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The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the epidermal growth factor family. It is an autocrine growth factor as well as a mitogen for astrocytes, Schwann cells and fibroblasts. It is related to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha). The protein interacts with the EGF/TGF-alpha receptor to promote the growth of normal epithelial cells, and it inhibits the growth of certain aggressive carcinoma cell lines. It also functions in mammary gland, oocyte and bone tissue development. This gene is associated with a psoriasis-like skin phenotype, and is also associated with other pathological disorders, including various types of cancers and inflammatory conditions. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]
AREG (Amphiregulin) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with AREG include Ovarian Cystadenoma and Colorectal Cancer. Among its related pathways are NF-KappaB Family Pathway and Activation of cAMP-Dependent PKA. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include cytokine activity and epidermal growth factor receptor binding. An important paralog of this gene is HBEGF.
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005125 | cytokine activity | IEA | -- |
GO:0005154 | epidermal growth factor receptor binding | IEA,IBA | 21873635 |
GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 19740107 |
GO:0008083 | growth factor activity | TAS,IBA | 21873635 |
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0000139 | Golgi membrane | IEA | -- |
GO:0005576 | extracellular region | TAS | -- |
GO:0005615 | extracellular space | TAS,IDA | 12743035 |
GO:0005634 | nucleus | IEA | -- |
GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IEA | -- |
SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts |
Cellular Apoptosis Pathway
.85
Mitochondrial Apoptosis
.85
Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts
.84
p53 Mediated Apoptosis
.84
DHA Signaling
.74
Telomerase Components in Cell Signaling
.72
PPAR Pathway
.66
|
Rac1 Pathway
.65
Glioma Invasiveness
.64
Actin-Based Motility by Rho Family GTPases
.62
ERK5 Signaling
.61
eIF2 Pathway
.60
Rap1 Pathway
.57
Nuclear Receptor Activation by Vitamin-A
.57
|
2 | GPCR Pathway |
Paxillin Interactions
.73
Ras Pathway
.73
GPCR Pathway
.62
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
.59
|
Breast Cancer Regulation by Stathmin1
.58
NFAT in Immune Response
.58
Estrogen Pathway
.55
|
3 | ERK Signaling |
ERK Signaling
.61
Rho Family GTPases
.61
MAPK Signaling
.58
|
Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer
.51
ILK Signaling
.49
|
4 | Transport to the Golgi and subsequent modification | ||
5 | Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency |
GSK3 Signaling
.62
Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency
.62
|
14-3-3 Induced Intracellular Signaling
.59
eNOS Signaling
.48
|
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0000165 | MAPK cascade | TAS | -- |
GO:0006888 | ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport | TAS | -- |
GO:0007165 | signal transduction | TAS | -- |
GO:0007173 | epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway | IEA,TAS | -- |
GO:0007186 | G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | IDA | 12743035 |
Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cetuximab | Approved | Pharma | EGFR Inhibitors, Therapeutic Antibodies, Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors | 869 | ||
Capecitabine | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | RNA processing inhibitor and thymidylate synthase inhibitor, F-pyrimidines | 1669 | ||
Irinotecan | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Topoisomerase I inhibitor, TOPO I inhibitor, Topoisomerase 1 Inhibitors | 1414 | ||
Panitumumab | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | EGFR inhibitor, EGFR Inhibitors, Therapeutic Antibodies, Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors | 238 | ||
radiotherapy | Pharma | 0 |
Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs |
---|
This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.
Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | AREG 30 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | LOC475176 30 |
|
||
-- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | LOC538751 30 |
|
||
-- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Areg 30 17 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Areg 30 |
|
||
Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | -- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | -- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | AREGB 30 |
|
||
AREG 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | -- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | LOC100145251 30 |
|
||
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | AREG 31 |
|
OneToMany |
SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 04 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
790830 | Benign: not provided | 74,446,570(+) | A/G | MISSENSE_VARIANT | |
rs28364979 | - | p.Tyr81Cys | |||
rs373527160 | - | p.Asp80Val |
Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
---|---|---|---|
dgv2829n106 | CNV | deletion | 24896259 |
esv2664200 | CNV | deletion | 23128226 |
nsv1009099 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
nsv1074187 | CNV | deletion | 25765185 |
nsv525980 | CNV | gain | 19592680 |
nsv950052 | CNV | deletion | 24416366 |
Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|
ovarian cystadenoma |
|
|
colorectal cancer |
|
|
psoriasis |
|
|
breast cancer |
|
|
endometrial cancer |
|