Aliases for ADH4 Gene
Aliases for ADH4 Gene
External Ids for ADH4 Gene
- HGNC: 252
- Entrez Gene: 127
- Ensembl: ENSG00000198099
- OMIM: 103740
- UniProtKB: P08319
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for ADH4 Gene
- GC04M100290
- GC04M100453
- GC04M100458
- GC04M100401
- GC04M100044
- GC04M095782
Summaries for ADH4 Gene
-
This gene encodes class II alcohol dehydrogenase 4 pi subunit, which is a member of the alcohol dehydrogenase family. Members of this enzyme family metabolize a wide variety of substrates, including ethanol, retinol, other aliphatic alcohols, hydroxysteroids, and lipid peroxidation products. Class II alcohol dehydrogenase is a homodimer composed of 2 pi subunits. It exhibits a high activity for oxidation of long-chain aliphatic alcohols and aromatic alcohols and is less sensitive to pyrazole. This gene is localized to chromosome 4 in the cluster of alcohol dehydrogenase genes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
GeneCards Summary for ADH4 Gene
ADH4 (Alcohol Dehydrogenase 4 (Class II), Pi Polypeptide) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with ADH4 include Alcohol Dependence and Substance Dependence. Among its related pathways are Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450 and Metabolism. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include oxidoreductase activity and NAD binding. An important paralog of this gene is ADH5.
Additional gene information for ADH4 Gene
- Monarch Initiative
- Search for ADH4 at DataMed
- Search for ADH4 at HumanCyc
No data available for CIViC summary , UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for ADH4 Gene
Genomics for ADH4 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements for ADH4 Gene
Promoters and enhancers for ADH4 Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication | Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around ADH4 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the ADH4 gene promoter:
-
- E2F-1
- E2F
- AML1a
- RSRFC4
- S8
- POU3F2 (N-Oct-5b)
- POU3F2 (N-Oct-5a)
- POU3F2
- AP-1
- c-Fos
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Locations for ADH4 Gene
Genomic Locations for ADH4 Gene
- chr4:99,123,657-99,157,792
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 34,136 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
- chr4:100,044,808-100,078,949
- (GRCh37/hg19)
- Size:
- 34,142 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for ADH4 Gene
Genes around ADH4 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 4q23 by Entrez Gene
- 4q23 by HGNC
- 4q23 by Ensembl
ADH4 Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for ADH4 Gene
Proteins for ADH4 Gene
-
Protein details for ADH4 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P08319-ADH4_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Alcohol dehydrogenase 4
- Protein Accession:
- P08319
- A8K470
- B4DIE7
- C9J4A9
- Q8TCD7
Protein attributes for ADH4 Gene
- Size:
- 380 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 40222 Da
- Cofactor:
- Name=Zn(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:29105;
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Homodimer.
- Miscellaneous:
-
- There are 7 different ADHs isozymes in human: three belongs to class-I: alpha, beta, and gamma, one to class-II: pi, one to class-III: chi, one to class-IV: ADH7 and one to class-V: ADH6.
Protein Expression for ADH4 Gene
Post-translational modifications for ADH4 Gene
Other Protein References for ADH4 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for ADH4
-
Abcam antibodies for ADH4
- Invitrogen Antibodies for ADH4 (AFLGC-ADH4)
- GeneTex ADH4 Antibody for ADH4
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for ADH4
Protein Products
-
OriGene Purified Proteins for ADH4
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for ADH4
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- GeneTex Proteins for ADH4
-
Abcam proteins for ADH4
Assay Products
- antibodies-online: Search results for 1 available ADH4 Elisa Kits ranked by validation data
- Compare Top ADH4 Elisa Kits
-
Recommended
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for ADH4 Gene
Domains & Families for ADH4 Gene
Gene Families for ADH4 Gene
- HGNC:
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Enzymes
- Plasma proteins
- Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein Domains for ADH4 Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for ADH4 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P08319UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:
ADH4_HUMAN :- Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Class-II subfamily.
- Family:
-
- Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Class-II subfamily.
Function for ADH4 Gene
Molecular function for ADH4 Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
- A primary alcohol + NAD(+) = an aldehyde + NADH.
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
- A secondary alcohol + NAD(+) = a ketone + NADH.
- GENATLAS Biochemistry:
- alcohol dehydrogenase (class II),pi polypeptide (see ADH@)
Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) for ADH4 Gene
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for ADH4 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0003960 | NADPH:quinone reductase activity | ISS | -- |
| GO:0004022 | alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD) activity | IEA,IDA | 3466164 |
| GO:0004024 | alcohol dehydrogenase activity, zinc-dependent | IDA,IEA | 10407146 |
| GO:0004032 | alditol:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase activity | IEA | -- |
| GO:0004745 | retinol dehydrogenase activity | TAS | -- |
Phenotypes for ADH4 Gene
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for ADH4:
-
- Dynamic nuclei (hole, folded or small irregular)
- Negative genetic interaction between MUS81-/- and MUS81+/+
- Decreased viability
- no effect
- Decreased human papilloma virus 16 (HPV16) pseudovirus infection
- Decreased homologous recombination repair frequency
- Decreased hepcidin::fluc mRNA expression
- shRNA abundance <= 50%
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
- Cyagen custom Knockout/knockin (KOKI) mouse models for ADH4
-
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for ADH4
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- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for 92 available ADH4 gene related products
- Overview of 92 available ADH4 gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials CRISPR for ADH4
-
Vectors and viruses for KO, Activation, Repression, and more
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for ADH4
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for ADH4
miRNA for ADH4 Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target ADH4
-
- hsa-mir-4666a-5p (MIRT549898)
- hsa-mir-8068 (MIRT549899)
- hsa-mir-143-5p (MIRT549900)
- hsa-mir-3944-5p (MIRT549901)
- hsa-mir-5087 (MIRT549902)
- hsa-mir-4764-5p (MIRT549903)
- hsa-mir-657 (MIRT549904)
- hsa-mir-3665 (MIRT549905)
- hsa-mir-4722-5p (MIRT549906)
- hsa-mir-1286 (MIRT549907)
- hsa-mir-873-5p (MIRT549908)
- hsa-mir-4748 (MIRT549909)
- hsa-mir-4464 (MIRT549910)
- hsa-mir-6841-5p (MIRT549911)
- hsa-mir-1265 (MIRT549912)
- hsa-mir-376c-3p (MIRT549913)
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for ADH4
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- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for 92 available ADH4 gene related products
- Overview of 92 available ADH4 gene related products
Clone Products
- Addgene plasmids for ADH4
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- Applied Biological Materials Clones for ADH4
-
Vectors and viruses for ORF, Lenti, Retro, Adenovirus, AAV, and more
Cell Line Products
-
Horizon Cell Lines for ADH4
No data available for Human Phenotype Ontology , Animal Models , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for ADH4 Gene
Localization for ADH4 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for ADH4 Gene
- Cytoplasm.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| nucleus | 5 |
| cytosol | 5 |
| mitochondrion | 2 |
- Cytosol (1)
- Nucleus (1)
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005634 | nucleus | IDA | -- |
| GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005829 | cytosol | IDA,TAS | -- |
Pathways & Interactions for ADH4 Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450 | ||
| 2 | Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type | ||
| 3 | Metabolism |
.37
|
|
| 4 | Cyclophosphamide Pathway, Pharmacodynamics | ||
| 5 | Signaling by Retinoic Acid | ||
Pathways by source for ADH4 Gene
4 BioSystems pathways for ADH4 Gene
7 Reactome pathways for ADH4 Gene
2 PharmGKB pathways for ADH4 Gene
8 KEGG pathways for ADH4 Gene
Interacting Proteins for ADH4 Gene
GPS-Prot Interaction Network for ADH4
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0001523 | retinoid metabolic process | IDA | 15369820 |
| GO:0006066 | alcohol metabolic process | IDA | 3466164 |
| GO:0006067 | ethanol metabolic process | IEA | -- |
| GO:0006069 | ethanol oxidation | TAS,IEA | -- |
| GO:0006081 | cellular aldehyde metabolic process | IDA | 3466164 |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for ADH4 Gene
Drugs & Compounds for ADH4 Gene
| Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethanol | Approved | Pharma | Enzyme | 2326 | ||
| NADH | Approved | Nutra | Target, Enzyme, substrate | 0 | ||
| Vitamin A | Approved, Vet_approved | Nutra | 529 | |||
| Chloral hydrate | Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet_approved | Pharma | 17 | |||
| Isopropyl alcohol | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | 0 |
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-Hexanol |
|
111-27-3 |
|
|||
| 1-Pentanol |
|
71-41-0 |
|
|||
| 2,2,2-Trichloroethanol |
|
115-20-8 |
|
|||
| 2-Phenyl-1,3-propanediol monocarbamate |
|
|
||||
| 3,4-Dihydroxymandelaldehyde |
|
13023-73-9 |
|
Drug Products
Transcripts for ADH4 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for ADH4 Gene
- (3) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (5) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (75) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (12) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
-
- ENST00000508393 2151 bps (uc011ced.3)
- ENST00000265512 1993 bps (uc003hun.4)
- ENST00000509471 575 bps (uc062ykf.1)
- ENST00000505590 1400 bps (uc062ykg.1)
- ENST00000506705 1340 bps (uc062ykh.1)
Unigene Clusters for ADH4 Gene
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for ADH4
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- Overview of 92 available ADH4 gene related products
- Applied Biological Materials CRISPR for ADH4
-
Vectors and viruses for KO, Activation, Repression, and more
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for ADH4
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for ADH4
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for ADH4
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For ADH4
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for ADH4
- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for 92 available ADH4 gene related products
- Overview of 92 available ADH4 gene related products
Clone Products
- Addgene plasmids for ADH4
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for ADH4
- Applied Biological Materials Clones for ADH4
-
Vectors and viruses for ORF, Lenti, Retro, Adenovirus, AAV, and more
| ExUns: | 1a | · | 1b | · | 1c | ^ | 2 | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4 | ^ | 5 | ^ | 6 | ^ | 7a | · | 7b | ^ | 8 | ^ | 9 | ^ | 10 | ^ | 11 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP2: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP3: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP4: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP5: | - |
Expression for ADH4 Gene
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for ADH4 Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Liver (x50.9).
This gene is overexpressed in Liver, secretome (46.4) and Liver (20.0).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, MaxQB, and MOPED for ADH4 Gene
NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of ADH4 Gene:
ADH4SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for ADH4 Gene:
Hs.1219Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for ADH4 Gene
- Liver(4.9)
- Nervous system(4.2)
- Intestine(2.6)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for ADH4
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for ADH4
- genomics-online: primer clones - Search results for 92 available ADH4 gene related products
- Overview of 92 available ADH4 gene related products
Gene Expression Assay Products
No data available for mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery , Protein tissue co-expression partners , mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for ADH4 Gene
Orthologs for ADH4 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | ADH4 34 33 |
|
OneToOne | |
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | ADH4 34 33 |
|
OneToOne | |
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | ADH4 34 33 |
|
OneToOne | |
| rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Adh4 33 |
|
||
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Adh4 16 34 33 |
|
||
| lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | -- 34 |
|
ManyToMany | |
| tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | adh4 33 |
|
||
| zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | adh5 34 |
|
ManyToMany | |
| zgc:77938 34 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| zgc:63568 34 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| adh8a 34 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| adh8b 34 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | Fdh 34 |
|
OneToMany | |
| worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | H24K24.3 34 |
|
ManyToMany | |
| Y50D4C.2 34 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) |
Saccharomycetes | SFA1 34 |
|
OneToMany | |
| thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) |
eudicotyledons | ADH1 33 |
|
||
| rice (Oryza sativa) |
Liliopsida | Os11g0210500 33 |
|
||
| sea squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | CSA.1497 34 |
|
OneToMany |
- Species where no ortholog for ADH4 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- chicken (Gallus gallus)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- oppossum (Monodelphis domestica)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
- rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Evolution for ADH4 Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for ADH4 (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for ADH4 (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for ADH4: view image
Paralogs for ADH4 Gene
(6) SIMAP similar genes for ADH4 Gene using alignment to 5 proteins:
- ADH4_HUMAN
- D6R9K8_HUMAN
- D6RF43_HUMAN
- D6RIB1_HUMAN
- H0Y9N0_HUMAN
Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for ADH4 Gene
Variants for ADH4 Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 04 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs1000224044 | -- | 99,131,679(-) | G/A | coding_sequence_variant, missense_variant | |
| rs1000444510 | -- | 99,128,813(-) | /C | intron_variant | |
| rs1000451530 | -- | 99,137,878(-) | A/G | intron_variant | |
| rs1000454489 | -- | 99,142,620(-) | G/C | intron_variant | |
| rs1000467131 | -- | 99,145,323(-) | G/A | upstream_transcript_variant |
| Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| nsv1002574 | CNV | loss | 25217958 |
| nsv1002927 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
81.2% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
3.14;
51.49% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for ADH4 Gene
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for ADH4 Gene
Disorders for ADH4 Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| alcohol dependence |
|
|
| substance dependence |
|
|
| hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, familial, type ii |
|
|
| alcoholic neuropathy |
|
|
| alcoholic liver cirrhosis |
|
|
Search ADH4 in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Additional Disease Information for ADH4
- Genetic Association Database
- (GAD)
- Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
- (HuGE)
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for ADH4 Gene
Publications for ADH4 Gene
- Cluster headache is associated with the alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (ADH4) gene. (PMID: 19925625) Rainero I … Pinessi L (Headache 2010) 3 22 44 58
- Association of genetic variants in alcohol dehydrogenase 4 with alcohol dependence in Brazilian patients. (PMID: 15863808) Guindalini C … Zatz M (The American journal of psychiatry 2005) 3 22 44 58
- Alcohol dehydrogenase alleles in Parkinson's disease. (PMID: 11009184) Buervenich S … Olson L (Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 2000) 3 22 44 58
- Cloning and characterization of the human ADH4 gene. (PMID: 1889753) von Bahr-Lindström H … Höög JO (Gene 1991) 3 4 22 58
- A Large-scale genetic association study of esophageal adenocarcinoma risk. (PMID: 20453000) Liu CY … Christiani DC (Carcinogenesis 2010) 3 44 58
Products for ADH4 Gene
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- Browse GeneCopoeia Cell Lines
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for ADH4
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for ADH4
- GeneCopoeia miRNA 3'UTR Target clone products for ADH4
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for ADH4
Sources for ADH4 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
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- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) IntAct
- (22) Novoseek
- (23) PharmGKB
- (24) DrugBank
- (25) HMDB
- (26) UniGene
- (27) AceView
- (28) ASD
- (29) ECgene
- (30) GeneAnnot
- (31) CGAP SAGE
- (32) SOURCE
- (33) HomoloGene
- (34) PanEnsembl
- (35) euGenes
- (36) SGD
- (37) FlyBase
- (38) WormBase
- (39) Pseudogene
- (40) DGV
- (41) dbSNP
- (42) GenAtlas
- (43) HGMD
- (44) GAD
- (45) BGMUT
- (46) HuGE
- (47) Atlas
- (48) Cell Signaling Technology
- (49) GenBank
- (50) H-invDB
- (51) HORDE
- (52) HUGE
- (53) IMGT
- (54) Leiden
- (55) miRBase
- (56) DME
- (57) OriGene
- (58) PubMed
- (59) R&D Systems
- (60) TGDB
- (61) Tocris
- (62) Abcam
- (63) Novus Biologicals
- (64) ProSpec
- (65) Sino Biological
- (66) GenScript
- (67) Qiagen
- (68) Cloud-Clone Corp.
- (69) OCA
- (70) Proteopedia
- (71) MOPED
- (72) neXtProt
- (73) Reactome
- (74) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (75) fRNAdb
- (76) DISEASES
- (77) SIMAP
- (78) GenomeRNAi
- (79) LifeMap
- (80) miRTarBase
- (81) MalaCards
- (82) Invitrogen
- (83) BitterDB
- (84) Vector BioLabs
- (85) ESI-BIO
- (86) RefSeq
- (87) BioSystems
- (88) MaxQB
- (89) IUPHAR
- (90) BioGPS
- (91) Illumina
- (92) COMPARTMENTS
- (93) HOMER
- (94) PaxDb
- (95) ApexBio
- (96) Addgene
- (97) antibodies-online
- (98) CYP
- (99) NONCODE
- (100) SwitchGear Genomics
- (101) TreeFam
- (102) PathCards
- (103) GeneReviews
- (104) GeneTex
- (105) Taconic Biosciences
- (106) GTEx
- (107) ProteomicsDB
- (108) SCBT
- (109) DGIdb
- (110) ClinicalTrials
- (111) FDA Approved Drugs
- (112) RVIS
- (113) SIGNOR
- (114) diseasecard
- (115) NIH Rare Diseases
- (116) Orphanet
- (117) UMLS
- (118) GTR
- (119) Disease Ontology
- (120) Genetics Home Reference
- (121) MeSH
- (122) MedlinePlus
- (123) CDC
- (124) NINDS
- (125) NCBI Bookshelf
- (126) ClinVar
- (127) Gene Damage Index
- (128) ViGene Biosciences
- (129) HPO
- (130) UDN
- (131) VISTA
- (132) FANTOM5
- (133) ENCODE
- (134) ProSci
- (135) Horizon
- (136) NURSA
- (137) IID
- (138) Cyagen
- (139) VectorBuilder
- (140) SNPedia
- (141) BRCA Exchange
- (142) St John's Lab
- (143) CIViC
- (144) ProteoGenix
- (145) dbSUPER
- (146) TISSUES
- (147) Gene ORGANizer
- (148) abm
- (149) CrownBio
- (150) Human Protein Atlas
- (151) GWAS Catalog
- (152) Monarch Initiative
- (153) DataMed
- (154) HumanCyc
- (155) genomics-online
- (156) UCNEbase
- (157) EPDnew
- (158) Applied Biosystems
- (159) GlyConnect
- (160) Aminode
- (161) GeneCopoeia
- (162) GPS-Prot
- (163) RNACentral
- (164) LncRNADisease
- (165) LOVD
- (166) miR2Disease
- (167) DiseaseEnhancer
- (168) Boster Bio
- (169) Biorbyt