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This gene encodes a multi-domain protein involved in signaling and organization of cell junctions during embryogenesis. It has also been identified as the fusion partner of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL-1) gene, involved in acute myeloid leukemias with t(6;11)(q27;q23) translocation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described f... See more...
Aliases for AFDN Gene
Aliases for AFDN Gene
External Ids for AFDN Gene
- HGNC: 7137
- Entrez Gene: 4301
- Ensembl: ENSG00000130396
- OMIM: 159559
- UniProtKB: P55196
Previous HGNC Symbols for AFDN Gene
- MLLT4
Summaries for AFDN Gene
-
This gene encodes a multi-domain protein involved in signaling and organization of cell junctions during embryogenesis. It has also been identified as the fusion partner of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL-1) gene, involved in acute myeloid leukemias with t(6;11)(q27;q23) translocation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene, however, not all have been fully characterized.[provided by RefSeq, May 2011]
GeneCards Summary for AFDN Gene
AFDN (Afadin, Adherens Junction Formation Factor) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with AFDN include Cleft Lip/Palate-Ectodermal Dysplasia Syndrome and Leukemia. Among its related pathways are Blood-Brain Barrier and Immune Cell Transmigration: VCAM-1/CD106 Signaling and Ras signaling pathway.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for AFDN Gene
-
Belongs to an adhesion system, probably together with the E-cadherin-catenin system, which plays a role in the organization of homotypic, interneuronal and heterotypic cell-cell adherens junctions (AJs) (By similarity). Nectin- and actin-filament-binding protein that connects nectin to the actin cytoskeleton (PubMed:11024295). May play a key role in the organization of epithelial structures of the embryonic ectoderm (By similarity). Essential for the organization of adherens junctions (PubMed:30463011).
Additional gene information for AFDN Gene
- HGNC(7137)
- Entrez Gene(4301)
- Ensembl(ENSG00000130396)
- OMIM(159559)
- UniProtKB(P55196)
- Open Targets Platform(ENSG00000130396)
- Search for AFDN at DataMed
- Search for AFDN at HumanCyc
No data available for CIViC Summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for AFDN Gene
Genomics for AFDN Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs
Promoters and enhancers for AFDN Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication |
Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around AFDN on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path
Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for AFDN
Genomic Locations for AFDN Gene
Genomic Locations for AFDN Gene
- chr6:167,826,564-167,972,023
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 145,460 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
- chr6:168,227,602-168,372,703
- (GRCh37/hg19)
- Size:
- 145,102 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
Genomic View for AFDN Gene
Genes around AFDN on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 6q27 by HGNC
- 6q27 by Entrez Gene
- 6q27 by Ensembl
AFDN Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for AFDN Gene
Proteins for AFDN Gene
-
Protein details for AFDN Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P55196-AFAD_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Afadin
- Protein Accession:
- P55196
- O75087
- O75088
- O75089
- Q59FP0
- Q5TIG6
- Q5TIG7
- Q9NSN7
- Q9NU92
Protein attributes for AFDN Gene
- Size:
- 1824 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 206804 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Homodimer. Interacts with F-actin, nectin and NECTIN3. Essential for the association of nectin and E-cadherin. Isoform 1/s-afadin does not interact with F-actin. Interacts with ZO-1 and occludin, but probably in an indirect manner. Interacts with RIT1 and RIT2 (By similarity). Interacts with NRXN1 and BCR. Interacts with ADAM10; the interaction locks ADAM10 at adherens junctions following ADAM10 recruitment to adherens junctions by TSPAN33 (PubMed:30463011).
- SequenceCaution:
-
- Sequence=CAB82312.1; Type=Frameshift; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
- Miscellaneous:
-
- [Isoform 1]: May be due to intron retention.
- [Isoform 2]: May be due to intron retention.
Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for AFDN Gene
Post-translational modifications for AFDN Gene
Other Protein References for AFDN Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- LifeSpan BioSciences MLLT4 / Afadin Antibody
- G Biosciences Immunotag™ Phospho-Afadin (Ser1799) Antibody
- Creative Diagnostics Anti-MLLT4 (aa 145-194) polyclonal antibody
-
Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for AFDN
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for AFDN
-
Abcam antibodies for AFDN
- Invitrogen Antibodies for AFDN (AFLGC-Afdn)
- antibodies-online: Show 9 available MLLT4 Antibodies ranked by validation data
- Compare Top MLLT4 Antibodies
-
Recommended
Protein Products
-
OriGene Purified Proteins for AFDN
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- Novus Biologicals proteins for AFDN
-
Abcam proteins for AFDN
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for AFDN Gene
Domains & Families for AFDN Gene
Gene Families for AFDN Gene
- HGNC:
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Cancer-related genes
- Disease related genes
- Plasma proteins
- Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein Domains for AFDN Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
-
- Forkhead-associated (FHA)
- PDZ/DHR/GLGF domain
- RA domain
- Dilute (DIL) domain
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for AFDN Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
-
- ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 6 protein (AFAD_HUMAN)
- Myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia (Trithorax homolog, Drosophila) (Q5JPV5_HUMAN)
- Myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia (Trithorax homolog, Drosophila) (Q5TIH0_HUMAN)
- Myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia (Trithorax homolog, Drosophila) (Q5TIH1_HUMAN)
- Myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia (Trithorax homolog, Drosophila) (Q96C95_HUMAN)
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P55196UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:
AFAD_HUMAN :- The PDZ/DHR domain interacts with the C-terminus of nectin and the Pro-rich C-terminal domain interacts with F-actin.
- Domain:
-
- The PDZ/DHR domain interacts with the C-terminus of nectin and the Pro-rich C-terminal domain interacts with F-actin.
Function for AFDN Gene
Molecular function for AFDN Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Belongs to an adhesion system, probably together with the E-cadherin-catenin system, which plays a role in the organization of homotypic, interneuronal and heterotypic cell-cell adherens junctions (AJs) (By similarity). Nectin- and actin-filament-binding protein that connects nectin to the actin cytoskeleton (PubMed:11024295). May play a key role in the organization of epithelial structures of the embryonic ectoderm (By similarity). Essential for the organization of adherens junctions (PubMed:30463011).
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for AFDN Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005515 | protein binding | IEA,IPI | 17491594 |
| GO:0008022 | protein C-terminus binding | TAS | 10856295 |
| GO:0017016 | Ras GTPase binding | IPI | 23885123 |
| GO:0045296 | cadherin binding | HDA | 25468996 |
| GO:0050839 | cell adhesion molecule binding | IEA,IBA | 21873635 |
Phenotypes for AFDN Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for AFDN:
- inferred from 7 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for AFDN:
Animal Models for AFDN Gene
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for AFDN - Select products 50% OFF >
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-
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miRNA for AFDN Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target AFDN
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for AFDN
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Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for AFDN - Select products 50% OFF >
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- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for AFDN
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Cell Line Products
-
Horizon Cell Lines for AFDN
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for AFDN Gene
Localization for AFDN Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for AFDN Gene
- Cell junction, adherens junction. Note=Not found at cell-matrix AJs. {ECO:0000250 UniProtKB:O35889}.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| plasma membrane | 5 |
| nucleus | 5 |
| cytosol | 5 |
| cytoskeleton | 3 |
| extracellular | 2 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 2 |
| endosome | 2 |
| mitochondrion | 1 |
| lysosome | 1 |
| golgi apparatus | 1 |
- Cell Junctions (4)
- Plasma membrane (4)
- Nucleoplasm (3)
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005654 | nucleoplasm | IDA | -- |
| GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005829 | cytosol | IDA,TAS | -- |
| GO:0005886 | plasma membrane | IDA | -- |
| GO:0005911 | cell-cell junction | IEA,IDA | 19461049 |
Pathways & Interactions for AFDN Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Blood-Brain Barrier and Immune Cell Transmigration: VCAM-1/CD106 Signaling | ||
| 2 | Cell junction organization | ||
| 3 | Sertoli-Sertoli Cell Junction Dynamics |
Germ Cell-Sertoli Cell Junction Dynamics
.38
Sertoli-Sertoli Cell Junction Dynamics
.38
|
Epithelial Tight Junctions
.36
|
| 4 | Ras signaling pathway | ||
| 5 | Blood-Brain Barrier: Anatomy | ||
Pathways by source for AFDN Gene
4 Reactome pathways for AFDN Gene
6 KEGG pathways for AFDN Gene
3 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) pathways for AFDN Gene
- Cell adhesion Tight junctions
- Cell adhesion_Cadherin-mediated cell adhesion
- Cell adhesion_Endothelial cell contacts by junctional mechanisms
6 R&D Systems pathways for AFDN Gene
- Blood-Brain Barrier and Immune Cell Transmigration: CCL2/MCP-1 Signaling
- Blood-Brain Barrier and Immune Cell Transmigration: ICAM-1/CD54 Signaling
- Blood-Brain Barrier and Immune Cell Transmigration: Overview
- Blood-Brain Barrier and Immune Cell Transmigration: VCAM-1/CD106 Signaling
- Blood-Brain Barrier and Immune Cell Transmigration: VEGF Signaling
5 Qiagen pathways for AFDN Gene
- Ephrin-Eph Signaling
- Epithelial Adherens Junctions
- Epithelial Tight Junctions
- Germ Cell-Sertoli Cell Junction Dynamics
- Sertoli-Sertoli Cell Junction Dynamics
2 Cell Signaling Technology pathways for AFDN Gene
Interacting Proteins for AFDN Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
P55196-AFAD_HUMAN
ENSP00000375960
for AFDN Gene via
UniProtKB
MINT
STRING
IID
GPS-Prot Interaction Network for AFDN
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0007155 | cell adhesion | TAS | 10856295 |
| GO:0007165 | signal transduction | IEA | -- |
| GO:0007267 | cell-cell signaling | TAS | 8242616 |
| GO:0010628 | positive regulation of gene expression | IMP | 25893857 |
| GO:0021537 | telencephalon development | IEA | -- |
Drugs & Compounds for AFDN Gene
| Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (5R)-2-sulfanyl-5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one | Experimental | Pharma | Target | 0 |
Transcripts for AFDN Gene
mRNA/cDNA for AFDN Gene
- 8 REFSEQ mRNAs :
- 21 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
- 22 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :
-
- ENST00000400825 963 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000344191 5249 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000351017 5823 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000392108 6812 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000400824 875 nts (view in UCSC)
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for AFDN - Select products 50% OFF >
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- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for AFDN
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for AFDN
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for AFDN
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For AFDN
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for AFDN
Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for AFDN - Select products 50% OFF >
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- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for AFDN
- Addgene plasmids for AFDN
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for AFDN
Relevant External Links for AFDN Gene
- GeneLoc Exon Structure for
- AFDN
Expression for AFDN Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
-
Epidermis (Integumentary System)
Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for AFDN
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for AFDN Gene
- Nervous system(4.9)
- Liver(4.6)
- Lung(3.6)
- Spleen(3.2)
- Kidney(3)
- Skin(2.9)
- Blood(2.9)
- Intestine(2.9)
- Heart(2.8)
- Lymph node(2.8)
- Bone marrow(2.5)
- Muscle(2.5)
- Stomach(2.3)
- Pancreas(2.3)
- Thyroid gland(2.3)
- Eye(2.3)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for AFDN
Gene Expression Assay Products
No data available for mRNA expression in normal human tissues , mRNA differential expression in normal tissues , Protein differential expression in normal tissues , Protein expression , Protein tissue co-expression partners , mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for AFDN Gene
Orthologs for AFDN Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | MLLT4 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | MLLT4 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Mllt4 30 |
|
||
| Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Mllt4 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Afdn 17 |
|
||||
| Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | -- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
| -- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| -- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| -- 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | MLLT4 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | MLLT4 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | MLLT4 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | MLLT4 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | mllt4 30 |
|
||
| Str.20348 30 |
|
||||
| African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia | Xl.22528 30 |
|
||
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | mllt4 30 31 |
|
OneToMany | |
| MLLT4 (3 of 3) 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| MLLT4 (2 of 3) 31 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | cno 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | afd-1 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | -- 31 |
|
OneToOne |
- Species where no ortholog for AFDN was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- Corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
- Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- Pig (Sus scrofa)
- Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- Rice (Oryza sativa)
- Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis)
- Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- Soybean (Glycine max)
- Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Evolution for AFDN Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for AFDN (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for AFDN (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for AFDN: view image
Paralogs for AFDN Gene
No data available for Paralogs for AFDN Gene
Variants for AFDN Gene
Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for AFDN Gene
| SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 06 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 771409 | Benign: not provided | 167,948,301(+) | G/A | SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT | |
| rs1057519562 | Uncertain Significance: not specified | 167,915,425(+) | ATC/TGA | NONSENSE | |
| rs35140809 | Uncertain Significance: not specified | 167,896,967(+) | A/G | MISSENSE_VARIANT |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
2.63% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
3.78;
58.16% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for AFDN Gene
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for AFDN Gene
Disorders for AFDN Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| cleft lip/palate-ectodermal dysplasia syndrome |
|
|
| leukemia |
|
|
| leukemia, acute myeloid |
|
|
Search AFDN in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
AFAD_HUMAN- Note=A chromosomal aberration involving AFDN is associated with acute leukemias. Translocation t(6;11)(q27;q23) with KMT2A/MLL1. The result is a rogue activator protein.
Additional Disease Information for AFDN
No data available for Genatlas for AFDN Gene
Publications for AFDN Gene
- Cloning of the ALL-1 fusion partner, the AF-6 gene, involved in acute myeloid leukemias with the t(6;11) chromosome translocation. (PMID: 8242616) Prasad R … Kuriyama K (Cancer research 1993) 2 3 4 23
- Nectin and afadin: novel organizers of intercellular junctions. (PMID: 12456712) Takai Y … Nakanishi H (Journal of cell science 2003) 3 4 23
- Human nectin3/PRR3: a novel member of the PVR/PRR/nectin family that interacts with afadin. (PMID: 11024295) Reymond N … Lopez M (Gene 2000) 3 4 23
- Complete genomic structure DNA polymorphisms, and alternative splicing of the human AF-6 gene. (PMID: 9679199) Saito S … Nakamura Y (DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes 1998) 3 4 23
- A Dock-and-Lock Mechanism Clusters ADAM10 at Cell-Cell Junctions to Promote α-Toxin Cytotoxicity. (PMID: 30463011) Shah J … Citi S (Cell reports 2018) 3 4
ExternalLinks
Products for AFDN Gene
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- Browse Primary Antibodies
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- antibodies-online: Show 9 available MLLT4 Antibodies ranked by validation data
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Sources for AFDN Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) NCBI Entrez Gene
- (4) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) Cell Signaling Technology
- (12) GO
- (13) UniProtKB/TrEMBL
- (14) InterPro
- (15) ProtoNet
- (16) Blocks
- (17) MGI
- (18) IUBMB
- (19) KEGG
- (20) MINT
- (21) STRING
- (22) IntAct
- (23) Novoseek
- (24) PharmGKB
- (25) DrugBank
- (26) HMDB
- (27) ASD
- (28) SAGE
- (29) SOURCE
- (30) HomoloGene
- (31) PanEnsembl
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- (33) SGD
- (34) FlyBase
- (35) WormBase
- (36) Pseudogene
- (37) DGV
- (38) dbSNP
- (39) GenAtlas
- (40) HGMD
- (41) GAD
- (42) BGMUT
- (43) HuGE
- (44) Atlas
- (45) GenBank
- (46) HORDE
- (47) HUGE
- (48) IMGT
- (49) Leiden
- (50) miRBase
- (51) DME
- (52) OriGene
- (53) PubMed
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- (55) TGDB
- (56) Tocris
- (57) Abcam
- (58) Novus Biologicals
- (59) ProSpec
- (60) Sino Biological
- (61) GenScript
- (62) Qiagen
- (63) OCA
- (64) Proteopedia
- (65) MOPED
- (66) neXtProt
- (67) Reactome
- (68) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (69) DISEASES
- (70) SIMAP
- (71) GenomeRNAi
- (72) LifeMap
- (73) miRTarBase
- (74) MalaCards
- (75) Invitrogen
- (76) BitterDB
- (77) ESI-BIO
- (78) RefSeq
- (79) BioSystems
- (80) MaxQB
- (81) IUPHAR
- (82) BioGPS
- (83) Illumina
- (84) COMPARTMENTS
- (85) HOMER
- (86) PaxDb
- (87) ApexBio
- (88) Addgene
- (89) antibodies-online
- (90) CYP
- (91) NONCODE
- (92) TreeFam
- (93) PathCards
- (94) GeneReviews
- (95) GeneTex
- (96) Taconic Biosciences
- (97) GTEx
- (98) ProteomicsDB
- (99) SCBT
- (100) DGIdb
- (101) ClinicalTrials
- (102) RVIS
- (103) SIGNOR
- (104) diseasecard
- (105) NIH Rare Diseases
- (106) Orphanet
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- (115) NCBI Bookshelf
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- (119) UDN
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- (121) FANTOM5
- (122) ENCODE
- (123) ProSci
- (124) Horizon
- (125) The Signaling Pathways Project (SPP)
- (126) IID
- (127) VectorBuilder
- (128) SNPedia
- (129) BRCA Exchange
- (130) CIViC
- (131) ProteoGenix
- (132) dbSUPER
- (133) TISSUES
- (134) Gene ORGANizer
- (135) abm
- (136) Human Protein Atlas
- (137) GWAS Catalog
- (138) Monarch Initiative
- (139) DataMed
- (140) HumanCyc
- (141) UCNEbase
- (142) EPDnew
- (143) Applied Biosystems
- (144) GlyConnect
- (145) Aminode
- (146) GeneCopoeia
- (147) GPS-Prot
- (148) RNACentral
- (149) LncRNADisease
- (150) LOVD
- (151) miR2Disease
- (152) DiseaseEnhancer
- (153) Boster Bio
- (154) Biorbyt
- (155) Biocompare
- (156) Mastermind
- (157) CTD^2 Dashboard
- (158) CraniofacialAtlas
- (159) GeneImprint
- (160) Synthego
- (161) ENA
- (162) GtRNAdb
- (163) LncBase
- (164) LncBook
- (165) LNCipedia
- (166) Modomics
- (167) PDBe
- (168) Rfam
- (169) SILVA
- (170) snOPY
- (171) SRPDB
- (172) GENCODE
- (173) TarBase
- (174) Signalway Antibody
- (175) Open Targets Platform
- (176) 5SRRNADB
- (177) snoDB
- (178) MirGeneDB