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The protein encoded by this gene is a protease inhibitor and cytokine transporter. It uses a bait-and-trap mechanism to inhibit a broad spectrum of proteases, including trypsin, thrombin and collagenase. It can also inhibit inflammatory cytokines, and it thus disrupts inflammatory cascades. Mutations in this gene are a cause of alpha-2-macroglobulin deficiency. This gene is imp... See more...
Aliases for A2M Gene
Aliases for A2M Gene
External Ids for A2M Gene
- HGNC: 7
- NCBI Entrez Gene: 2
- Ensembl: ENSG00000175899
- OMIM®: 103950
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P01023
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for A2M Gene
- GC12M008928
- GC12M009368
- GC12M009120
- GC12M009111
- GC12M009103
- GC12M009220
- GC12M009001
Summaries for A2M Gene
-
The protein encoded by this gene is a protease inhibitor and cytokine transporter. It uses a bait-and-trap mechanism to inhibit a broad spectrum of proteases, including trypsin, thrombin and collagenase. It can also inhibit inflammatory cytokines, and it thus disrupts inflammatory cascades. Mutations in this gene are a cause of alpha-2-macroglobulin deficiency. This gene is implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to its ability to mediate the clearance and degradation of A-beta, the major component of beta-amyloid deposits. A related pseudogene, which is also located on the p arm of chromosome 12, has been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2016]
GeneCards Summary for A2M Gene
A2M (Alpha-2-Macroglobulin) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with A2M include Alzheimer Disease and Alpha-2-Macroglobulin Deficiency. Among its related pathways are Lipoprotein metabolism and IL-6 signaling pathway. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include signaling receptor binding and serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity. An important paralog of this gene is PZP.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for A2M Gene
-
Is able to inhibit all four classes of proteinases by a unique 'trapping' mechanism. This protein has a peptide stretch, called the 'bait region' which contains specific cleavage sites for different proteinases. When a proteinase cleaves the bait region, a conformational change is induced in the protein which traps the proteinase. The entrapped enzyme remains active against low molecular weight substrates (activity against high molecular weight substrates is greatly reduced). Following cleavage in the bait region, a thioester bond is hydrolyzed and mediates the covalent binding of the protein to the proteinase.
Additional gene information for A2M Gene
No data available for CIViC Summary , Tocris Summary , Gene Wiki entry , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , Rfam classification and piRNA Summary for A2M Gene
Genomics for A2M Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements Pubs
Promoters and enhancers for A2M Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data from 2017 publication |
Request up-to-date GeneHancer data (full dataset)
GeneHancers around A2M on the GeneHancer Hub at the UCSC Golden Path
Cistromic (ChIP-Seq) regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for A2M
- Top Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the A2M gene promoter:
-
- AREB6
- CREB
- deltaCREB
- FAC1
- GR
- GR-alpha
- Lmo2
- STAT5A
Genomic Locations for A2M Gene
Latest Assembly
- chr12:9,067,664-9,116,229
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 48,566 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Previous Assembly
- chr12:9,220,304-9,268,825
- (GRCh37/hg19 by Entrez Gene)
- Size:
- 48,522 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for A2M Gene
Genes around A2M on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 12p13.31 by HGNC
- 12p13.31 by Entrez Gene
- 12p13.31 by Ensembl
A2M Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for A2M Gene
Proteins for A2M Gene
-
Protein details for A2M Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P01023-A2MG_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Alpha-2-macroglobulin
- Protein Accession:
- P01023
- Q13677
- Q59F47
- Q5QTS0
- Q68DN2
- Q6PIY3
- Q6PN97
Protein attributes for A2M Gene
- Size:
- 1474 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 163291 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Homotetramer; disulfide-linked.
- SequenceCaution:
-
- Sequence=AAT02228.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Extended N-terminus.; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; Sequence=BAD92851.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Extended N-terminus.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
Protein Expression for A2M Gene
Post-translational modifications for A2M Gene
Other Protein References for A2M Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibodies for research
- LifeSpan BioSciences A2M / Alpha-2-Macroglobulin Antibody (LS-B403) and A2M / Alpha-2-Macroglobulin Antibody (LS-B3119)
-
Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for A2M
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for A2M
-
Abcam antibodies for A2M
- Invitrogen Antibodies for A2M (AFLGC-A2M)
- antibodies-online: Show 329 available alpha-2-Macroglobulin Precursor Antibodies ranked by validation data
- Compare Top alpha-2-Macroglobulin Precursor Antibodies
-
Recommended
- 166 WB Antibodies (anti-human)
- 8 IHC Antibodies (anti-human)
- 4 IP Antibodies (anti-human)
- 2 IEP Antibodies (anti-human)
- 2 IHC (fro) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 2 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 1 FACS Antibody (anti-human)
- 1 ID Antibody (anti-human)
- 1 RIA Antibody (anti-human)
- 39 WB Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 1 ID Antibody (anti-rat)
- 1 IEP Antibody (anti-rat)
- 1 IHC Antibody (anti-rat)
- 39 WB Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 3 IEP Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 3 IHC Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 2 ID Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 1 FACS Antibody (anti-mouse)
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for A2M
- Sino Biological Antibodies for A2M
Protein products for research
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for A2M
- Origene Custom Protein Services for A2M
- Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins for A2M
- Sino Biological Cell Lysates for A2M
- ProSpec Recombinant Proteins for A2M
-
Abcam proteins for A2M
Assay products for research
- RayBiotech Human Alpha 2-M ELISA
-
Custom Assay ServicesOriGene ELISA Kits for A2M
- Novus Biologicals ELISA Kits for A2M
- antibodies-online: Show 101 available alpha-2-Macroglobulin Precursor Elisa Kits ranked by validation data
- Compare Top alpha-2-Macroglobulin Precursor Elisa Kits
-
Quality Products:
- ABIN6574245
- ABIN6720469
- ABIN6574110
- ABIN1113322
- ABIN5067591
- ABIN1672904
- ABIN1874321
- ABIN366856
- ABIN2683306
- ABIN2683305
- ABIN6574099
- ABIN2683308
- ABIN424560
- ABIN612742
- ABIN2541115
- ABIN1568083
- ABIN628087
- ABIN5651628
- ABIN4967008
- ABIN6200159
- ABIN6574246
- ABIN578033
- ABIN4947343
- ABIN5522864
- ABIN4993764
- ABIN2683311
- ABIN1568084
- ABIN5593472
- ABIN627273
-
Abcam assays for A2M
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for A2M Gene
Domains & Families for A2M Gene
Gene Families for A2M Gene
- HGNC:
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Cancer-related genes
- Candidate cardiovascular disease genes
- Plasma proteins
- Predicted secreted proteins
Protein Domains for A2M Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
-
- Alpha-2-macroglobulin
- Alpha-2-macroglobulin, N-terminal
- Alpha-macroglobulin, receptor-binding
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for A2M Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
-
- C3 and PZP-like alpha-2-macroglobulin domain-containing protein 5 (A2MG_HUMAN)
- Alpha-2-macroglobulin (Q9BQ22_HUMAN)
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P01023UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:
A2MG_HUMAN :- Belongs to the protease inhibitor I39 (alpha-2-macroglobulin) family.
- Family:
-
- Belongs to the protease inhibitor I39 (alpha-2-macroglobulin) family.
Function for A2M Gene
Molecular function for A2M Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Is able to inhibit all four classes of proteinases by a unique 'trapping' mechanism. This protein has a peptide stretch, called the 'bait region' which contains specific cleavage sites for different proteinases. When a proteinase cleaves the bait region, a conformational change is induced in the protein which traps the proteinase. The entrapped enzyme remains active against low molecular weight substrates (activity against high molecular weight substrates is greatly reduced). Following cleavage in the bait region, a thioester bond is hydrolyzed and mediates the covalent binding of the protein to the proteinase.
- GENATLAS Biochemistry:
- macroglobulin,alpha-2- (protease inhibitor),may be implicated in susceptibility to Alzheimer disease (AD5)
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for A2M Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0002020 | protease binding | IPI | 18485748 |
| GO:0004866 | endopeptidase inhibitor activity | IEA,IBA | 21873635 |
| GO:0004867 | serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity | IEA,IDA | 12538697 |
| GO:0005102 | signaling receptor binding | IMP | 15226301 |
| GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 6698368 |
Phenotypes for A2M Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for A2M:
- inferred from 1 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for A2M:
-
- Increased vaccinia virus (VACV) infection
- Decreased viability
- shRNA abundance <= 50%
- Mildly decreased CFP-tsO45G cell surface transport
- Reduced mammosphere formation
- no effect
- Decreased vaccinia virus (VACV) infection
- Negative genetic interaction between MUS81-/- and MUS81+/+
- Decreased ionizing radiation sensitivity
- Synthetic lethal with Ras
- Decreased viability in esophageal squamous lineage
- Decreased viability with carboplatin
- Lamellipodia cells
Animal Models for A2M Gene
- MGI Knock Outs for A2M:
-
- A2m A2m<tm1b(NCOM)Mfgc>
Animal Models for research
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
CRISPR products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for A2M - Starting at $85 >
- * A2M CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: Non-viral | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | siRNA - Browse All
- * Cas9 Nucleases, Nickases, Null Mutants, and GFP tag also available.
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for A2M
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for A2M
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for A2M
miRNA for A2M Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target A2M
miRNA products for research
Inhibitory RNAs for research
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for A2M
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For A2M
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for A2M
Clone products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for A2M - Starting at $45 >
- * A2M as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Retro- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Viral Packaging Services and High Titer Production Services also available.
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for A2M
- Addgene plasmids for A2M
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for A2M
Cell Lines for research
-
Horizon Cell Lines for A2M
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for A2M Gene
Localization for A2M Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for A2M Gene
- Secreted.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| extracellular | 5 |
| cytosol | 5 |
| plasma membrane | 3 |
| nucleus | 3 |
| cytoskeleton | 2 |
| mitochondrion | 2 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 2 |
| endosome | 2 |
| lysosome | 2 |
| golgi apparatus | 2 |
| peroxisome | 1 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005576 | extracellular region | TAS | -- |
| GO:0005615 | extracellular space | IBA | 21873635 |
| GO:0005829 | cytosol | TAS | -- |
| GO:0031093 | platelet alpha granule lumen | TAS | -- |
| GO:0062023 | colocalizes_with collagen-containing extracellular matrix | HDA | 28327460 |
No data available for Subcellular locations from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for A2M Gene
Pathways & Interactions for A2M Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+ |
.44
|
|
| 2 | Formation of Fibrin Clot (Clotting Cascade) | ||
| 3 | Lipoprotein metabolism | ||
| 4 | Complement and coagulation cascades | ||
| 5 | Sertoli-Sertoli Cell Junction Dynamics |
Germ Cell-Sertoli Cell Junction Dynamics
.38
|
Sertoli-Sertoli Cell Junction Dynamics
.38
|
Pathways by source for A2M Gene
2 BioSystems pathways for A2M Gene
16 Reactome pathways for A2M Gene
1 KEGG pathway for A2M Gene
2 R&D Systems pathways for A2M Gene
4 Qiagen pathways for A2M Gene
- Alzheimers Disease Pathway
- Germ Cell-Sertoli Cell Junction Dynamics
- Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases
- Sertoli-Sertoli Cell Junction Dynamics
Interacting Proteins for A2M Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
P01023-A2MG_HUMAN
ENSP00000323929
for A2M Gene via
UniProtKB
MINT
STRING
IID
GPS-Prot Interaction Network for A2M
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0001869 | negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway | IDA | 12538697 |
| GO:0002576 | platelet degranulation | TAS | -- |
| GO:0007597 | blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway | TAS | -- |
| GO:0010466 | negative regulation of peptidase activity | IEA | -- |
| GO:0010951 | negative regulation of endopeptidase activity | IEA | -- |
Drugs & Compounds for A2M Gene
| Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacitracin | Approved, Vet_approved | Pharma | Target, inhibitor | 43 | ||
| Becaplermin | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Target | 25 | ||
| Cisplatin | Approved | Pharma | Target | Inhibits DNA synthesis,chemotherapy drug, Potent pro-apoptotic anticancer agent; activates caspase-3, Platinum | 3624 | |
| Copper | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Carrier, binder | 276 | ||
| Mangafodipir | Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn | Pharma | Carrier, binder | 0 |
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs |
|---|
Transcripts for A2M Gene
mRNA/cDNA for A2M Gene
- 4 REFSEQ mRNAs :
- 15 NCBI additional mRNA sequence :
- 13 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links to gene/alias where relevant :
-
- ENST00000318602 4610 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000404455 623 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000462568 546 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000467091 533 nts (view in UCSC)
- ENST00000472360 692 nts (view in UCSC)
CRISPR products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): CRISPR Clones for A2M - Starting at $85 >
- * A2M CRISPR as ready-to-use vector or virus: Non-viral | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | siRNA - Browse All
- * Cas9 Nucleases, Nickases, Null Mutants, and GFP tag also available.
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for A2M
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for A2M
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for A2M
miRNA products for research
Inhibitory RNAs for research
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for A2M
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For A2M
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for A2M
Clone products for research
- Applied Biological Materials (abm): Clones for A2M - Starting at $45 >
- * A2M as ready-to-use vector or virus: ORF | Lenti- | Adeno- | AAV- | Retro- | Protein Vector - Browse All
- * Viral Packaging Services and High Titer Production Services also available.
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for A2M
- Addgene plasmids for A2M
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for A2M
| ExUns: | 1 | ^ | 2a | · | 2b | · | 2c | · | 2d | · | 2e | ^ | 3a | · | 3b | ^ | 4 | ^ | 5a | · | 5b | ^ | 6a | · | 6b | ^ | 7 | ^ | 8 | ^ | 9a | · | 9b | ^ | 10a | · | 10b | ^ | 11a | · | 11b | ^ | 12a | · | 12b | ^ | 13a | · | 13b | ^ | 14a | · |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP2: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP3: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP4: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP5: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP6: | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP7: | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP8: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP9: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP10: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP11: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP12: | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP13: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP14: |
| ExUns: | 14b | ^ | 15a | · | 15b | ^ | 16 | ^ | 17a | · | 17b | ^ | 18a | · | 18b | ^ | 19 | ^ | 20a | · | 20b | · | 20c | ^ | 21a | · | 21b | ^ | 22 | ^ | 23 | ^ | 24a | · | 24b | ^ | 25 | ^ | 26 | ^ | 27a | · | 27b | ^ | 28a | · | 28b | ^ | 29 | ^ | 30 | ^ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP2: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP3: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP4: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP5: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP6: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP7: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP8: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP9: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP10: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP11: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP12: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP13: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP14: |
| ExUns: | 31 | ^ | 32 | ^ | 33 | ^ | 34 | ^ | 35 | ^ | 36 | ^ | 37 | ^ | 38 | ^ | 39 | ^ | 40 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | |||||||||||||||||||
| SP2: | |||||||||||||||||||
| SP3: | |||||||||||||||||||
| SP4: | |||||||||||||||||||
| SP5: | |||||||||||||||||||
| SP6: | |||||||||||||||||||
| SP7: | |||||||||||||||||||
| SP8: | |||||||||||||||||||
| SP9: | |||||||||||||||||||
| SP10: | |||||||||||||||||||
| SP11: | |||||||||||||||||||
| SP12: | |||||||||||||||||||
| SP13: | |||||||||||||||||||
| SP14: |
Relevant External Links for A2M Gene
- GeneLoc Exon Structure for
- A2M
Expression for A2M Gene
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for A2M Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Lung (x7.4) and Liver (x4.6).
This gene is overexpressed in Synovial fluid (27.9) and Plasma (17.5).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, MaxQB, and MOPED for A2M Gene
- Elite partner
Transcriptomic regulation report from SPP (The Signaling Pathways Project) for A2M
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for A2M Gene:
Hs.212838mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for A2M Gene:
P01023-A2MG_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Secreted in plasma.
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for A2M Gene
- Liver(5)
- Nervous system(4.9)
- Skin(4.8)
- Lung(4.8)
- Intestine(4.7)
- Spleen(4.7)
- Bone marrow(4.4)
- Muscle(4.1)
- Heart(4)
- Kidney(4)
- Eye(3.9)
- Stomach(3.7)
- Gall bladder(3.7)
- Pancreas(3.5)
- Blood(3.1)
- Adrenal gland(2.9)
- Lymph node(2.8)
- Thyroid gland(2.7)
Primer products for research
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for A2M
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for A2M
Gene Expression Assays for research
No data available for mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for A2M Gene
Orthologs for A2M Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | A2M 29 30 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | A2M 29 30 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | A2M 29 30 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | A2m 29 |
|
||
| Mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | A2m 29 16 30 |
|
OneToOne | |
| Oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | -- 30 |
|
OneToMany | |
| Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | -- 30 |
|
ManyToMany | |
| -- 30 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| -- 30 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| Chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | -- 30 |
|
ManyToMany | |
| A2M 29 |
|
||||
| -- 30 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| -- 30 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| Lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | -- 30 |
|
ManyToMany | |
| -- 30 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| Tropical Clawed Frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | a2m 29 |
|
||
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | LOC100006925 29 |
|
||
| Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) |
Actinopterygii | Omy.10981 29 |
|
||
| Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | TepII 31 |
|
|
- Species where no ortholog for A2M was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Eremothecium gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- Alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- Amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- Beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- Bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- Common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- Corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- Filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- Fission Yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- Green Algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. Lactis Yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- Loblloly Pine (Pinus taeda)
- Malaria Parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- Medicago Trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- Moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- Pig (Sus scrofa)
- Rice (Oryza sativa)
- Rice Blast Fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- Schistosome Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- Sea Anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- Sea Vase (Ciona intestinalis)
- Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- Soybean (Glycine max)
- Stem Rust Fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
- Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Evolution for A2M Gene
- ENSEMBL:
- Gene Tree for A2M (if available)
- TreeFam:
- Gene Tree for A2M (if available)
- Aminode:
- Evolutionary constrained regions (ECRs) for A2M: view image
- Alliance of Genome Resources:
- Additional Orthologs for A2M
Paralogs for A2M Gene
(5) SIMAP similar genes for A2M Gene using alignment to 7 proteins:
- A2MG_HUMAN
- F5H1E8_HUMAN
- F8W7L3_HUMAN
- H0YFH1_HUMAN
- H0YGH6_HUMAN
- L0R6B6_HUMAN
- Q9BQ22_HUMAN
Variants for A2M Gene
Sequence variations, with clinical significance, from ClinVar and Humsavar, with links to dbSNP for A2M Gene
| SNP ID | Clinical significance and condition | Chr 12 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18173 | Benign: ALPHA-2-MACROGLOBULIN POLYMORPHISM | 9,093,579(-) |
TCTATGGTGAGTGAGG
NM_000014.5(A2M):c.2125+1_2126-1del |
SPLICE_ACCEPTOR_VARIANT,SPLICE_DONOR | |
| 974740 | Uncertain Significance: Aganglionic megacolon | 9,092,895(-) |
G/GCTATGCGTAATGG
NC_000012.12:g.9092896_9155947dup |
||
| rs114155623 | Benign: not provided | 9,090,420(-) |
C/T NM_000014.6(A2M):c.2532G>A (p.Ala844=) |
SYNONYMOUS | |
| rs140258425 | Benign: not provided | 9,107,574(-) |
C/T NM_000014.6(A2M):c.829G>A (p.Asp277Asn) |
MISSENSE | |
| rs1799759 | Benign: ALPHA-2-MACROGLOBULIN POLYMORPHISM; Alzheimer disease, susceptibility to; not specified | 9,093,580(-) |
CTATGG/C NM_000014.5(A2M):c.2126-6_2126-2del |
SPLICE_ACCEPTOR |
All consequence types are included: molecular consequences (e.g. missense, synonymous), and location-based (e.g. intron, upstream).
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
31.9% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
8.07;
84.40% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for A2M Gene
SNP Genotyping and Copy Number Assays for research
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for A2M Gene
Disorders for A2M Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| alzheimer disease |
|
|
| alpha-2-macroglobulin deficiency |
|
|
| subendocardial myocardial infarction |
|
|
| mastitis |
|
|
| gingivitis |
|
|
Search A2M in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Genatlas disease for A2M Gene
emphysema with lung destruction II (macroglobulin,alpha-2- deficiency)
Additional Disease Information for A2M
- Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
- (HuGE)
- Atlas
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
- Atlas
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
- Open Targets Platform
- Open Targets Platform
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for A2M Gene
Publications for A2M Gene
- Cloning of the human alpha 2-macroglobulin gene and detection of mutations in two functional domains: the bait region and the thiolester site. (PMID: 1370808) Poller W … Olek K (Human genetics 1992) 3 4 22 72
- Increased risk for Alzheimer disease with the interaction of MPO and A2M polymorphisms. (PMID: 15023809) Zappia M … Quattrone A (Archives of neurology 2004) 3 40 72
- Human alpha2-macroglobulin: genotype-phenotype relation. (PMID: 14637088) Birkenmeier G … Reichenbach A (Experimental neurology 2003) 3 22 40
- Alpha-2 macroglobulin is genetically associated with Alzheimer disease. (PMID: 9697696) Blacker D … Tanzi RE (Nature genetics 1998) 2 3 40
- Structure of the human alpha-2 macroglobulin gene and its promotor. (PMID: 1374237) Matthijs G … Marynen P (Biochemical and biophysical research communications 1992) 3 4 22
ExternalLinks
Products for A2M Gene
- View all 7 R&D Systems A2M (alpha 2-Macroglobulin) Products
- View all R&D Systems A2M (alpha 2-Macroglobulin) Proteins and Enzymes
- View all 4 R&D Systems A2M (alpha 2-Macroglobulin) Primary Antibodies
- View all R&D Systems A2M (alpha 2-Macroglobulin) ELISAs
- View all R&D Systems A2M (alpha 2-Macroglobulin) Luminex Assays
- Learn more about R&D Systems custom A2M antibody, protein, and immunoassay development services
- Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for A2M
- Custom Assay ServicesOriGene ELISA Kits for A2M
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for A2M
- Origene Custom Protein Services for A2M
- Origene shrna, sirna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for A2M
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For A2M
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for A2M
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for A2M
- OriGene CRISPR knockouts for A2M
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Browse OriGene miRNA Products For A2M
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for A2M
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- Browse Sino Biological Assays
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- High-throughput Antibody Production Service
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- Epitope Tag Antibodies & Reporter Protein Antibodies
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- Novus Biologicals proteins and lysates for A2M
- Novus Biologicals ELISA Kits for A2M
- Browse Antibodies
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- VectorBuilder Custom and pre-made DNA vectors for A2M (ie. gene expression, shRNA knockdown, CRISPR)
- VectorBuilder Viral vectors for A2M (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder CRISPR vectors for A2M (ie. knockout, knockin, CRISPRa, CRISPRi)
- VectorBuilder Virus packaging for A2M CRISPR vectors (ie. lentivirus, AAV, adenovirus)
- VectorBuilder Stable cell line generation for A2M
- Addgene plasmids for A2M
- antibodies-online: Show 329 available alpha-2-Macroglobulin Precursor Antibodies ranked by validation data
- Compare Top alpha-2-Macroglobulin Precursor Antibodies
- Recommended
- 166 WB Antibodies (anti-human)
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- 2 IHC (fro) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 2 IHC (p) Antibodies (anti-human)
- 1 FACS Antibody (anti-human)
- 1 ID Antibody (anti-human)
- 1 RIA Antibody (anti-human)
- 39 WB Antibodies (anti-rat)
- 1 ID Antibody (anti-rat)
- 1 IEP Antibody (anti-rat)
- 1 IHC Antibody (anti-rat)
- 39 WB Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 3 IEP Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 3 IHC Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 2 ID Antibodies (anti-mouse)
- 1 FACS Antibody (anti-mouse)
- antibodies-online: Show 101 available alpha-2-Macroglobulin Precursor Elisa Kits ranked by validation data
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- ABIN6574245
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- antibodies-online: Show 38 available alpha-2-Macroglobulin Precursor Proteins ranked by validation data
- Compare Top alpha-2-Macroglobulin Precursor Proteins
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for A2M
- Search Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) for A2M siRNA/shRNA
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for A2M
- Horizon Cell Lines for A2M
- Browse GeneCopoeia Cell Lines
- Search GeneCopoeia for CRISPR/Cas9 clones, lentivirus and AAV products for A2M
- Search GeneCopoeia for ORF cDNA, lentivirus, AAV viral particles and/or promoter clone products for A2M
- Search GeneCopoeia for miRNA 3'UTR Target clone products for A2M
- Search GeneCopoeia for shRNA, lentivirus and/or AAV clone products for A2M
Sources for A2M Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) NCBI Entrez Gene
- (4) UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM® (Updated: 05-Apr-2021)
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) Cell Signaling Technology
- (12) GO
- (13) UniProtKB/TrEMBL
- (14) InterPro
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) IntAct
- (22) Novoseek
- (23) PharmGKB
- (24) DrugBank
- (25) HMDB
- (26) ASD
- (27) SAGE
- (28) SOURCE
- (29) HomoloGene
- (30) PanEnsembl
- (31) euGenes
- (32) SGD
- (33) FlyBase
- (34) WormBase
- (35) Pseudogene
- (36) DGV
- (37) dbSNP
- (38) GenAtlas
- (39) HGMD
- (40) GAD
- (41) BGMUT
- (42) HuGE
- (43) Atlas
- (44) GenBank
- (45) HORDE
- (46) HUGE
- (47) IMGT
- (48) Leiden
- (49) miRBase
- (50) DME
- (51) OriGene
- (52) PubMed
- (53) R&D Systems
- (54) Tocris
- (55) Abcam
- (56) Novus Biologicals
- (57) ProSpec
- (58) Sino Biological
- (59) GenScript
- (60) Qiagen
- (61) OCA
- (62) Proteopedia
- (63) MOPED
- (64) neXtProt
- (65) Reactome
- (66) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (67) DISEASES
- (68) SIMAP
- (69) GenomeRNAi
- (70) LifeMap
- (71) miRTarBase
- (72) MalaCards
- (73) Invitrogen
- (74) BitterDB
- (75) ESI-BIO
- (76) RefSeq
- (77) BioSystems
- (78) MaxQB
- (79) IUPHAR
- (80) BioGPS
- (81) Illumina
- (82) COMPARTMENTS
- (83) HOMER
- (84) PaxDb
- (85) ApexBio
- (86) Addgene
- (87) antibodies-online
- (88) CYP
- (89) NONCODE
- (90) TreeFam
- (91) PathCards
- (92) GeneReviews
- (93) GeneTex
- (94) Taconic Biosciences
- (95) GTEx
- (96) ProteomicsDB
- (97) SCBT
- (98) DGIdb
- (99) ClinicalTrials
- (100) RVIS
- (101) SIGNOR
- (102) diseasecard
- (103) NIH Rare Diseases
- (104) Orphanet
- (105) UMLS
- (106) GTR
- (107) Disease Ontology
- (108) MedlinePlus Genetics
- (109) MeSH
- (110) MedlinePlus
- (111) CDC
- (112) NINDS
- (113) NCBI Bookshelf
- (114) ClinVar
- (115) Gene Damage Index
- (116) HPO
- (117) UDN
- (118) VISTA
- (119) FANTOM5
- (120) ENCODE
- (121) ProSci
- (122) Horizon
- (123) The Signaling Pathways Project (SPP)
- (124) IID
- (125) VectorBuilder
- (126) SNPedia
- (127) BRCA Exchange
- (128) CIViC
- (129) ProteoGenix
- (130) dbSUPER
- (131) TISSUES
- (132) Gene ORGANizer
- (133) abm
- (134) Human Protein Atlas
- (135) GWAS Catalog