Horizon Cell Lines for ARNTL
- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search for available ARNTL CDNA products
- Overview of 178 available ARNTL gene related products
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- Boster Bio Antibodies for ARNTL
- Browse Boster Bio ELISA Kits
Sources for ARNTL Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) NCBI Entrez Gene
- (4) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) Cell Signaling Technology
- (12) GO
- (13) UniProtKB/TrEMBL
- (14) InterPro
- (15) ProtoNet
- (16) Blocks
- (17) MGI
- (18) IUBMB
- (19) KEGG
- (20) MINT
- (21) STRING
- (22) IntAct
- (23) Novoseek
- (24) PharmGKB
- (25) DrugBank
- (26) HMDB
- (27) AceView
- (28) ASD
- (29) ECgene
- (30) CGAP SAGE
- (31) SOURCE
- (32) HomoloGene
- (33) PanEnsembl
- (34) euGenes
- (35) SGD
- (36) FlyBase
- (37) WormBase
- (38) Pseudogene
- (39) DGV
- (40) dbSNP
- (41) GenAtlas
- (42) HGMD
- (43) GAD
- (44) BGMUT
- (45) HuGE
- (46) Atlas
- (47) GenBank
- (48) H-invDB
- (49) HORDE
- (50) HUGE
- (51) IMGT
- (52) Leiden
- (53) miRBase
- (54) DME
- (55) OriGene
- (56) PubMed
- (57) R&D Systems
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