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The protein encoded by this gene was identified on the basis of its interaction with MAP3K12/DLK, a protein kinase known to be involved in the induction of cell apoptosis. This gene product contains a leucine zipper, which is a characteristic motif of transcription factors, and was shown to exhibit strong transactivation activity when fused to Gal4 DNA binding domain. Overexpre... See more...
Aliases for AATF Gene
Aliases for AATF Gene
External Ids for AATF Gene
- HGNC: 19235
- Entrez Gene: 26574
- Ensembl: ENSG00000275700
- OMIM: 608463
- UniProtKB: Q9NY61
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for AATF Gene
- GC17P034690
- GC17P037258
- GC17P035037
- GC17P035501
- GC17P032380
- GC17P035306
- GC17P031244
Summaries for AATF Gene
-
The protein encoded by this gene was identified on the basis of its interaction with MAP3K12/DLK, a protein kinase known to be involved in the induction of cell apoptosis. This gene product contains a leucine zipper, which is a characteristic motif of transcription factors, and was shown to exhibit strong transactivation activity when fused to Gal4 DNA binding domain. Overexpression of this gene interfered with MAP3K12 induced apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
GeneCards Summary for AATF Gene
AATF (Apoptosis Antagonizing Transcription Factor) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with AATF include Retinitis Pigmentosa 69 and Dysbaric Osteonecrosis. Among its related pathways are Signaling by GPCR and p75 NTR receptor-mediated signalling. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include protein domain specific binding.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for AATF Gene
-
May function as a general inhibitor of the histone deacetylase HDAC1. Binding to the pocket region of RB1 may displace HDAC1 from RB1/E2F complexes, leading to activation of E2F target genes and cell cycle progression. Conversely, displacement of HDAC1 from SP1 bound to the CDKN1A promoter leads to increased expression of this CDK inhibitor and blocks cell cycle progression. Also antagonizes PAWR mediated induction of aberrant amyloid peptide production in Alzheimer disease (presenile and senile dementia), although the molecular basis for this phenomenon has not been described to date.
Additional gene information for AATF Gene
- HGNC(19235)
- Entrez Gene(26574)
- Ensembl(ENSG00000275700)
- OMIM(608463)
- UniProtKB(Q9NY61)
- Open Targets Platform(ENSG00000275700)
- Search for AATF at DataMed
- Search for AATF at HumanCyc
No data available for CIViC Summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for AATF Gene
Genomics for AATF Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs
Promoters and enhancers for AATF Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication |
Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around AATF on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path
Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for AATF
- Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the AATF gene promoter:
-
- AP-1
- ARP-1
- ATF-2
- c-Fos
- c-Jun
- p53
Genomic Locations for AATF Gene
Genomic Locations for AATF Gene
- chr17:36,948,954-37,056,871
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 107,918 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
- chr17:35,306,175-35,414,171
- (GRCh37/hg19)
- Size:
- 107,997 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
Genomic View for AATF Gene
Genes around AATF on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 17q12 by HGNC
- 17q12 by Entrez Gene
- 17q12 by Ensembl
AATF Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for AATF Gene
Proteins for AATF Gene
-
Protein details for AATF Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- Q9NY61-AATF_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Protein AATF
- Protein Accession:
- Q9NY61
- A6NCJ6
- B3KQ26
- Q9P0A4
- Q9UNX5
Protein attributes for AATF Gene
- Size:
- 560 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 63133 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Binds PAWR, POLR2J, RB1/RB, RBL1/P107, RBL2/P130, and SP1. May also bind MAPT.
- SequenceCaution:
-
- Sequence=AAD52016.1; Type=Frameshift; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
Protein Expression for AATF Gene
Post-translational modifications for AATF Gene
- Hyperphosphorylated during the G1/S phase transition.
-
Ubiquitination at Lys159, Lys228, Lys246, Lys403, Lys475, Lys496, and Lys522
- NX_Q9NY61 (NX_Q9NY61-1)
- Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus
Other Protein References for AATF Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- LifeSpan BioSciences AATF Antibody and AATF Monoclonal Antibody
- G Biosciences Immunotag™ AATF Antibody
- Creative Diagnostics Anti-AATF (aa 151-250) polyclonal antibody
- Creative Biolabs Recombinant Mouse Anti-Human AATF Antibody (clone BBUG3C7)
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for AATF
-
Abcam antibodies for AATF
- Invitrogen Antibodies for AATF (AFLGC-Aatf)
-
Biorbyt antibodies for AATF
-
Custom Antibody ServicesProSci Antibodies for AATF
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for AATF
Protein Products
-
OriGene Purified Proteins for AATF
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for AATF
- Origene Custom Protein Services for AATF
-
Signalway Proteins for AATF
-
Abcam proteins for AATF
Assay Products
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for AATF Gene
Domains & Families for AATF Gene
Gene Families for AATF Gene
- HGNC:
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Predicted intracellular proteins
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for AATF Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
-
- Rb-binding protein Che-1 (AATF_HUMAN)
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
Q9NY61- Family:
-
- Belongs to the AATF family.
Function for AATF Gene
Molecular function for AATF Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- May function as a general inhibitor of the histone deacetylase HDAC1. Binding to the pocket region of RB1 may displace HDAC1 from RB1/E2F complexes, leading to activation of E2F target genes and cell cycle progression. Conversely, displacement of HDAC1 from SP1 bound to the CDKN1A promoter leads to increased expression of this CDK inhibitor and blocks cell cycle progression. Also antagonizes PAWR mediated induction of aberrant amyloid peptide production in Alzheimer disease (presenile and senile dementia), although the molecular basis for this phenomenon has not been described to date.
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for AATF Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0003723 | RNA binding | HDA | 22658674 |
| GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 10783144 |
| GO:0019901 | protein kinase binding | IEA | -- |
| GO:0043522 | leucine zipper domain binding | IEA,IPI | 10580117 |
| GO:0048156 | tau protein binding | IEA | -- |
Phenotypes for AATF Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for AATF:
- inferred from 1 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for AATF:
-
- no effect
- shRNA abundance <= 50%
- Decreased Salmonella enterica Typhimurium invasion
- Decreased Salmonella enterica Typhimurium effector injection
- Decreased Salmonella enterica Typhimurium ruffling
- Decreased viability in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lineage
- Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor)
- Increased hepcidin::fluc mRNA expression
- Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)
- Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)
- Nucleolar pre-40S maturation defects
- Decreased Aire reporter expression
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for AATF - Select products 50% OFF >
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-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for AATF
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for AATF
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for AATF
miRNA for AATF Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target AATF
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for AATF
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For AATF
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Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for AATF - Select products 50% OFF >
- * AATF as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Retro- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
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- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for AATF
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for AATF
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology , Animal Models , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for AATF Gene
Localization for AATF Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for AATF Gene
- Nucleus, nucleolus.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| nucleus | 5 |
| cytoskeleton | 3 |
| cytosol | 3 |
| golgi apparatus | 3 |
| plasma membrane | 2 |
| extracellular | 2 |
| mitochondrion | 2 |
| peroxisome | 1 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 1 |
| endosome | 1 |
| lysosome | 1 |
- Nucleoli (3)
- Nucleoplasm (2)
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005634 | nucleus | IEA,IDA | 10580117 |
| GO:0005654 | nucleoplasm | IDA | -- |
| GO:0005667 | transcription factor complex | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005730 | nucleolus | IBA,IDA | -- |
| GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IEA,IDA | 14627703 |
Pathways & Interactions for AATF Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | p75 NTR receptor-mediated signalling | ||
| 2 | Signaling by GPCR | ||
| 3 | RET signaling | ||
| 4 | Regulation of retinoblastoma protein | ||
Pathways by source for AATF Gene
1 BioSystems pathway for AATF Gene
5 Reactome pathways for AATF Gene
Interacting Proteins for AATF Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
Q9NY61-AATF_HUMAN
ENSP00000477848
for AATF Gene via
UniProtKB
MINT
STRING
IID
GPS-Prot Interaction Network for AATF
SIGNOR curated interactions for AATF Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006357 | regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | IBA | 21873635 |
| GO:0006974 | cellular response to DNA damage stimulus | IEP | 18049476 |
| GO:0007346 | regulation of mitotic cell cycle | IEA | -- |
| GO:0032929 | negative regulation of superoxide anion generation | IDA | 15207272 |
| GO:0042254 | ribosome biogenesis | IEA | -- |
Transcripts for AATF Gene
mRNA/cDNA for AATF Gene
- 1 REFSEQ mRNAs :
- 7 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
- 9 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :
-
- ENST00000619387 2062 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000613840 648 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000610798 601 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000616434 502 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000616392 474 nts (view in UCSC)
CRISPR Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for AATF - Select products 50% OFF >
- * AATF CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for AATF
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for AATF
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for AATF
miRNA Products
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for AATF
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For AATF
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for AATF
Clone Products
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for AATF - Select products 50% OFF >
- * AATF as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Retro- | Adeno- | AAV- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Gene synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, subcloning, and more services - Browse All
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for AATF
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for AATF
Relevant External Links for AATF Gene
- GeneLoc Exon Structure for
- AATF
Expression for AATF Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
- Brain (Nervous System)
- Neural Tube (Nervous System)
- Kidney (Urinary System)
- Thymus (Hematopoietic System)
This gene is overexpressed in Lung (17.6), Blymphocyte (11.6), Pancreas (9.2), and CD8 Tcells (7.5).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, MaxQB, and MOPED for AATF Gene
- Elite partner
Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for AATF
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for AATF Gene:
Hs.195740mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for AATF Gene:
Q9NY61-AATF_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Ubiquitously expressed. Expressed at high levels in brain, heart, kidney, placenta and thymus.
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for AATF Gene
- Skin(4.6)
- Blood(4.5)
- Muscle(4.5)
- Nervous system(4.2)
- Kidney(2.8)
- Liver(2.7)
- Heart(2.6)
- Spleen(2.6)
- Intestine(2.5)
- Lung(2.5)
- Lymph node(2.3)
- Eye(2.2)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for AATF
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for AATF
Gene Expression Assay Products
No data available for mRNA differential expression in normal tissues and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for AATF Gene
Orthologs for AATF Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | AATF 30 |
|
||
| Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | AATF 30 |
|
||
| Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | AATF 30 |
|
||
| Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Aatf 30 |
|
||
| Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Aatf 30 17 |
|
||
| Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | AATF 30 |
|
||
| Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | aatf 30 |
|
||
| Str.10137 30 |
|
||||
| African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia | Xl.7093 30 |
|
||
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | aatf 30 |
|
||
| sbcb109 30 |
|
||||
| Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) |
Actinopterygii | Omy.13361 30 |
|
||
| African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae) |
Insecta | AgaP_AGAP007394 30 |
|
||
| Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | Y73E7A.2 30 |
|
||
| Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) |
eudicotyledons | AT5G61330 30 |
|
||
| Rice (Oryza sativa) |
Liliopsida | Os01g0526200 30 |
|
- Species where no ortholog for AATF was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- Corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
- Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- Lizard (Anolis carolinensis)
- Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
- Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica)
- Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- Pig (Sus scrofa)
- Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
- Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis)
- Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- Soybean (Glycine max)
- Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Evolution for AATF Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for AATF (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for AATF (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for AATF: view image
Paralogs for AATF Gene
No data available for Paralogs for AATF Gene
Variants for AATF Gene
| Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| esv1366836 | CNV | deletion | 17803354 |
| esv2315584 | CNV | deletion | 18987734 |
| esv2457233 | CNV | deletion | 19546169 |
| esv2715886 | CNV | deletion | 23290073 |
| esv3554381 | CNV | deletion | 23714750 |
| esv3640480 | CNV | gain | 21293372 |
| nsv112350 | CNV | insertion | 16902084 |
| nsv112468 | CNV | insertion | 16902084 |
| nsv1142216 | CNV | tandem duplication | 24896259 |
| nsv833430 | CNV | gain+loss | 17160897 |
| nsv960597 | CNV | deletion | 23825009 |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
40.7% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
3.80;
58.29% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for AATF Gene
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assay Products
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for AATF Gene
Disorders for AATF Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| retinitis pigmentosa 69 |
|
|
| dysbaric osteonecrosis |
|
|
| lacrimal apparatus disease |
|
|
| alzheimer disease |
|
|
| lung cancer |
|
|
Search AATF in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Additional Disease Information for AATF
- Genetic Association Database
- (GAD)
- Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
- (HuGE)
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
- Open Targets Platform
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for AATF Gene
Publications for AATF Gene
- Identification of a novel partner of RNA polymerase II subunit 11, Che-1, which interacts with and affects the growth suppression function of Rb. (PMID: 10783144) Fanciulli M … Passananti C (FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2000) 2 3 4 23
- AATF inhibits aberrant production of amyloid beta peptide 1-42 by interacting directly with Par-4. (PMID: 14627703) Guo Q … Xie J (The Journal of biological chemistry 2004) 3 4 23
- AATF protects neural cells against oxidative damage induced by amyloid beta-peptide. (PMID: 15207272) Xie J … Guo Q (Neurobiology of disease 2004) 3 4 23
- Rb binding protein Che-1 interacts with Tau in cerebellar granule neurons. Modulation during neuronal apoptosis. (PMID: 14697667) Barbato C … Passananti C (Molecular and cellular neurosciences 2003) 3 4 23
- Identification of novel transcription factor-like gene from human intestinal cells. (PMID: 11027528) Lindfors K … Kainulainen H (Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2000) 2 3 4
ExternalLinks
Products for AATF Gene
- Custom Antibody Services
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- Novus Biologicals proteins and lysates for AATF
- Browse Antibodies
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- Abcam antibodies for AATF
- Abcam proteins for AATF
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- Browse Primary Antibodies
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- Browse Proteins and Peptides
- Search Knockout (KO) Validated Antibodies
- Browse Monoclonal Antibodies
- Browse Recombinant Antibodies
- Invitrogen Antibodies for AATF (AFLGC-Aatf)
- VectorBuilder Custom and pre-made DNA vectors for AATF (ie. gene expression, shRNA knockdown, CRISPR)
- VectorBuilder Viral vectors for AATF (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
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- VectorBuilder Stable cell line generation for AATF
- antibodies-online: Show 35 available AATF Antibodies ranked by validation data
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- antibodies-online: Show 12 available AATF Proteins ranked by validation data
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- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for AATF
- Search Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) for AATF siRNA/shRNA
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for AATF
- Custom Antibody ServicesProSci Antibodies for AATF
- Search for AATF Proteins at ProSci
- Browse GeneCopoeia Cell Lines
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for AATF
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- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for AATF
- Biorbyt antibodies for AATF
- Signalway Proteins for AATF
Sources for AATF Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) NCBI Entrez Gene
- (4) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) Cell Signaling Technology
- (12) GO
- (13) UniProtKB/TrEMBL
- (14) InterPro
- (15) ProtoNet
- (16) Blocks
- (17) MGI
- (18) IUBMB
- (19) KEGG
- (20) MINT
- (21) STRING
- (22) IntAct
- (23) Novoseek
- (24) PharmGKB
- (25) DrugBank
- (26) HMDB
- (27) ASD
- (28) SAGE
- (29) SOURCE
- (30) HomoloGene
- (31) PanEnsembl
- (32) euGenes
- (33) SGD
- (34) FlyBase
- (35) WormBase
- (36) Pseudogene
- (37) DGV
- (38) dbSNP
- (39) GenAtlas
- (40) HGMD
- (41) GAD
- (42) BGMUT
- (43) HuGE
- (44) Atlas
- (45) GenBank
- (46) HORDE
- (47) HUGE
- (48) IMGT
- (49) Leiden
- (50) miRBase
- (51) DME
- (52) OriGene
- (53) PubMed
- (54) R&D Systems
- (55) TGDB
- (56) Tocris
- (57) Abcam
- (58) Novus Biologicals
- (59) ProSpec
- (60) Sino Biological
- (61) GenScript
- (62) Qiagen
- (63) OCA
- (64) Proteopedia
- (65) MOPED
- (66) neXtProt
- (67) Reactome
- (68) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (69) DISEASES
- (70) SIMAP
- (71) GenomeRNAi
- (72) LifeMap
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