GeneCards sources and external links

The information presented in GeneCards is extracted from or linked to the following databases:

• AceView offers an integrated view of the human and nematode genes as reconstructed by mRNA and EST alignments.
• Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Inc, (ACD) provides multiplex fluorescent and chromogenic in situ hybridization kits, assays, and probes, to unlock the power of RNA biomarkers.
• The Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) maintains a database of alternative splice events and the resultant isoform splice patterns of genes from human, and other model species.
• ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology.
• BGMUT is the Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database of variations in the genes that encode antigens of blood group systems.
• BioTime, Inc. is a biotechnology company engaged in areas of biomedical research including stem cell technology and products for use in regenerative medicine.
• BLOCKS is a database of Blocks multiply aligned ungapped segments corresponding to the most highly conserved regions of proteins.
• BioGPS is a service from the Genomics Institute of Novartis Research Foundation which provides an integrated portal which displays gene-centric annotation, including "annotation" based on reference gene expression data sets.
• CGAP (The Cancer Genome Anatomy Project) determines the gene expression profiles of normal, precancer, and cancer cells, leading eventually to improved detection, diagnosis, and treatment for the patient.
• CroW21 is the Human Chromosome 21 Database at the Weizmann Institute of Science.
• CST (Cell Signaling Technology) provides discovery tools for cell signaling research, including information about pathways and phosphorylation sites.
• The Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) provides a comprehensive summary of structural variation in the human genome.
• Data Mining of Enzymes (DME): a Web service that provides Specific Peptides for arbitrary proteins, determining from its sequence whether a protein is an enzyme and what the enzyme's EC classification is.
• DNA2.0 is a provider of synthetic genes, exploiting the synergy between a highly efficient gene synthesis process and new protein optimization technologies.
• DOTS (Database Of Transcribed Sequences) developed by the Computational Biology and Informatics Laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania.
• The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information.
• ECgene: a new EST clustering method that produces gene models based on genomic alignment of mRNA and ESTs.
• EnrichNet measures the association between gene sets and functional pathways/processes.
• Ensembl: a software system producing and maintaining automatic annotation on eukaryotic genomes, which provides identification of known human genes in the genome sequence, prediction of additional genes with supporting evidence, and ortholog predictions based on duplication aware phylogenetic trees.
• EntrezGene at NCBI provides a single query interface to curated sequence and descriptive information about genetic loci.
• Enzo Life Sciences incorporates BIOMOL, a supplier of specialty biochemicals, with applications in signal transduction, lipid research, apoptosis, neuroscience and drug discovery.
• Epitomics: maker and commercial supplier of highest-quality monoclonal antibodies for human therapeutics development.
• euGenes: Genomic Information for Eukaryotic Organisms Database for more details on similar genes in other organisms.
• EXPOLDB: a database of expression variation in blood leukocytes in monozygotic twins and unrelated individuals.
• FlyBase: a database of the Drosophila genome.
• Genatlas: a catalog of genes, markers and phenotypes with many links to major data sources. GeneCards offers the short description of the gene that often contains interesting, concise information about its cellular functions and/or role in diseases.
• GeneIP provides researchers with the ability to find patents and prior art related to a gene or protein.
• GenBank: the NIH genetic sequence database, an annotated collection of all publicly available DNA sequences.
• GeneAnnot: Annotation of high-density oligunocleotide arrays at the Weizmann Institute of Science, with links to Affymetrix probe-sets.
• GeneLoc (formerly The Unified DataBase (UDB)) integrates information on the human genome, with emphasis on mapping information. Mapped DNA segments, classified by categories (such as genes, EST clusters and STSs mapped by various methods) are presented on a Megabase-scale integrated map, with further links to relevant databases.
• GeneNote: the Gene Normal Tissue Expression database at the Weizmann Institute of Science
• GeneTests (formerly GeneClinics): a clinical information resource relating genetic testing to the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of individuals and families with specific inherited disorders.
• The Genetic Association Database (GAD) is an archive of human genetic association studies of complex diseases and disorders.
• GeneTide, the Gene Terra Incognita Discovery Endeavor, is an automated system for human transcript (mRNAs & ESTs) annotation and elucidation of de-novo genes.
• Gene Wiki is a project that facilitates transferring information on human genes to Wikipedia article stubs with the goal of promoting collaboration and expansion of the articles.
• Genomica is an analysis and visualization tool for genomic data that integrates gene expression data, DNA sequence data, and gene and experiment annotation information.
• GenScript is a biology clinical research organization focusing exclusively on early drug discovery and development services.
• GO, the Gene Ontology, is a dynamic controlled vocabulary that can be applied to all organisms even as knowledge of gene and protein roles in cells is accumulating and changing.
• The International HapMap Project aims to develop a public resource that will help researchers find genes associated with human disease and response to pharmaceuticals.
• HGMD (Human Gene Mutation Database): information about disease-causing mutations in genes. GeneCards presents a link to specific entries in this database whenever they can be found.
• HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database) is an electronic database containing detailed information about small molecule metabolites found in the human body.
• HInv-DB: H-Invitational Database (H-InvDB) is an integrated database of curated annotations of human genes and transcripts.
• HomoloGene: a resource of curated and calculated orthologs for genes as represented by UniGene or by annotation of genomic sequences.
• HORDE is the Human Olfactory Receptor Data Explorer at the Weizmann Institute of Science.
• HUGE: the Database of Human Unidentified Gene-Encoded Large Proteins.
• The Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator (HuGE Navigator) provides access to a continuously updated knowledge base in human genome epidemiology, including information on population prevalence of genetic variants, gene-disease associations, gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, and evaluation of genetic tests.
• HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) is the central clearinghouse for assigning gene names.
• I2D (Interologous Interaction Database) is an online database of known and predicted mammalian and eukaryotic protein-protein interactions.
• ImMunoGeneTics Information System (IMGT): a high-quality integrated information system specialising in Immunoglobulins (IG), T cell receptors (TR) and Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules of all vertebrate species.
• IntAct: IntAct provides a freely available, open source database system and analysis tools for protein interaction data. All interactions are derived from literature curation or direct user submissions and are freely available.
• InterPro: a database of protein families, domains and functional sites in which identifiable features found in known proteins can be applied to unknown protein sequences.
• IUBMB: The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - the Nomenclature Committee
• Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) provides pathway information.
• Leiden Muscular Dystrophy pages.
• LSDB: The Human Genome Variation Society's Locus Specific Mutation Databases.
• MGI (Mouse Genome Informatics, formerly MGD) provides a comprehensive source of information on the experimental genetics of the laboratory mouse; it includes information on mouse markers, mammalian homologies, probes and clones. GeneCards presents links to mammalian homology pages, the name of the mouse gene, its location (in centiMorgan), phenotypic alleles, and links to the entries for the mouse gene.
• EMD Millipore offers a broad range of Life Science tools, technologies, and services, and creates personalized solutions to industry challenges to assure scientific success.
• MINT (Molecular Interactions Database) focuses on experimentally verified protein interactions with special emphasis on proteomes from mammalian organisms, consists of entries mined in the scientific literature by curators.
• miRBase is the new home for microRNA data, incorporating the database and gene naming roles previously provided by the miRNA Registry, and including the new miRBase Target database.
• Nature 405, 311-319: is the chromosome 21 mapping and sequencing consortium paper entitled "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 21".
• NCBI Bookshelf provides free access to over 700 texts in life science and healthcare.
• neXtProt offers seamless integration of human protein data.
• Novoseek extracts knowledge from biological databases and text repositories, enabling users to uncover the knowledge hidden within these data sources.
• Novus Biologicals provides the biological research community with a mechanism for commercializing unique biological materials.
• OCA a browser-database for protein structure/function.
• OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man): a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders with a lot of information about many different aspects (medical and genetic). GeneCards presents a list of diseases listed as allelic variants in the respective entry for the gene, synonyms for the gene, and a link to the OMIM database entry.
• OriGene is a world-wide supplier of authentic full-length CDNA clones in a standard expression vector.
• The PharmGKB is an integrated resource about how variation in human genes leads to variation in our response to drugs.
• PhosphoSite from CST is a curated, sequence-oriented protein database dedicated to in vivo phosphorylation sites.
• ProSpec, a biotechnology company, specializes in production of bacterial-derived recombinant proteins.
• Proteopedia is a project that provides structural and functional knowledge about protein, RNA, DNA, and other macromolecules, and their assemblies and interactions with small molecules, in a manner that is relevant and broadly accessible to students and scientists.
• ProtoNet at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem provides global classification of the proteins into hierarchical clusters.
• Pseudogene.org, a project of the Gerstein Lab at Yale University, provides information on pseudogenes and intergenic analyses.
• PubMed: NLM's search service to access the 9 million citations in MEDLINE and Pre-MEDLINE (with links to participating on-line journals), and other related databases.
• PupaSUITE is an interactive web-based SNP analysis tool.
• Qiagen provides sample and assay technologies.
• R&D Systems:a specialty manufacturer of biological products with two operating divisions: Biotechnology and Hematology.
• SALK Institute: Dr. Jonas Salk, developer of the polio vaccine, established the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, to pursue questions about the basic principles of life. Today, the Salk Institute conducts its biological research under the guidance of 59 faculty investigators. It employs a scientific staff of more than 850, including visiting scientists, postdoctoral fellows, and graduate students.
• SABiosciences, a Qiagen biotechnology company, develops and markets a broad range of innovative and cost-effective research tools.
• SGD™ (Saccharomyces Genome Database) is a scientific database of the molecular biology and genetics of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is commonly known as baker's or budding yeast.
• Sigma-Aldrich: Sigma-Aldrich Corporation is a leading Life Science and High Technology company, providing biochemical and organic chemical products and kits.
• Sino Biological offers cost-effective premium quality services and reagents for life science research and biological product development.
• SNP Database at NCBI provides information on Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms.
• SOURCE (The Stanford Online Universal Resource for Clones and ESTs) compiles information from several publicly accessible databases, including UniGene, dbEST, UniprotKB/Swiss-Prot, GeneMap99, GeneCards and EntrezGene.
• UniprotKB/Swiss-Prot stores information about proteins (the sequence, some notes about cellular functions, and many other useful data, as well as links to related sites on the web). GeneCards extracts from Swiss-Prot the name of the product(s) of the gene and data about the cellular functions, similarities, involvement in diseases, and links to other databases related to the gene product(s).
• STRING is a database of known and predicted protein-protein interactions.
• TarThera is a novel database and online collaboration tool for users involved with cancer drug development in industry and academia.
• Tocris Bioscience is a leading supplier of high performance life science reagents, peptides and antibodies, with customers in virtually all of the world's major pharmaceutical companies, universities and research institutes.
• TopoGSA is a web-application dedicated to the computation and visualization of network topological properties for gene and protein sets in molecular interaction networks.
• The Tumor Gene Database (TGDB) contains information about genes that are targets for cancer-causing mutations.
• Tufts University founded in 1852, Tufts University is one of the premier universities in the United States. Tufts enjoys a global reputation for academic excellence and for preparing students as leaders in a wide range of professions.
• UCSC Golden Path: the University of California at Santa Cruz Human Draft Genomic Assembly.
• UniGene: an experimental system for automatically partitioning GenBank sequences into a non-redundant set of gene-oriented clusters. GeneCards extracts from UniGene the cluster (Hs.) number, gene symbol or title, GenBank accession, EST's clone identifier and library ID.
• UniprotKB/TrEMBL: a computer-annotated supplement of Swiss-Prot that contains all the translations of EMBL nucleotide sequence entries not yet integrated in Swiss-Prot. GeneCards extracts from TrEMBL the name of the product(s) of the gene and data about the cellular functions, similarities, involvement in diseases, and links to other databases related to the gene product(s).
• Uscn: produces ELISA Kits and other relevant life sciences reagents covering a full range of fields.
• WormBase, the genome and biology of C.elegans.
• Yeda: Yeda Research and Development Company Ltd. is responsible for technology transfer from the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel's leading center of research and graduate education.