Free for academic non-profit institutions. Other users need a Commercial license
This gene encodes a member of the Abelson family of nonreceptor tyrosine protein kinases. The protein is highly similar to the c-abl oncogene 1 protein, including the tyrosine kinase, SH2 and SH3 domains, and it plays a role in cytoskeletal rearrangements through its C-terminal F-actin- and microtubule-binding sequences. This gene is expressed in both normal and tumor cells, an... See more...
Aliases for ABL2 Gene
Aliases for ABL2 Gene
External Ids for ABL2 Gene
- HGNC: 77
- Entrez Gene: 27
- Ensembl: ENSG00000143322
- OMIM: 164690
- UniProtKB: P42684
Previous HGNC Symbols for ABL2 Gene
- ABLL
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for ABL2 Gene
- GC01M176601
- GC01M174505
- GC01M175616
- GC01M176316
- GC01M175804
- GC01M177339
- GC01M179068
- GC01M150296
- GC01M179102
- GC01M179104
- GC01M179106
Summaries for ABL2 Gene
-
This gene encodes a member of the Abelson family of nonreceptor tyrosine protein kinases. The protein is highly similar to the c-abl oncogene 1 protein, including the tyrosine kinase, SH2 and SH3 domains, and it plays a role in cytoskeletal rearrangements through its C-terminal F-actin- and microtubule-binding sequences. This gene is expressed in both normal and tumor cells, and is involved in translocation with the ets variant 6 gene in leukemia. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009]
GeneCards Summary for ABL2 Gene
ABL2 (ABL Proto-Oncogene 2, Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with ABL2 include Leukemia and Leukemia, Chronic Myeloid. Among its related pathways are Guidance Cues and Growth Cone Motility and Signaling by Slit. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups and protein tyrosine kinase activity. An important paralog of this gene is ABL1.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for ABL2 Gene
-
Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays an ABL1-overlapping role in key processes linked to cell growth and survival such as cytoskeleton remodeling in response to extracellular stimuli, cell motility and adhesion and receptor endocytosis. Coordinates actin remodeling through tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins controlling cytoskeleton dynamics like MYH10 (involved in movement); CTTN (involved in signaling); or TUBA1 and TUBB (microtubule subunits). Binds directly F-actin and regulates actin cytoskeletal structure through its F-actin-bundling activity. Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and motility through phosphorylation of key regulators of these processes such as CRK, CRKL, DOK1 or ARHGAP35. Adhesion-dependent phosphorylation of ARHGAP35 promotes its association with RASA1, resulting in recruitment of ARHGAP35 to the cell periphery where it inhibits RHO. Phosphorylates multiple receptor tyrosine kinases like PDGFRB and other substrates which are involved in endocytosis regulation such as RIN1. In brain, may regulate neurotransmission by phosphorylating proteins at the synapse. ABL2 acts also as a regulator of multiple pathological signaling cascades during infection. Pathogens can highjack ABL2 kinase signaling to reorganize the host actin cytoskeleton for multiple purposes, like facilitating intracellular movement and host cell exit. Finally, functions as its own regulator through autocatalytic activity as well as through phosphorylation of its inhibitor, ABI1.
Additional gene information for ABL2 Gene
- HGNC(77)
- Entrez Gene(27)
- Ensembl(ENSG00000143322)
- OMIM(164690)
- UniProtKB(P42684)
- Open Targets Platform(ENSG00000143322)
- Monarch Initiative
- Search for ABL2 at DataMed
- Search for ABL2 at HumanCyc
No data available for Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for ABL2 Gene
Genomics for ABL2 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs
Promoters and enhancers for ABL2 Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication |
Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around ABL2 on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path
Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for ABL2
- Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the ABL2 gene promoter:
-
- Brachyury
- GATA-3
- Meis-1
- Meis-1a
- Meis-1b
- Nkx3-1
- Nkx3-1 v1
- Nkx3-1 v2
- Nkx3-1 v3
- Nkx3-1 v4
Genomic Locations for ABL2 Gene
Genomic Locations for ABL2 Gene
- chr1:179,099,330-179,229,693
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 130,364 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
- chr1:179,068,462-179,198,819
- (GRCh37/hg19)
- Size:
- 130,358 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for ABL2 Gene
Genes around ABL2 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 1q25.2 by HGNC
- 1q25.2 by Entrez Gene
- 1q25.2 by Ensembl
ABL2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for ABL2 Gene
Proteins for ABL2 Gene
-
Protein details for ABL2 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P42684-ABL2_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL2
- Protein Accession:
- P42684
- A0M8X0
- B7UEF2
- B7UEF3
- B7UEF4
- B7UEF5
- Q5T0X6
- Q5W0C5
- Q6NZY6
- Q7Z301
Protein attributes for ABL2 Gene
- Size:
- 1182 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 128343 Da
- Cofactor:
- Name=Mg(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:18420;
- Cofactor:
- Name=Mn(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:29035;
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Interacts with PSMA7. Interacts with CTTN. Found in a complex with ABL1, ABL2, CRK and UNC119; leading to the inhibition of CRK phosphorylation by ABL kinases.
- SequenceCaution:
-
- Sequence=CAD98092.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Extended N-terminus.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for ABL2 Gene
Protein Expression for ABL2 Gene
Selected DME Specific Peptides for ABL2 Gene
- P42684:
-
- LLYMATQI
- RDLAARN
- KEDTMEVEEFLKEAAVMKEIKHPNLVQLLGVCT
- PADRPSF
- GVWKKYSLTVAVKT
- LFVALYD
- KSDVWAFGVLLWEIATYGM
- KLGGGQYG
- HQAFETMF
- KFPIKWTAPE
- NSLEKHSWYHGP
- RNKFAFREA
- ELVHHHS
- YGNLLDYLREC
- TTLHYPAPK
- INGSFLVRESESSPGQ
- KVYELMRACW
Post-translational modifications for ABL2 Gene
- Phosphorylated at Tyr-261 by ABL1 in response to oxidative stress. Phosphorylated by PDGFRB (By similarity).
- Polyubiquitinated. Polyubiquitination of ABL2 leads to degradation.
- Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus
- Modification sites at neXtProt
Other Protein References for ABL2 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- NSJ Bioreagents ABL2 Antibody
-
Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for ABL2
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for ABL2
-
Abcam antibodies for ABL2
- Invitrogen Antibodies for ABL2 (AFLGC-ABL2)
- antibodies-online: Show 55 available ABL2 Antibodies ranked by validation data
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for ABL2
Protein Products
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for ABL2
- Origene Custom Protein Services for ABL2
- antibodies-online: Search results for available ABL2 related products ranked by validation data
-
Abcam proteins for ABL2
Assay Products
- antibodies-online: Search results for available ABL2 related products ranked by validation data
-
Boster Bio ELISA Kits for ABL2
Domains & Families for ABL2 Gene
Gene Families for ABL2 Gene
- HGNC:
- IUPHAR :
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Cancer-related genes
- Enzymes
- Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein Domains for ABL2 Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
-
- SH2 domain signature
- Tyrosine protein kinase, active site
- SH3 domain signature
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for ABL2 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
-
- Tyrosine-protein kinase ARG (ABL2_HUMAN)
- V-abl Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (Arg, Abelson-related gene), isoform CRA_b (D1MPS6_HUMAN)
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P42684UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:
ABL2_HUMAN :- Contains two distinct classes of F-actin-binding domains. Although both can bind F-actin, the 2 are required to bundle actin filaments (By similarity).
- Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. ABL subfamily.
- Domain:
-
- Contains two distinct classes of F-actin-binding domains. Although both can bind F-actin, the 2 are required to bundle actin filaments (By similarity).
- Family:
-
- Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. ABL subfamily.
Function for ABL2 Gene
Molecular function for ABL2 Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays an ABL1-overlapping role in key processes linked to cell growth and survival such as cytoskeleton remodeling in response to extracellular stimuli, cell motility and adhesion and receptor endocytosis. Coordinates actin remodeling through tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins controlling cytoskeleton dynamics like MYH10 (involved in movement); CTTN (involved in signaling); or TUBA1 and TUBB (microtubule subunits). Binds directly F-actin and regulates actin cytoskeletal structure through its F-actin-bundling activity. Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and motility through phosphorylation of key regulators of these processes such as CRK, CRKL, DOK1 or ARHGAP35. Adhesion-dependent phosphorylation of ARHGAP35 promotes its association with RASA1, resulting in recruitment of ARHGAP35 to the cell periphery where it inhibits RHO. Phosphorylates multiple receptor tyrosine kinases like PDGFRB and other substrates which are involved in endocytosis regulation such as RIN1. In brain, may regulate neurotransmission by phosphorylating proteins at the synapse. ABL2 acts also as a regulator of multiple pathological signaling cascades during infection. Pathogens can highjack ABL2 kinase signaling to reorganize the host actin cytoskeleton for multiple purposes, like facilitating intracellular movement and host cell exit. Finally, functions as its own regulator through autocatalytic activity as well as through phosphorylation of its inhibitor, ABI1.
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
- Reaction=ATP + L-tyrosyl-[protein] = ADP + H(+) + O-phospho-L-tyrosyl-[protein]; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:10596, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:10136, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:10137, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, ChEBI:CHEBI:46858, ChEBI:CHEBI:82620, ChEBI:CHEBI:456216; EC=2.7.10.2; Evidence={ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU10028};.
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot EnzymeRegulation:
- Stabilized in the inactive form by an association between the SH3 domain and the SH2-TK linker region, interactions of the N-terminal cap, and contributions from an N-terminal myristoyl group and phospholipids. Activated by autophosphorylation as well as by SRC-family kinase-mediated phosphorylation. Activated by RIN1 binding to the SH2 and SH3 domains. Inhibited by imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) which is used for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), a highly abundant phosphoinositide known to regulate cytoskeletal and membrane proteins, inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity (By similarity).
- GENATLAS Biochemistry:
- Abelson murine leukemia viral (v-abl) oncogene homolog 2
Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) for ABL2 Gene
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for ABL2 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000166 | nucleotide binding | IEA | -- |
| GO:0000287 | magnesium ion binding | IDA | 15886098 |
| GO:0001784 | phosphotyrosine residue binding | IPI | 20624904 |
| GO:0003785 | actin monomer binding | TAS | 20841568 |
| GO:0004672 | protein kinase activity | TAS | 2198571 |
Phenotypes for ABL2 Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for ABL2:
- inferred from 2 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for ABL2:
-
- Increased vaccinia virus (VACV) infection
- no effect
- Decreased viability
- Increased viability with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor)
- Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor)
- Decreased shRNA abundance
- Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)
- Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)
- Decreased substrate adherent cell growth
- Increased cell viability after pRB stimulation
- Increased viability with TRAIL
- Increased mitotic index
- Decreased cell proliferation
Animal Models for ABL2 Gene
- MGI Knock Outs for ABL2:
-
- Abl2 Abl2<tm1Ajk>
Animal Model Products
-
Taconic Biosciences Mouse Models for ABL2
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for ABL2 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * ABL2 CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for ABL2
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for ABL2
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for ABL2
miRNA for ABL2 Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target ABL2
-
- mmu-miR-301b-3p (MIRT008079)
- mmu-miR-541-5p (MIRT008304)
- mmu-miR-340-5p (MIRT010650)
- mmu-miR-324-3p (MIRT011066)
- mmu-miR-19b-3p (MIRT012572)
- hsa-miR-140-3p (MIRT021668)
- hsa-miR-103a-3p (MIRT027023)
- hsa-miR-16-5p (MIRT031452)
- hsa-miR-92a-3p (MIRT049012)
- hsa-miR-20a-5p (MIRT054860)
- hsa-miR-4755-5p (MIRT182668)
- hsa-miR-5006-3p (MIRT182669)
- hsa-miR-6829-3p (MIRT482545)
- hsa-miR-6874-5p (MIRT482546)
- hsa-miR-6791-3p (MIRT482547)
- hsa-miR-3121-5p (MIRT482548)
- hsa-miR-4761-5p (MIRT482549)
- hsa-miR-3908 (MIRT482550)
- hsa-miR-6507-5p (MIRT482551)
- hsa-miR-195-5p (MIRT482552)
- hsa-miR-424-5p (MIRT482553)
- hsa-miR-497-5p (MIRT482554)
- hsa-miR-15b-5p (MIRT482555)
- hsa-miR-15a-5p (MIRT482556)
- hsa-miR-6838-5p (MIRT482557)
- hsa-miR-139-5p (MIRT503227)
- hsa-miR-5692c (MIRT503228)
- hsa-miR-5692b (MIRT503229)
- hsa-miR-548e-5p (MIRT503230)
- hsa-miR-107 (MIRT503231)
- hsa-miR-6081 (MIRT503232)
- hsa-miR-2861 (MIRT559746)
- hsa-miR-939-3p (MIRT559747)
- hsa-miR-7851-3p (MIRT559748)
- hsa-miR-649 (MIRT559749)
- hsa-miR-490-3p (MIRT559750)
- mmu-miR-669b-5p (MIRT590767)
- mmu-miR-129-2-3p (MIRT601238)
- mmu-miR-129-1-3p (MIRT601239)
- mmu-miR-3064-5p (MIRT601240)
- mmu-miR-3085-3p (MIRT601241)
- mmu-miR-5125 (MIRT601242)
- mmu-miR-3110-5p (MIRT601243)
- mmu-miR-5127 (MIRT601244)
- mmu-miR-150-5p (MIRT601245)
- mmu-miR-105 (MIRT601246)
- mmu-miR-295-3p (MIRT601247)
- mmu-miR-294-3p (MIRT601248)
- mmu-miR-302b-3p (MIRT601249)
- mmu-miR-302d-3p (MIRT601250)
- mmu-miR-291a-3p (MIRT601251)
- mmu-miR-302a-3p (MIRT601252)
- mmu-miR-1186a (MIRT601253)
- hsa-miR-5698 (MIRT607517)
- hsa-miR-143-5p (MIRT607518)
- hsa-miR-6879-3p (MIRT607519)
- hsa-miR-4430 (MIRT607520)
- hsa-miR-3652 (MIRT607521)
- hsa-miR-122-5p (MIRT607522)
- hsa-miR-504-3p (MIRT607523)
- hsa-miR-3135b (MIRT607524)
- hsa-miR-6499-3p (MIRT607525)
- hsa-miR-6773-3p (MIRT607526)
- hsa-miR-5693 (MIRT607527)
- hsa-miR-1208 (MIRT607528)
- hsa-miR-6760-3p (MIRT607529)
- hsa-miR-500b-3p (MIRT607530)
- hsa-miR-4279 (MIRT660947)
- hsa-miR-2355-5p (MIRT660948)
- hsa-miR-6778-3p (MIRT660949)
- hsa-miR-1976 (MIRT660950)
- hsa-miR-3653-5p (MIRT660951)
- hsa-miR-6747-3p (MIRT660952)
- hsa-miR-6727-3p (MIRT660953)
- hsa-miR-4722-3p (MIRT660954)
- hsa-miR-122-3p (MIRT660955)
- hsa-miR-4446-5p (MIRT660956)
- hsa-miR-642a-5p (MIRT660957)
- hsa-miR-6826-3p (MIRT660958)
- hsa-miR-570-3p (MIRT660959)
- hsa-miR-2276-5p (MIRT660960)
- hsa-miR-6892-3p (MIRT660961)
- hsa-miR-6795-3p (MIRT660962)
- hsa-miR-6887-3p (MIRT660963)
- hsa-miR-6848-3p (MIRT671072)
- hsa-miR-6843-3p (MIRT671073)
- hsa-miR-3187-3p (MIRT671074)
- hsa-miR-4435 (MIRT671075)
- hsa-miR-588 (MIRT671076)
- hsa-miR-4701-5p (MIRT671077)
- hsa-miR-548s (MIRT671078)
- hsa-miR-378a-5p (MIRT671079)
- hsa-miR-6131 (MIRT671080)
- hsa-miR-4755-3p (MIRT671081)
- hsa-miR-4454 (MIRT671082)
- hsa-miR-6821-3p (MIRT671083)
- hsa-miR-6790-3p (MIRT671084)
- hsa-miR-3663-5p (MIRT671085)
- hsa-miR-6513-3p (MIRT671086)
- hsa-miR-8079 (MIRT671087)
- hsa-miR-1245a (MIRT671088)
- hsa-miR-660-3p (MIRT676320)
- hsa-miR-526b-5p (MIRT708676)
- hsa-miR-6868-3p (MIRT708677)
- hsa-miR-6861-3p (MIRT708678)
- hsa-miR-4751 (MIRT708679)
- hsa-miR-6870-3p (MIRT708680)
- hsa-miR-1248 (MIRT708681)
- hsa-miR-1237-3p (MIRT708682)
- hsa-miR-6891-3p (MIRT708683)
- hsa-miR-6072 (MIRT708684)
- hsa-miR-4793-5p (MIRT708685)
- hsa-miR-5196-3p (MIRT708686)
- hsa-miR-27b-3p (MIRT728412)
- hsa-miR-27a-3p (MIRT728413)
- hsa-miR-125a-5p (MIRT732714)
- hsa-miR-26a-1-3p (MIRT733186)
- hsa-miR-188-3p (MIRT763214)
- hsa-miR-605-5p (MIRT775423)
- hsa-miR-7849-3p (MIRT782183)
- hsa-miR-8485 (MIRT782446)
- hsa-miR-129-5p (MIRT783439)
- hsa-miR-1304-3p (MIRT783667)
- hsa-miR-3672 (MIRT785109)
- hsa-miR-4294 (MIRT785598)
- hsa-miR-6864-3p (MIRT789114)
- hsa-miR-8055 (MIRT789644)
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for ABL2
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For ABL2
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for ABL2
Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for ABL2 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * ABL2 as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Retro- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
- MG225596
- MG225599
- MR225596
- MR225596L3
- MR225596L4
- MR225599
- MR225599L3
- MR225599L4
- RC213232
- RC213232L1
- RC213232L2
- RC213232L3
- RC213232L4
- RC218110
- RC218110L1
- RC218110L2
- RC218110L3
- RC218110L4
- RC222989
- RC222989L1
- RC222989L2
- RC222989L3
- RC222989L4
- RC227191
- RC227191L3
- RC227191L4
- RC227207
- RC227207L3
- RC227207L4
- RC230629
- RC230629L3
- RC230629L4
- RC230632
- RC230632L3
- RC230632L4
- RC230645
- RC230645L3
- RC230645L4
- RC230665
- RC230665L3
- RC230665L4
- RG213232
- RG218110
- RG222989
- RG227191
- RG227207
- RG230629
- RG230632
- RG230645
- RG230665
- RR206195
- MR225596L3V
- MR225596L4V
- MR225599L3V
- MR225599L4V
- RC213232L1V
- RC213232L2V
- RC213232L3V
- RC213232L4V
- RC218110L1V
- RC218110L2V
- RC218110L3V
- RC218110L4V
- RC222989L1V
- RC222989L2V
- RC222989L3V
- RC222989L4V
- RC227191L3V
- RC227191L4V
- RC227207L3V
- RC227207L4V
- RC230629L3V
- RC230629L4V
- RC230632L3V
- RC230632L4V
- RC230645L3V
- RC230645L4V
- RC230665L3V
- RC230665L4V
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for ABL2
- Addgene plasmids for ABL2
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for ABL2
No data available for Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for ABL2 Gene
Localization for ABL2 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for ABL2 Gene
- Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| cytoskeleton | 5 |
| cytosol | 5 |
| nucleus | 4 |
| plasma membrane | 2 |
| extracellular | 2 |
| mitochondrion | 1 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 1 |
| endosome | 1 |
| lysosome | 1 |
| golgi apparatus | 1 |
- Nucleoplasm (3)
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005623 | cell | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005829 | cytosol | TAS | -- |
| GO:0005856 | cytoskeleton | IEA | -- |
| GO:0015629 | actin cytoskeleton | TAS | 20841568 |
Pathways & Interactions for ABL2 Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Developmental Biology |
.51
|
|
| 2 | Signaling by Robo receptor | ||
| 3 | ErbB signaling pathway | ||
| 4 | Ras signaling pathway | ||
| 5 | Allograft rejection | ||
Pathways by source for ABL2 Gene
4 Reactome pathways for ABL2 Gene
3 KEGG pathways for ABL2 Gene
4 Qiagen pathways for ABL2 Gene
- G-Protein Signaling through Tubby Protein
- Guidance Cues and Growth Cone Motility
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer
- Signaling by Slit
Interacting Proteins for ABL2 Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
P42684-ABL2_HUMAN
ENSP00000427562
for ABL2 Gene via
UniProtKB
MINT
STRING
IID
GPS-Prot Interaction Network for ABL2
SIGNOR curated interactions for ABL2 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006464 | cellular protein modification process | TAS | 2198571 |
| GO:0006468 | protein phosphorylation | IEA | -- |
| GO:0007155 | cell adhesion | IEA | -- |
| GO:0007165 | signal transduction | TAS | 2198571 |
| GO:0007204 | positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration | IMP | 24367707 |
Drugs & Compounds for ABL2 Gene
| Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dasatinib | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Target, multitarget, Inhibition, inhibitor | Kinase Inhibitors, SRC/BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors | 324 | |
| fostamatinib | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Target, inhibitor | Kinase Inhibitors | 0 | |
| Magnesium | Approved, Experimental, Investigational | Pharma | 0 | |||
| Manganese | Approved | Nutra | 56 | |||
| K-00546 | Experimental | Pharma | Target | 0 |
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADP |
|
Agonist, Full agonist, Partial agonist, Gating inhibitor, Antagonist | 58-64-0 |
|
(12) ApexBio Compounds for ABL2 Gene
| Compound | Action | Cas Number |
|---|---|---|
| Bafetinib (INNO-406) | Bcr-Abl/Lyn tyrosine kinase inhibitor | 887650-05-7 |
| Bosutinib (SKI-606) | Potent Abl/Src kinases | 380843-75-4 |
| DCC-2036 (Rebastinib) | Bcr-Abl inhibitor | 1020172-07-9 |
| GNF 2 | Bcr-Abl inhibitor | 778270-11-4 |
| GNF 5 | Bcr-Abl inhibitor | 778277-15-9 |
| GZD824 | Bcr-Abl inhibitor,novel orally bioavailable | 1421783-64-3 |
| Imatinib Mesylate (STI571) | Abl/c-kit/PDGFR inhibitor | 220127-57-1 |
| KW 2449 | Multikinase inhibitor | 1000669-72-6 |
| Nilotinib monohydrochloride monohydrate | 923288-90-8 | |
| Nilotinib(AMN-107) | Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitor,selective | 641571-10-0 |
| PD173955 | Dual Src/Abl kinase inhibitor, ATP-competitive, | 260415-63-2 |
| PP121 | Dual inhibitor of tyrosine and phosphoinositide kinases | 1092788-83-4 |
Transcripts for ABL2 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for ABL2 Gene
- 8 REFSEQ mRNAs :
- 15 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
- 15 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :
-
- ENST00000502732 12217 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000344730 6910 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000512653 3635 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000504405 3132 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000367623 3486 nts (view in UCSC)
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for ABL2 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * ABL2 CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for ABL2
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for ABL2
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for ABL2
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for ABL2
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For ABL2
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for ABL2
Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for ABL2 - Select products 50% OFF >
- * ABL2 as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Retro- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
- MG225596
- MG225599
- MR225596
- MR225596L3
- MR225596L4
- MR225599
- MR225599L3
- MR225599L4
- RC213232
- RC213232L1
- RC213232L2
- RC213232L3
- RC213232L4
- RC218110
- RC218110L1
- RC218110L2
- RC218110L3
- RC218110L4
- RC222989
- RC222989L1
- RC222989L2
- RC222989L3
- RC222989L4
- RC227191
- RC227191L3
- RC227191L4
- RC227207
- RC227207L3
- RC227207L4
- RC230629
- RC230629L3
- RC230629L4
- RC230632
- RC230632L3
- RC230632L4
- RC230645
- RC230645L3
- RC230645L4
- RC230665
- RC230665L3
- RC230665L4
- RG213232
- RG218110
- RG222989
- RG227191
- RG227207
- RG230629
- RG230632
- RG230645
- RG230665
- RR206195
- MR225596L3V
- MR225596L4V
- MR225599L3V
- MR225599L4V
- RC213232L1V
- RC213232L2V
- RC213232L3V
- RC213232L4V
- RC218110L1V
- RC218110L2V
- RC218110L3V
- RC218110L4V
- RC222989L1V
- RC222989L2V
- RC222989L3V
- RC222989L4V
- RC227191L3V
- RC227191L4V
- RC227207L3V
- RC227207L4V
- RC230629L3V
- RC230629L4V
- RC230632L3V
- RC230632L4V
- RC230645L3V
- RC230645L4V
- RC230665L3V
- RC230665L4V
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for ABL2
- Addgene plasmids for ABL2
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for ABL2
Relevant External Links for ABL2 Gene
- GeneLoc Exon Structure for
- ABL2
Expression for ABL2 Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
This gene is overexpressed in Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (33.9), Plasma (19.4), and Liver, secretome (6.6).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, MaxQB, and MOPED for ABL2 Gene
Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for ABL2
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for ABL2 Gene:
Hs.159472mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for ABL2 Gene:
P42684-ABL2_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Widely expressed.
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for ABL2 Gene
- Nervous system(4.8)
- Liver(4.5)
- Skin(2.4)
- Blood(2.3)
- Kidney(2.3)
- Bone marrow(2.2)
- Heart(2.1)
- Intestine(2.1)
- Muscle(2)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for ABL2
Gene Expression Assay Products
No data available for mRNA differential expression in normal tissues , Protein tissue co-expression partners and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for ABL2 Gene
Orthologs for ABL2 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | ABL2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | ABL2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | ABL2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Abl2 30 17 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Abl2 30 |
|
||
| Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | ABL2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | ABL2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | ABL2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | ABL2 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | abl2 30 |
|
||
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | abl2 30 31 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | Abl 31 32 |
|
OneToMany | |
| Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | T21G5.1 32 |
|
|
|
| kin-9 32 |
|
|
|||
| W04G5.10 32 |
|
|
|||
| spe-8 32 |
|
|
|||
| F57B9.8 32 |
|
|
|||
| Y38H6C.20 32 |
|
|
|||
| F22B3.8 32 |
|
|
|||
| abl-1 31 32 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| kin-26 32 |
|
|
|||
| C25A8.5 32 |
|
|
|||
| F23C8.7 32 |
|
|
|||
| T25B9.4 32 |
|
|
|||
| T25B9.5 32 |
|
|
|||
| Y69E1A.3 32 |
|
|
|||
| W01B6.5 32 |
|
|
|||
| K09B11.5 32 |
|
|
|||
| R11E3.1 32 |
|
|
|||
| ZK593.9 32 |
|
|
|||
| Y52D5A.2 32 |
|
|
|||
| Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | -- 31 |
|
OneToMany |
- Species where no ortholog for ABL2 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- Corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
- Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- Pig (Sus scrofa)
- Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- Rice (Oryza sativa)
- Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis)
- Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- Soybean (Glycine max)
- Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Evolution for ABL2 Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for ABL2 (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for ABL2 (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for ABL2: view image
Paralogs for ABL2 Gene
Paralogs for ABL2 Gene
(17) SIMAP similar genes for ABL2 Gene using alignment to 1 proteins:
- ABL2_HUMAN
Variants for ABL2 Gene
Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for ABL2 Gene
| SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 01 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 715839 | Likely Benign: not provided | 179,108,917(-) | T/A | MISSENSE_VARIANT,INTRON_VARIANT | |
| 758688 | Likely Benign: not provided | 179,117,342(-) | A/C | SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT | |
| 770497 | Benign: not provided | 179,108,478(-) | T/C | MISSENSE_VARIANT | |
| rs1553236156 | Uncertain Significance: Inborn genetic diseases | 179,229,355(-) | G/A | NONSENSE | |
| rs386352273 | Uncertain Significance: not provided | 179,109,182(-) | T/C | SYNONYMOUS_VARIANT,INTRON_VARIANT |
| Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| dgv469n100 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
| dgv470n100 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
| esv3575327 | CNV | gain | 25503493 |
| esv3578288 | CNV | loss | 25503493 |
| esv3588047 | CNV | loss | 21293372 |
| nsv1001191 | CNV | loss | 25217958 |
| nsv1002511 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
| nsv1005278 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
| nsv1009493 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
| nsv1122423 | CNV | deletion | 24896259 |
| nsv1137825 | CNV | deletion | 24896259 |
| nsv946521 | CNV | duplication | 23825009 |
| nsv946522 | CNV | duplication | 23825009 |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
3.2% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
2.93;
49.08% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for ABL2 Gene
- SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
- ABL2
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for ABL2 Gene
Disorders for ABL2 Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| leukemia |
|
|
| leukemia, chronic myeloid |
|
|
Search ABL2 in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Additional Disease Information for ABL2
- Genetic Association Database
- (GAD)
- Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
- (HuGE)
- Tumor Gene Database
- (TGDB)
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
- Open Targets Platform
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for ABL2 Gene
Publications for ABL2 Gene
- Eight full-length abelson related gene (Arg) isoforms are constitutively expressed in caki-1 cell line and cell distribution of two isoforms has been analyzed after transfection. (PMID: 18810762) Bianchi C … Perego RA (Journal of cellular biochemistry 2008) 3 4 23
- Interaction between c-Abl and Arg tyrosine kinases and proteasome subunit PSMA7 regulates proteasome degradation. (PMID: 16678104) Liu X … Cao C (Molecular cell 2006) 3 4 23
- Ubiquitination and degradation of the Arg tyrosine kinase is regulated by oxidative stress. (PMID: 15735735) Cao C … Kufe D (Oncogene 2005) 3 4 23
- A novel human gene closely related to the abl proto-oncogene. (PMID: 3787260) Kruh GD … Aaronson SA (Science (New York, N.Y.) 1986) 2 3 4
- A genome-wide meta-analysis of genetic variants associated with allergic rhinitis and grass sensitization and their interaction with birth order. (PMID: 22036096) Ramasamy A … Jarvis DL (The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2011) 3 41
ExternalLinks
Products for ABL2 Gene
- Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for ABL2
- Browse OriGene ELISA Kits
- Custom Assay Services
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for ABL2
- Origene Custom Protein Services for ABL2
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for ABL2
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For ABL2
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for ABL2
- OriGene CRISPR knockouts for ABL2
- MG225596
- MG225599
- MR225596
- MR225596L3
- MR225596L4
- MR225599
- MR225599L3
- MR225599L4
- RC213232
- RC213232L1
- RC213232L2
- RC213232L3
- RC213232L4
- RC218110
- RC218110L1
- RC218110L2
- RC218110L3
- RC218110L4
- RC222989
- RC222989L1
- RC222989L2
- RC222989L3
- RC222989L4
- RC227191
- RC227191L3
- RC227191L4
- RC227207
- RC227207L3
- RC227207L4
- RC230629
- RC230629L3
- RC230629L4
- RC230632
- RC230632L3
- RC230632L4
- RC230645
- RC230645L3
- RC230645L4
- RC230665
- RC230665L3
- RC230665L4
- RG213232
- RG218110
- RG222989
- RG227191
- RG227207
- RG230629
- RG230632
- RG230645
- RG230665
- RR206195
- MR225596L3V
- MR225596L4V
- MR225599L3V
- MR225599L4V
- RC213232L1V
- RC213232L2V
- RC213232L3V
- RC213232L4V
- RC218110L1V
- RC218110L2V
- RC218110L3V
- RC218110L4V
- RC222989L1V
- RC222989L2V
- RC222989L3V
- RC222989L4V
- RC227191L3V
- RC227191L4V
- RC227207L3V
- RC227207L4V
- RC230629L3V
- RC230629L4V
- RC230632L3V
- RC230632L4V
- RC230645L3V
- RC230645L4V
- RC230665L3V
- RC230665L4V
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Browse OriGene miRNA Products For ABL2
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for ABL2
- Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
- Browse Sino Biological Cell Lysates
- Browse Sino Biological Antibodies
- Browse Sino Biological Assays
- Browse cDNA Clones
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Browse CRO Services
- High-throughput Antibody Production Service
- Protein Production Service
- Epitope Tag Antibodies & Reporter Protein Antibodies
- Lentiviral ORF Clones
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for ABL2
- Novus Biologicals proteins and lysates for ABL2
- Browse Antibodies
- Browse Peptides and Proteins
- Browse Lysates
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Abcam antibodies for ABL2
- Abcam proteins for ABL2
- Find your target
- Browse Primary Antibodies
- Browse Conjugated Primary Antibodies
- Browse Secondary Antibodies
- Browse ELISA Kits
- Browse Matched Antibody Pairs
- Browse Proteins and Peptides
- Search Knockout (KO) Validated Antibodies
- Browse Monoclonal Antibodies
- Browse Recombinant Antibodies
- Taconic Biosciences Mouse Models for ABL2
- Find your next knockout model in the Taconic Knockout Repository
- Genetically Engineered Models Available Immediately
- Humanized Mice
- Invitrogen Antibodies for ABL2 (AFLGC-ABL2)
- ApexBio compounds for ABL2
- VectorBuilder Custom and pre-made DNA vectors for ABL2 (ie. gene expression, shRNA knockdown, CRISPR)
- VectorBuilder Viral vectors for ABL2 (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder CRISPR vectors for ABL2 (ie. knockout, knockin, CRISPRa, CRISPRi)
- VectorBuilder Virus packaging for ABL2 CRISPR vectors (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder Stable cell line generation for ABL2
- Addgene plasmids for ABL2
- antibodies-online: Show 55 available ABL2 Antibodies ranked by validation data
- antibodies-online: Search results for available ABL2 related products ranked by validation data
- antibodies-online: Search results for available ABL2 related products ranked by validation data
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for ABL2
- Search Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) for ABL2 siRNA/shRNA
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for ABL2
- Horizon Cell Lines for ABL2
- Browse GeneCopoeia Cell Lines
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for ABL2
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for ABL2
- Search GeneCopoeia for miRNA 3'UTR Target clone products for ABL2
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for ABL2
Sources for ABL2 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) NCBI Entrez Gene
- (4) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) Cell Signaling Technology
- (12) GO
- (13) UniProtKB/TrEMBL
- (14) InterPro
- (15) ProtoNet
- (16) Blocks
- (17) MGI
- (18) IUBMB
- (19) KEGG
- (20) MINT
- (21) STRING
- (22) IntAct
- (23) Novoseek
- (24) PharmGKB
- (25) DrugBank
- (26) HMDB
- (27) ASD
- (28) SAGE
- (29) SOURCE
- (30) HomoloGene
- (31) PanEnsembl
- (32) euGenes
- (33) SGD
- (34) FlyBase
- (35) WormBase
- (36) Pseudogene
- (37) DGV
- (38) dbSNP
- (39) GenAtlas
- (40) HGMD
- (41) GAD
- (42) BGMUT
- (43) HuGE
- (44) Atlas
- (45) GenBank
- (46) HORDE
- (47) HUGE
- (48) IMGT
- (49) Leiden
- (50) miRBase
- (51) DME
- (52) OriGene
- (53) PubMed
- (54) R&D Systems
- (55) TGDB
- (56) Tocris
- (57) Abcam
- (58) Novus Biologicals
- (59) ProSpec
- (60) Sino Biological
- (61) GenScript
- (62) Qiagen
- (63) OCA
- (64) Proteopedia
- (65) MOPED
- (66) neXtProt
- (67) Reactome
- (68) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (69) DISEASES
- (70) SIMAP
- (71) GenomeRNAi
- (72) LifeMap
- (73) miRTarBase
- (74) MalaCards
- (75) Invitrogen
- (76) BitterDB
- (77) ESI-BIO
- (78) RefSeq
- (79) BioSystems
- (80) MaxQB
- (81) IUPHAR
- (82) BioGPS
- (83) Illumina
- (84) COMPARTMENTS
- (85) HOMER
- (86) PaxDb
- (87) ApexBio
- (88) Addgene
- (89) antibodies-online
- (90) CYP
- (91) NONCODE
- (92) TreeFam
- (93) PathCards
- (94) GeneReviews
- (95) GeneTex
- (96) Taconic Biosciences
- (97) GTEx
- (98) ProteomicsDB
- (99) SCBT
- (100) DGIdb
- (101) ClinicalTrials
- (102) RVIS
- (103) SIGNOR
- (104) diseasecard
- (105) NIH Rare Diseases
- (106) Orphanet
- (107) UMLS
- (108) GTR
- (109) Disease Ontology
- (110) Genetics Home Reference
- (111) MeSH
- (112) MedlinePlus
- (113) CDC
- (114) NINDS
- (115) NCBI Bookshelf
- (116) ClinVar
- (117) Gene Damage Index
- (118) HPO
- (119) UDN
- (120) VISTA
- (121) FANTOM5
- (122) ENCODE
- (123) ProSci
- (124) Horizon
- (125) The Signaling Pathways Project (SPP)
- (126) IID
- (127) VectorBuilder
- (128) SNPedia
- (129) BRCA Exchange
- (130) CIViC
- (131) ProteoGenix
- (132) dbSUPER
- (133) TISSUES
- (134) Gene ORGANizer
- (135) abm
- (136) Human Protein Atlas
- (137) GWAS Catalog
- (138) Monarch Initiative
- (139) DataMed
- (140) HumanCyc
- (141) UCNEbase
- (142) EPDnew
- (143) Applied Biosystems
- (144) GlyConnect
- (145) Aminode
- (146) GeneCopoeia
- (147) GPS-Prot
- (148) RNACentral
- (149) LncRNADisease
- (150) LOVD
- (151) miR2Disease
- (152) DiseaseEnhancer
- (153) Boster Bio
- (154) Biorbyt
- (155) Biocompare
- (156) Mastermind
- (157) CTD^2 Dashboard
- (158) CraniofacialAtlas
- (159) GeneImprint
- (160) Synthego
- (161) ENA
- (162) GtRNAdb
- (163) LncBase
- (164) LncBook
- (165) LNCipedia
- (166) Modomics
- (167) PDBe
- (168) Rfam
- (169) SILVA
- (170) snOPY
- (171) SRPDB
- (172) GENCODE
- (173) TarBase
- (174) Signalway Antibody
- (175) Open Targets Platform
- (176) 5SRRNADB
- (177) snoDB
- (178) MirGeneDB