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This gene encodes a member of the adenylate kinase family of enzymes. The encoded protein is localized to the mitochondrial matrix. Adenylate kinases regulate the adenine and guanine nucleotide compositions within a cell by catalyzing the reversible transfer of phosphate group among these nucleotides. Five isozymes of adenylate kinase have been identified in vertebrates. Expres... See more...
Aliases for AK4 Gene
Aliases for AK4 Gene
- Adenylate Kinase 4 2 3 5
- Adenylate Kinase 4, Mitochondrial 3 4
- Adenylate Kinase 3-Like 1 2 3
- AK3L1 3 4
- AK 4 3 4
- AK3 3 4
- GTP:AMP Phosphotransferase AK4, Mitochondrial 3
- Adenylate Kinase Isoenzyme 4, Mitochondrial 3
- Epididymis Secretory Sperm Binding Protein 3
- Nucleoside-Triphosphate-Adenylate Kinase 3
External Ids for AK4 Gene
- HGNC: 363
- Entrez Gene: 205
- Ensembl: ENSG00000162433
- OMIM: 103030
- UniProtKB: P27144
Previous HGNC Symbols for AK4 Gene
- AK3
- AK3L1
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for AK4 Gene
- GC01P065614
Summaries for AK4 Gene
-
This gene encodes a member of the adenylate kinase family of enzymes. The encoded protein is localized to the mitochondrial matrix. Adenylate kinases regulate the adenine and guanine nucleotide compositions within a cell by catalyzing the reversible transfer of phosphate group among these nucleotides. Five isozymes of adenylate kinase have been identified in vertebrates. Expression of these isozymes is tissue-specific and developmentally regulated. A pseudogene for this gene has been located on chromosome 17. Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene. Sequence alignment suggests that the gene defined by NM_013410, NM_203464, and NM_001005353 is located on chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
GeneCards Summary for AK4 Gene
AK4 (Adenylate Kinase 4) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with AK4 include Reticular Dysgenesis and Amyloidosis, Familial Visceral. Among its related pathways are ATP/ITP metabolism and Thiamine metabolism. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include GTP binding and adenylate kinase activity. An important paralog of this gene is AK3.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for AK4 Gene
-
Involved in maintaining the homeostasis of cellular nucleotides by catalyzing the interconversion of nucleoside phosphates (PubMed:19073142, PubMed:19766732, PubMed:23416111, PubMed:24767988). Efficiently phosphorylates AMP and dAMP using ATP as phosphate donor, but phosphorylates only AMP when using GTP as phosphate donor (PubMed:19073142, PubMed:19766732, PubMed:23416111). Also displays broad nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity (PubMed:19073142, PubMed:19766732, PubMed:23416111). Plays a role in controlling cellular ATP levels by regulating phosphorylation and activation of the energy sensor protein kinase AMPK (PubMed:24767988, PubMed:26980435). Plays a protective role in the cellular response to oxidative stress (PubMed:19130895, PubMed:23474458, PubMed:26980435).
Additional gene information for AK4 Gene
- HGNC(363)
- Entrez Gene(205)
- Ensembl(ENSG00000162433)
- OMIM(103030)
- UniProtKB(P27144)
- Open Targets Platform(ENSG00000162433)
- Search for AK4 at DataMed
- Search for AK4 at HumanCyc
No data available for CIViC Summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for AK4 Gene
Genomics for AK4 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs
Promoters and enhancers for AK4 Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication |
Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around AK4 on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path
Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for AK4
Genomic Locations for AK4 Gene
Genomic Locations for AK4 Gene
- chr1:65,147,342-65,232,145
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 84,804 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
- chr1:65,613,232-65,697,828
- (GRCh37/hg19)
- Size:
- 84,597 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
Genomic View for AK4 Gene
Genes around AK4 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 1p31.3 by HGNC
- 1p31.3 by Entrez Gene
- 1p31.3 by Ensembl
AK4 Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for AK4 Gene
Proteins for AK4 Gene
-
Protein details for AK4 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P27144-KAD4_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Adenylate kinase 4, mitochondrial
- Protein Accession:
- P27144
- B2R927
- D3DQ62
- Q6IBH4
- Q6NXQ5
- Q8IUU9
Protein attributes for AK4 Gene
- Size:
- 223 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 25268 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Monomer (Ref.17). Interacts with SLC25A5/ANT2 (PubMed:19130895).
Protein Expression for AK4 Gene
Selected DME Specific Peptides for AK4 Gene
- P27144:
-
- FSGTETN
- WLLDGFPR
- DDVTGEPL
- LDGFPRT
- RIAQNFGLQHLSSGH
- SGRVYNLDFNPP
- TGEPLVQQEDDKPEA
- AKPVIELYKSRGVLHQFSGTETN
Post-translational modifications for AK4 Gene
Other Protein References for AK4 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- G Biosciences Immunotag™ AK4 Antibody
-
Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for AK4
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for AK4
- Invitrogen Antibodies for AK4 (AFLGC-AK4)
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for AK4
- Sino Biological Antibodies for AK4
Protein Products
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for AK4
- Origene Custom Protein Services for AK4
- Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins for AK4
- Sino Biological Cell Lysates for AK4
- ProSpec Recombinant Proteins for AK4
- antibodies-online: Show 18 available AK4 Proteins ranked by validation data
- Compare Top AK4 Proteins
Assay Products
- Novus Biologicals ELISA Kits for AK4
- antibodies-online: Search results for available AK4 related products ranked by validation data
Domains & Families for AK4 Gene
Gene Families for AK4 Gene
- HGNC:
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Enzymes
- Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein Domains for AK4 Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
-
- Adenylate kinase
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for AK4 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
-
- Adenylate kinase 3-like (KAD4_HUMAN)
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P27144UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:
KAD4_HUMAN :- Consists of three domains, a large central CORE domain and two small peripheral domains, NMPbind and LID, which undergo movements during catalysis. The LID domain closes over the site of phosphoryl transfer upon GTP/ATP binding. Assembling and dissambling the active center during each catalytic cycle provides an effective means to prevent GTP/ATP hydrolysis.
- Belongs to the adenylate kinase family. AK3 subfamily.
- Domain:
-
- Consists of three domains, a large central CORE domain and two small peripheral domains, NMPbind and LID, which undergo movements during catalysis. The LID domain closes over the site of phosphoryl transfer upon GTP/ATP binding. Assembling and dissambling the active center during each catalytic cycle provides an effective means to prevent GTP/ATP hydrolysis.
- Family:
-
- Belongs to the adenylate kinase family. AK3 subfamily.
Function for AK4 Gene
Molecular function for AK4 Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Involved in maintaining the homeostasis of cellular nucleotides by catalyzing the interconversion of nucleoside phosphates (PubMed:19073142, PubMed:19766732, PubMed:23416111, PubMed:24767988). Efficiently phosphorylates AMP and dAMP using ATP as phosphate donor, but phosphorylates only AMP when using GTP as phosphate donor (PubMed:19073142, PubMed:19766732, PubMed:23416111). Also displays broad nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity (PubMed:19073142, PubMed:19766732, PubMed:23416111). Plays a role in controlling cellular ATP levels by regulating phosphorylation and activation of the energy sensor protein kinase AMPK (PubMed:24767988, PubMed:26980435). Plays a protective role in the cellular response to oxidative stress (PubMed:19130895, PubMed:23474458, PubMed:26980435).
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
- Reaction=a ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate + AMP = a ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate + ADP; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:13749, ChEBI:CHEBI:57930, ChEBI:CHEBI:61557, ChEBI:CHEBI:456215, ChEBI:CHEBI:456216; EC=2.7.4.10; Evidence={ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_03170, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19766732, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23416111};.
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
- Reaction=a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate + ATP = a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate + ADP; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:44640, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, ChEBI:CHEBI:61560, ChEBI:CHEBI:73316, ChEBI:CHEBI:456216; EC=2.7.4.6; Evidence={ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_03170, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19766732, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23416111};.
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
- Reaction=a ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate + ATP = a ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate + ADP; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:18113, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, ChEBI:CHEBI:57930, ChEBI:CHEBI:61557, ChEBI:CHEBI:456216; EC=2.7.4.6; Evidence={ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_03170, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19766732, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23416111};.
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Induction:
- By hypoxia (at protein level).
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot BiophysicochemicalProperties:
- Kinetic parameters: KM=5.3 uM for AMP with ATP as phosphate donor {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19766732}; KM=1.4 uM for AMP with GTP as phosphate donor {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19766732}; KM=507 uM for dAMP with ATP as phosphate donor {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19766732}; Vmax=90 pmol/min/ug enzyme with AMP as substrate and ATP as phosphate donor {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19766732}; Vmax=80 pmol/min/ug enzyme with AMP as substrate and GTP as phosphate donor {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19766732}; Vmax=88 pmol/min/ug enzyme with dAMP as substrate and ATP as phosphate donor {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19766732};
Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) for AK4 Gene
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for AK4 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000166 | nucleotide binding | IEA | -- |
| GO:0004017 | NOT adenylate kinase activity | IDA | 11485571 |
| GO:0004550 | nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity | IEA,IDA | 23416111 |
| GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 19130895 |
| GO:0005524 | ATP binding | IEA | -- |
Phenotypes for AK4 Gene
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for AK4:
-
- Increased vaccinia virus (VACV) infection
- no effect
- Strongly decreased CFP-tsO45G cell surface transport
- Increased NF-kappaB reporter expression
- Increased shRNA abundance
- Increased transcriptional activity
- Decreased vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection
- Decreased human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) strain AD169 replication
- Transferrin accumulation in the perinuclear area
- Condensed cis-Golgi, condensed trans-Golgi
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for AK4 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * AK4 CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for AK4
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for AK4
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for AK4
miRNA for AK4 Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target AK4
-
- mmu-miR-181b-5p (MIRT005301)
- mmu-miR-7b-5p (MIRT009108)
- mmu-miR-15a-5p (MIRT011587)
- mmu-miR-9-5p (MIRT015186)
- hsa-miR-26b-5p (MIRT030106)
- hsa-miR-24-3p (MIRT030613)
- hsa-miR-3591-5p (MIRT195223)
- hsa-miR-4668-5p (MIRT441401)
- hsa-miR-3613-3p (MIRT441402)
- hsa-miR-665 (MIRT508921)
- hsa-miR-6821-5p (MIRT508922)
- hsa-miR-4650-3p (MIRT508923)
- hsa-miR-7160-5p (MIRT508924)
- hsa-miR-202-3p (MIRT508925)
- hsa-miR-98-5p (MIRT508926)
- hsa-miR-4500 (MIRT508927)
- hsa-miR-4458 (MIRT508928)
- hsa-let-7i-5p (MIRT508929)
- hsa-let-7g-5p (MIRT508930)
- hsa-let-7f-5p (MIRT508931)
- hsa-let-7e-5p (MIRT508932)
- hsa-let-7d-5p (MIRT508933)
- hsa-let-7c-5p (MIRT508934)
- hsa-let-7b-5p (MIRT508935)
- hsa-let-7a-5p (MIRT508936)
- hsa-miR-6884-5p (MIRT508937)
- hsa-miR-485-5p (MIRT508938)
- hsa-miR-219b-3p (MIRT508939)
- hsa-miR-7162-3p (MIRT508940)
- hsa-miR-6831-5p (MIRT508941)
- hsa-miR-3927-3p (MIRT508942)
- hsa-miR-4478 (MIRT508943)
- hsa-miR-4419b (MIRT508944)
- hsa-miR-5197-3p (MIRT508945)
- hsa-miR-3929 (MIRT508946)
- hsa-miR-5010-3p (MIRT560201)
- hsa-miR-592 (MIRT560202)
- hsa-miR-4711-3p (MIRT560203)
- hsa-miR-342-3p (MIRT560204)
- hsa-miR-4280 (MIRT560205)
- hsa-miR-4519 (MIRT560206)
- hsa-miR-3714 (MIRT560207)
- hsa-miR-6768-3p (MIRT560208)
- hsa-miR-4484 (MIRT560209)
- hsa-miR-548an (MIRT560210)
- hsa-miR-3686 (MIRT568563)
- hsa-miR-142-3p (MIRT568564)
- hsa-miR-3607-3p (MIRT568565)
- hsa-miR-95-5p (MIRT568566)
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for AK4
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For AK4
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for AK4
Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for AK4 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * AK4 as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Retro- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
- MG221761
- MG221762
- MG221763
- MG221764
- MR221761
- MR221761L3
- MR221761L4
- MR221762
- MR221762L3
- MR221762L4
- MR221763
- MR221763L3
- MR221763L4
- MR221764
- MR221764L3
- MR221764L4
- RC206782
- RC206782L3
- RC206782L4
- RC220572
- RC220572L1
- RC220572L2
- RC220572L3
- RC220572L4
- RC224463
- RC224463L3
- RC224463L4
- RG206782
- RG220572
- RG224463
- RR210557
- RR210557L3
- RR210557L4
- MR221761L3V
- MR221761L4V
- MR221762L3V
- MR221762L4V
- MR221763L3V
- MR221763L4V
- MR221764L3V
- MR221764L4V
- RC206782L3V
- RC206782L4V
- RC220572L1V
- RC220572L2V
- RC220572L3V
- RC220572L4V
- RC224463L3V
- RC224463L4V
- RR210557L3V
- RR210557L4V
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for AK4
- Addgene plasmids for AK4
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for AK4
No data available for Human Phenotype Ontology , Animal Models , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for AK4 Gene
Localization for AK4 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for AK4 Gene
- Mitochondrion matrix.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| mitochondrion | 5 |
| plasma membrane | 2 |
| extracellular | 2 |
| cytoskeleton | 2 |
| nucleus | 2 |
| cytosol | 2 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 1 |
| endosome | 1 |
| lysosome | 1 |
- Mitochondria (3)
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IBA | 21873635 |
| GO:0005739 | mitochondrion | IDA | 19766732 |
| GO:0005759 | mitochondrial matrix | ISS,TAS | -- |
Pathways & Interactions for AK4 Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | purine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis | ||
| 2 | Metabolism |
.40
|
|
| 3 | Metabolism of nucleotides | ||
| 4 | Thiamine metabolism | ||
| 5 | Tenofovir/Adefovir Pathway, Pharmacokinetics | ||
Pathways by source for AK4 Gene
3 BioSystems pathways for AK4 Gene
3 Reactome pathways for AK4 Gene
1 PharmGKB pathway for AK4 Gene
3 KEGG pathways for AK4 Gene
1 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) pathway for AK4 Gene
- ATP/ITP metabolism
Interacting Proteins for AK4 Gene
GPS-Prot Interaction Network for AK4
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0001889 | liver development | IEA | -- |
| GO:0002082 | regulation of oxidative phosphorylation | IMP | 26980435 |
| GO:0006139 | nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process | IEA | -- |
| GO:0006163 | purine nucleotide metabolic process | IBA | 21873635 |
| GO:0006165 | nucleoside diphosphate phosphorylation | IDA | 23416111 |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for AK4 Gene
Drugs & Compounds for AK4 Gene
| Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adefovir dipivoxil | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Enzyme, substrate | 97 | ||
| Tenofovir disoproxil | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Enzyme, substrate | 0 | ||
| Adenosine monophosphate | Approved, Investigational | Nutra | 0 | |||
| ATP | Investigational | Nutra | Agonist, Activator, Partial agonist, Antagonist, Full agonist, Gating inhibitor, Pore Blocker, Potentiation | 0 |
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADP |
|
Agonist, Full agonist, Partial agonist, Gating inhibitor, Antagonist | 58-64-0 |
|
||
| dADP |
|
2793-06-8 |
|
|||
| Deoxyadenosine monophosphate |
|
653-63-4 |
|
Transcripts for AK4 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for AK4 Gene
- 4 REFSEQ mRNAs :
- 20 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
- 8 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :
-
- ENST00000497030 834 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000470888 1043 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000546702 1335 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000327299 6845 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000474968 928 nts (view in UCSC)
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for AK4 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * AK4 CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for AK4
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for AK4
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for AK4
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for AK4
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For AK4
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for AK4
Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for AK4 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * AK4 as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Retro- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
- MG221761
- MG221762
- MG221763
- MG221764
- MR221761
- MR221761L3
- MR221761L4
- MR221762
- MR221762L3
- MR221762L4
- MR221763
- MR221763L3
- MR221763L4
- MR221764
- MR221764L3
- MR221764L4
- RC206782
- RC206782L3
- RC206782L4
- RC220572
- RC220572L1
- RC220572L2
- RC220572L3
- RC220572L4
- RC224463
- RC224463L3
- RC224463L4
- RG206782
- RG220572
- RG224463
- RR210557
- RR210557L3
- RR210557L4
- MR221761L3V
- MR221761L4V
- MR221762L3V
- MR221762L4V
- MR221763L3V
- MR221763L4V
- MR221764L3V
- MR221764L4V
- RC206782L3V
- RC206782L4V
- RC220572L1V
- RC220572L2V
- RC220572L3V
- RC220572L4V
- RC224463L3V
- RC224463L4V
- RR210557L3V
- RR210557L4V
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for AK4
- Addgene plasmids for AK4
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for AK4
Relevant External Links for AK4 Gene
- GeneLoc Exon Structure for
- AK4
Expression for AK4 Gene
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for AK4 Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Kidney - Cortex (x5.8).
This gene is overexpressed in Kidney (17.1) and Heart (6.9).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, MaxQB, and MOPED for AK4 Gene
Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for AK4
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for AK4 Gene:
Hs.10862mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for AK4 Gene:
P27144-KAD4_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Highly expressed in kidney, moderately expressed in heart and liver and weakly expressed in brain.
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for AK4 Gene
- Nervous system(4.8)
- Liver(4.5)
- Intestine(4.4)
- Lung(4.3)
- Kidney(4.1)
- Heart(2.9)
- Muscle(2.7)
- Skin(2.4)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for AK4
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for AK4
Gene Expression Assay Products
No data available for mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for AK4 Gene
Orthologs for AK4 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals and fungi.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | AK4 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | AK4 30 |
|
||
| -- 31 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | AK4 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Ak4 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Ak4 30 |
|
||
| Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | AK4 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | AK4 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | AK4 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | AK4 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | ak4 30 |
|
||
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | ak4 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) |
Actinopterygii | Omy.4221 30 |
|
||
| Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | Adk3 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
| Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | ZK673.2 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
| Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) |
Saccharomycetes | ADK2 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
| Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | CSA.8262 31 |
|
OneToMany |
- Species where no ortholog for AK4 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- Corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
- Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- Pig (Sus scrofa)
- Rice (Oryza sativa)
- Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis)
- Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- Soybean (Glycine max)
- Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Evolution for AK4 Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for AK4 (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for AK4 (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for AK4: view image
Paralogs for AK4 Gene
(2) SIMAP similar genes for AK4 Gene using alignment to 3 proteins:
- KAD4_HUMAN
- D3DQ64_HUMAN
- K4Q5R3_HUMAN
Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for AK4 Gene
Variants for AK4 Gene
| Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| dgv173n100 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
| esv2230166 | CNV | deletion | 18987734 |
| esv2446769 | CNV | deletion | 19546169 |
| esv2658072 | CNV | deletion | 23128226 |
| esv2676423 | CNV | deletion | 23128226 |
| esv3563237 | CNV | deletion | 23714750 |
| esv3577906 | CNV | loss | 25503493 |
| esv3586276 | CNV | loss | 21293372 |
| esv3586277 | CNV | loss | 21293372 |
| nsv1137767 | CNV | deletion | 24896259 |
| nsv1146559 | CNV | deletion | 26484159 |
| nsv522027 | CNV | loss | 19592680 |
| nsv945982 | CNV | duplication | 23825009 |
| nsv945983 | CNV | duplication | 23825009 |
| nsv945984 | CNV | duplication | 23825009 |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
48.2% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
7.29;
81.32% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for AK4 Gene
- SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
- AK4
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for AK4 Gene
Disorders for AK4 Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| reticular dysgenesis |
|
|
| amyloidosis, familial visceral |
|
|
Search AK4 in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Additional Disease Information for AK4
- Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
- (HuGE)
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
- Open Targets Platform
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for AK4 Gene
Publications for AK4 Gene
- Structure and expression of human mitochondrial adenylate kinase targeted to the mitochondrial matrix. (PMID: 11485571) Noma T … Yoshinobu K (The Biochemical journal 2001) 2 3 4 23
- Characterization of human adenylate kinase 3 (AK3) cDNA and mapping of the AK3 pseudogene to an intron of the NF1 gene. (PMID: 1639383) Xu G … White R (Genomics 1992) 3 4 23
- Modulation of anti-cancer drug sensitivity through the regulation of mitochondrial activity by adenylate kinase 4. (PMID: 26980435) Fujisawa K … Sakaida I (Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 2016) 3 4
- A mitochondrial RNAi screen defines cellular bioenergetic determinants and identifies an adenylate kinase as a key regulator of ATP levels. (PMID: 24767988) Lanning NJ … MacKeigan JP (Cell reports 2014) 3 4
- The human adenylate kinase 9 is a nucleoside mono- and diphosphate kinase. (PMID: 23416111) Amiri M … Solaroli N (The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 2013) 3 4
ExternalLinks
Products for AK4 Gene
- Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for AK4
- Browse OriGene ELISA Kits
- Custom Assay Services
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for AK4
- Origene Custom Protein Services for AK4
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for AK4
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For AK4
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for AK4
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for AK4
- OriGene CRISPR knockouts for AK4
- MG221761
- MG221762
- MG221763
- MG221764
- MR221761
- MR221761L3
- MR221761L4
- MR221762
- MR221762L3
- MR221762L4
- MR221763
- MR221763L3
- MR221763L4
- MR221764
- MR221764L3
- MR221764L4
- RC206782
- RC206782L3
- RC206782L4
- RC220572
- RC220572L1
- RC220572L2
- RC220572L3
- RC220572L4
- RC224463
- RC224463L3
- RC224463L4
- RG206782
- RG220572
- RG224463
- RR210557
- RR210557L3
- RR210557L4
- MR221761L3V
- MR221761L4V
- MR221762L3V
- MR221762L4V
- MR221763L3V
- MR221763L4V
- MR221764L3V
- MR221764L4V
- RC206782L3V
- RC206782L4V
- RC220572L1V
- RC220572L2V
- RC220572L3V
- RC220572L4V
- RC224463L3V
- RC224463L4V
- RR210557L3V
- RR210557L4V
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Browse OriGene miRNA Products For AK4
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for AK4
- Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins for AK4
- Sino Biological Cell Lysates for AK4
- Sino Biological Antibodies for AK4
- Browse Sino Biological Assays
- Browse Recombinant Proteins
- Browse Antibodies
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Browse CRO Services
- High-throughput Antibody Production Service
- Protein Production Service
- Epitope Tag Antibodies & Reporter Protein Antibodies
- Lentiviral ORF Clones
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for AK4
- Novus Biologicals proteins and lysates for AK4
- Novus Biologicals ELISA Kits for AK4
- Browse Antibodies
- Browse Peptides and Proteins
- Browse Lysates
- Browse ELISA Kits
- VectorBuilder Custom and pre-made DNA vectors for AK4 (ie. gene expression, shRNA knockdown, CRISPR)
- VectorBuilder Viral vectors for AK4 (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder CRISPR vectors for AK4 (ie. knockout, knockin, CRISPRa, CRISPRi)
- VectorBuilder Virus packaging for AK4 CRISPR vectors (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder Stable cell line generation for AK4
- Addgene plasmids for AK4
- antibodies-online: Show 97 available AK4 Antibodies ranked by validation data
- Compare Top AK4 Antibodies
- antibodies-online: Search results for available AK4 related products ranked by validation data
- antibodies-online: Show 18 available AK4 Proteins ranked by validation data
- Compare Top AK4 Proteins
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for AK4
- Search Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) for AK4 siRNA/shRNA
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for AK4
- Browse GeneCopoeia Cell Lines
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for AK4
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for AK4
- Search GeneCopoeia for miRNA 3'UTR Target clone products for AK4
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for AK4
Sources for AK4 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) NCBI Entrez Gene
- (4) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) Cell Signaling Technology
- (12) GO
- (13) UniProtKB/TrEMBL
- (14) InterPro
- (15) ProtoNet
- (16) Blocks
- (17) MGI
- (18) IUBMB
- (19) KEGG
- (20) MINT
- (21) STRING
- (22) IntAct
- (23) Novoseek
- (24) PharmGKB
- (25) DrugBank
- (26) HMDB
- (27) ASD
- (28) SAGE
- (29) SOURCE
- (30) HomoloGene
- (31) PanEnsembl
- (32) euGenes
- (33) SGD
- (34) FlyBase
- (35) WormBase
- (36) Pseudogene
- (37) DGV
- (38) dbSNP
- (39) GenAtlas
- (40) HGMD
- (41) GAD
- (42) BGMUT
- (43) HuGE
- (44) Atlas
- (45) GenBank
- (46) HORDE
- (47) HUGE
- (48) IMGT
- (49) Leiden
- (50) miRBase
- (51) DME
- (52) OriGene
- (53) PubMed
- (54) R&D Systems
- (55) TGDB
- (56) Tocris
- (57) Abcam
- (58) Novus Biologicals
- (59) ProSpec
- (60) Sino Biological
- (61) GenScript
- (62) Qiagen
- (63) OCA
- (64) Proteopedia
- (65) MOPED
- (66) neXtProt
- (67) Reactome
- (68) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (69) DISEASES
- (70) SIMAP
- (71) GenomeRNAi
- (72) LifeMap
- (73) miRTarBase
- (74) MalaCards
- (75) Invitrogen
- (76) BitterDB
- (77) ESI-BIO
- (78) RefSeq
- (79) BioSystems
- (80) MaxQB
- (81) IUPHAR
- (82) BioGPS
- (83) Illumina
- (84) COMPARTMENTS
- (85) HOMER
- (86) PaxDb
- (87) ApexBio
- (88) Addgene
- (89) antibodies-online
- (90) CYP
- (91) NONCODE
- (92) TreeFam
- (93) PathCards
- (94) GeneReviews
- (95) GeneTex
- (96) Taconic Biosciences
- (97) GTEx
- (98) ProteomicsDB
- (99) SCBT
- (100) DGIdb
- (101) ClinicalTrials
- (102) RVIS
- (103) SIGNOR
- (104) diseasecard
- (105) NIH Rare Diseases
- (106) Orphanet
- (107) UMLS
- (108) GTR
- (109) Disease Ontology
- (110) Genetics Home Reference
- (111) MeSH
- (112) MedlinePlus
- (113) CDC
- (114) NINDS
- (115) NCBI Bookshelf
- (116) ClinVar
- (117) Gene Damage Index
- (118) HPO
- (119) UDN
- (120) VISTA
- (121) FANTOM5
- (122) ENCODE
- (123) ProSci
- (124) Horizon
- (125) The Signaling Pathways Project (SPP)
- (126) IID
- (127) VectorBuilder
- (128) SNPedia
- (129) BRCA Exchange
- (130) CIViC
- (131) ProteoGenix
- (132) dbSUPER
- (133) TISSUES
- (134) Gene ORGANizer
- (135) abm
- (136) Human Protein Atlas
- (137) GWAS Catalog
- (138) Monarch Initiative
- (139) DataMed
- (140) HumanCyc
- (141) UCNEbase
- (142) EPDnew
- (143) Applied Biosystems
- (144) GlyConnect
- (145) Aminode
- (146) GeneCopoeia
- (147) GPS-Prot
- (148) RNACentral
- (149) LncRNADisease
- (150) LOVD
- (151) miR2Disease
- (152) DiseaseEnhancer
- (153) Boster Bio
- (154) Biorbyt
- (155) Biocompare
- (156) Mastermind
- (157) CTD^2 Dashboard
- (158) CraniofacialAtlas
- (159) GeneImprint
- (160) Synthego
- (161) ENA
- (162) GtRNAdb
- (163) LncBase
- (164) LncBook
- (165) LNCipedia
- (166) Modomics
- (167) PDBe
- (168) Rfam
- (169) SILVA
- (170) snOPY
- (171) SRPDB
- (172) GENCODE
- (173) TarBase
- (174) Signalway Antibody
- (175) Open Targets Platform
- (176) 5SRRNADB
- (177) snoDB
- (178) MirGeneDB