Aliases for FADS2 Gene
Aliases for FADS2 Gene
External Ids for FADS2 Gene
- HGNC: 3575
- Entrez Gene: 9415
- Ensembl: ENSG00000134824
- OMIM: 606149
- UniProtKB: O95864
Previous HGNC Symbols for FADS2 Gene
- LLCDL2
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for FADS2 Gene
- GC11P064097
- GC11P063159
- GC11P061834
- GC11P061359
- GC11P061340
- GC11P061352
- GC11P061583
- GC11P057923
Summaries for FADS2 Gene
-
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene family. Desaturase enzymes regulate unsaturation of fatty acids through the introduction of double bonds between defined carbons of the fatty acyl chain. FADS family members are considered fusion products composed of an N-terminal cytochrome b5-like domain and a C-terminal multiple membrane-spanning desaturase portion, both of which are characterized by conserved histidine motifs. This gene is clustered with family members at 11q12-q13.1; this cluster is thought to have arisen evolutionarily from gene duplication based on its similar exon/intron organization. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]
GeneCards Summary for FADS2 Gene
FADS2 (Fatty Acid Desaturase 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with FADS2 include Best Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy. Among its related pathways are fatty acid beta-oxidation (peroxisome) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) metabolism. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include iron ion binding and oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with oxidation of a pair of donors resulting in the reduction of molecular oxygen to two molecules of water. An important paralog of this gene is FADS3.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for FADS2 Gene
-
Component of a lipid metabolic pathway that catalyzes biosynthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) from precursor essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) linoleic acid (LA) (18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (18:3n-3). Catalyzes the first and rate limiting step in this pathway which is the desaturation of LA (18:2n-6) and ALA (18:3n-3) into gamma-linoleic acid (GLA) (18:3n-6) and stearidonic acid (18:4n-3) respectively and other desaturation steps. Highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) play pivotal roles in many biological functions. It catalizes as well the introduction of a cis double bond in palmitate to produce the mono-unsaturated fatty acid sapienate, the most abundant fatty acid in sebum.
Additional gene information for FADS2 Gene
- Monarch Initiative
- Search for FADS2 at DataMed
- Search for FADS2 at HumanCyc
No data available for CIViC summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for FADS2 Gene
Genomics for FADS2 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements for FADS2 Gene
Promoters and enhancers for FADS2 Gene
- Elite GeneHancer and/or Elite GeneHancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data dump
GeneHancers around FADS2 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Locations for FADS2 Gene
Genomic Locations for FADS2 Gene
- chr11:61,792,980-61,867,354
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 74,375 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
- chr11:61,560,452-61,634,826
- (GRCh37/hg19)
Genomic View for FADS2 Gene
Genes around FADS2 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 11q12.2 by Ensembl
- 11q12.2 by Entrez Gene
- 11q12.2 by HGNC
FADS2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for FADS2 Gene
Proteins for FADS2 Gene
-
Protein details for FADS2 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- O95864-FADS2_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Fatty acid desaturase 2
- Protein Accession:
- O95864
- A8K2M6
- B7Z634
- Q6MZQ7
- Q96H07
- Q96SV8
- Q9H3G3
- Q9Y3X4
Protein attributes for FADS2 Gene
- Size:
- 444 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 52259 Da
- Quaternary structure:
- No Data Available
Protein Expression for FADS2 Gene
Selected DME Specific Peptides for FADS2 Gene
- O95864:
-
- KVYNITKW
- WWNHRHFQHHAKPNIF
- YFFLIGPPLL
- GHYAGEDAT
- LWLDAYL
- FVIGHLKG
- LLIGELAPE
- YLPYNHQH
- SLCAKHGIEYQEKPLLRAL
- LHVFVLGEWQP
- LKPLLIGEL
- EDFRALR
- KDPDVNM
- APLVKSLCAKHG
- QAGWLQHD
- FLNFIRFLESHWFVWVTQMNH
- WFSGHLNFQIEHHLFP
- EDATDAF
Post-translational modifications for FADS2 Gene
- Ubiquitination at Lys28, Lys42, Lys48, Lys84, posLast=8787, Lys108, posLast=206206, posLast=398398, posLast=404404, Lys417, and Lys435
Other Protein References for FADS2 Gene
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Domains & Families for FADS2 Gene
Gene Families for FADS2 Gene
- HGNC:
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Enzymes
- FDA approved drug targets
- Predicted intracellular proteins
- Predicted membrane proteins
Protein Domains for FADS2 Gene
- Blocks:
- InterPro:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for FADS2 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
O95864UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:
FADS2_HUMAN :- The histidine box domains may contain the active site and/or be involved in metal ion binding.
- Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase type 1 family.
- Domain:
-
- The histidine box domains may contain the active site and/or be involved in metal ion binding.
- Family:
-
- Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase type 1 family.
Function for FADS2 Gene
Molecular function for FADS2 Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
- Linoleoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O(2) + 2 H(+) = gamma-linolenoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H(2)O.
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
- Alpha-linolenoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O(2) + 2 H(+) = stearidonoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H(2)O.
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Component of a lipid metabolic pathway that catalyzes biosynthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) from precursor essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) linoleic acid (LA) (18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (18:3n-3). Catalyzes the first and rate limiting step in this pathway which is the desaturation of LA (18:2n-6) and ALA (18:3n-3) into gamma-linoleic acid (GLA) (18:3n-6) and stearidonic acid (18:4n-3) respectively and other desaturation steps. Highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) play pivotal roles in many biological functions. It catalizes as well the introduction of a cis double bond in palmitate to produce the mono-unsaturated fatty acid sapienate, the most abundant fatty acid in sebum.
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Induction:
- Repressed by dietary highly unsaturated fatty acids.
Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) for FADS2 Gene
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for FADS2 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0004768 | stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity | IEA | -- |
| GO:0016213 | linoleoyl-CoA desaturase activity | TAS | -- |
| GO:0016491 | oxidoreductase activity | IEA | -- |
Phenotypes for FADS2 Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for FADS2:
-
inferred from 2 alleles
- homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- mortality/aging
- immune system phenotype
- behavior/neurological phenotype
- growth/size/body region phenotype
- digestive/alimentary phenotype
- endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
- reproductive system phenotype
- integument phenotype
- hematopoietic system phenotype
- renal/urinary system phenotype
- liver/biliary system phenotype
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for FADS2:
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miRNA for FADS2 Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target FADS2
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-
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- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
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No data available for Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for FADS2 Gene
Localization for FADS2 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for FADS2 Gene
- Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| plasma membrane | 5 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 5 |
| peroxisome | 3 |
| extracellular | 2 |
| mitochondrion | 1 |
| nucleus | 1 |
| cytosol | 1 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005783 | endoplasmic reticulum | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005789 | endoplasmic reticulum membrane | TAS | -- |
| GO:0005887 | integral component of plasma membrane | TAS | 9867867 |
| GO:0016020 | membrane | IEA,HDA | 19946888 |
| GO:0016021 | integral component of membrane | IEA | -- |
No data available for Subcellular locations from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for FADS2 Gene
Pathways & Interactions for FADS2 Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) metabolism | ||
| 2 | Metabolism |
.37
|
|
| 3 | fatty acid beta-oxidation (peroxisome) | ||
| 4 | Linoleic acid metabolism | ||
| 5 | Fatty acid elongation | ||
Pathways by source for FADS2 Gene
3 BioSystems pathways for FADS2 Gene
4 KEGG pathways for FADS2 Gene
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot O95864-FADS2_HUMAN
- Pathway: Lipid metabolism; polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis.
Interacting Proteins for FADS2 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006629 | lipid metabolic process | IEA | -- |
| GO:0006631 | fatty acid metabolic process | IEA | -- |
| GO:0006633 | fatty acid biosynthetic process | IEA | -- |
| GO:0006636 | unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process | TAS,IEA | -- |
| GO:0036109 | alpha-linolenic acid metabolic process | TAS | -- |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for FADS2 Gene
Drugs & Compounds for FADS2 Gene
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stearidonic acid |
|
20290-75-9 |
|
Transcripts for FADS2 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for FADS2 Gene
- (3) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (14) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (474) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (15) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
Unigene Clusters for FADS2 Gene
CRISPR Products
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ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for FADS2 gene
Clone Products
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-
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- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- Applied Biological Materials Clones for FADS2
-
Vectors and viruses for ORF, Lenti, Retro, Adenovirus, AAV, and more
| ExUns: | 1 | ^ | 2 | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4 | ^ | 5a | · | 5b | ^ | 6 | ^ | 7 | ^ | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| SP2: |
Expression for FADS2 Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
- Brain (Nervous System)
- Neural Tube (Nervous System)
-
Blood (Hematopoietic System)
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells Hematopoietic Bone Marrow
-
Uterus (Reproductive System)
-
Prostate (Endocrine System)
-
Adrenal Gland (Endocrine System)
-
Liver (Hepatobiliary System)
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for FADS2 Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Adrenal Gland (x7.6).
This gene is overexpressed in Breast (37.0), Adrenal (9.0), Fetal testis (7.2), and Fetal ovary (6.9).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, MaxQB, and MOPED for FADS2 Gene
NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of FADS2 Gene:
FADS2SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for FADS2 Gene:
Hs.502745mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for FADS2 Gene:
O95864-FADS2_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Expressed in a wide array of tissues, highest expression is found in liver followed by brain, lung, heart, and retina. A lower level is found in breast tumor when compared with normal tissues; lowest levels were found in patients with poor prognostic index.
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for FADS2 Gene
- Nervous system(4.9)
- Skin(4.6)
- Liver(3.6)
- Eye(2.4)
- Kidney(2.4)
- Lung(2.3)
- Muscle(2.3)
- Adrenal gland(2.2)
- Intestine(2.1)
- Blood(2)
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No data available for Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for FADS2 Gene
Orthologs for FADS2 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | FADS2 33 34 |
|
||
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | FADS2 33 34 |
|
||
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | FADS2 33 34 |
|
||
| platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | -- 34 |
|
OneToMany | |
| -- 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Fads2 33 |
|
||
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Fads2 33 16 34 |
|
||
| oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | FADS2 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
| chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | FADS2 33 34 |
|
||
| lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | -- 34 |
|
OneToMany | |
| tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | fads2 33 |
|
||
| African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia | MGC68735 33 |
|
||
| zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | fads2 33 34 |
|
||
| rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) |
Actinopterygii | Omy.11040 33 |
|
||
| worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | fat-3 35 33 34 |
|
||
| fat-4 34 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| sea squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | -- 34 |
|
OneToMany |
- Species where no ortholog for FADS2 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rice (Oryza sativa)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Paralogs for FADS2 Gene
(3) SIMAP similar genes for FADS2 Gene using alignment to 9 proteins:
Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for FADS2 Gene
Variants for FADS2 Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 11 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs1000027467 | -- | 61,828,987(+) | C/T | intron_variant | |
| rs1000068847 | -- | 61,847,594(+) | G/A | intron_variant | |
| rs1000085757 | -- | 61,850,818(+) | C/T | intron_variant | |
| rs1000190245 | -- | 61,818,959(+) | C/T | genic_upstream_transcript_variant, intron_variant | |
| rs1000219260 | -- | 61,852,984(+) | T/C | intron_variant |
| Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| esv2670536 | CNV | deletion | 23128226 |
| nsv1122627 | CNV | deletion | 24896259 |
| nsv468585 | CNV | loss | 19166990 |
| nsv528697 | CNV | loss | 19592680 |
| nsv555171 | CNV | loss | 21841781 |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
11.4% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
0.22;
4.95% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Additional Variant Information for FADS2 Gene
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for FADS2 Gene
Disorders for FADS2 Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| best vitelliform macular dystrophy |
|
|
Search FADS2 in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Additional Disease Information for FADS2
- Genetic Association Database
- (GAD)
- Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator
- (HuGE)
- ATLAS of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for FADS2 Gene
Publications for FADS2 Gene
- Identification of the delta-6 desaturase of human sebaceous glands: expression and enzyme activity. (PMID: 12713571) Ge L … Prouty SM (The Journal of investigative dermatology 2003) 3 4 22 25 58
- Genetic variants of the FADS1 FADS2 gene cluster as related to essential fatty acid metabolism. (PMID: 19809313) Lattka E … Heinrich J (Current opinion in lipidology 2010) 3 22 44 58
- Role of FADS1 and FADS2 polymorphisms in polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism. (PMID: 20045144) Glaser C … Koletzko B (Metabolism: clinical and experimental 2010) 3 22 44 58
- Genome-wide association study of plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids in the InCHIANTI Study. (PMID: 19148276) Tanaka T … Ferrucci L (PLoS genetics 2009) 3 22 44 58
- SNPs of the FADS gene cluster are associated with polyunsaturated fatty acids in a cohort of patients with cardiovascular disease. (PMID: 18320251) Malerba G … Illig T (Lipids 2008) 3 22 44 58
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- Browse Monoclonal Antibodies
- Browse Recombinant Antibodies
- Cloud-Clone Corp. Antibodies for FADS2
- Cloud-Clone Corp. Proteins for FADS2
- Cloud-Clone Corp. Assay Kits for FADS2
- Browse Knockouts at Cloud-Clone Corp.
- Browse Knockins at Cloud-Clone Corp.
- Cloud-Clone Corp. disease models service
- Browse cDNA clones at Cloud-Clone Corp.
- Browse primers at Cloud-Clone Corp.
- Cloud-Clone Corp. primary cells service
- Invitrogen Antibodies for FADS2
- Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat
- Cyagen custom Knockout/knockin (KOKI) mouse models for FADS2
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for FADS2
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for FADS2
- VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- antibodies-online: Search results for 49 available FADS2 Antibodies ranked by validation data
- Compare Top FADS2 Antibodies
- antibodies-online: Search results for 25 available FADS2 Elisa Kits ranked by validation data
- Compare Top FADS2 Elisa Kits
- Quality Products:
- antibodies-online: Search results for 10 available FADS2 Proteins ranked by validation data
- Compare Top FADS2 Proteins
- Quality Products:
- Search GeneTex for Antibodies for FADS2
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for FADS2
- ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for FADS2 gene
- ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for FADS2 gene
- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for FADS2 gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for FADS2
- Horizon Cell Lines for FADS2
- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search results for 114 available FADS2 gene related products
- Overview of 114 available FADS2 gene related products
- orf clones - Search results for 114 available FADS2 gene related products
- Overview of 114 available FADS2 gene related products
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for 114 available FADS2 gene related products
- Overview of 114 available FADS2 gene related products
- genomics-online: primer clones - Search results for 114 available FADS2 gene related products
- Overview of 114 available FADS2 gene related products
- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for 114 available FADS2 gene related products
- Overview of 114 available FADS2 gene related products
Sources for FADS2 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) IntAct
- (22) Novoseek
- (23) PharmGKB
- (24) DrugBank
- (25) HMDB
- (26) UniGene
- (27) AceView
- (28) ASD
- (29) ECgene
- (30) GeneAnnot
- (31) CGAP SAGE
- (32) SOURCE
- (33) HomoloGene
- (34) PanEnsembl
- (35) euGenes
- (36) SGD
- (37) FlyBase
- (38) WormBase
- (39) Pseudogene
- (40) DGV
- (41) dbSNP
- (42) GenAtlas
- (43) HGMD
- (44) GAD
- (45) BGMUT
- (46) HuGE
- (47) Atlas
- (48) Cell Signaling Technology
- (49) GenBank
- (50) H-invDB
- (51) HORDE
- (52) HUGE
- (53) IMGT
- (54) Leiden
- (55) miRBase
- (56) DME
- (57) OriGene
- (58) PubMed
- (59) R&D Systems
- (60) TGDB
- (61) Tocris
- (62) Abcam
- (63) Novus Biologicals
- (64) ProSpec
- (65) Sino Biological
- (66) GenScript
- (67) Qiagen
- (68) Cloud-Clone Corp.
- (69) OCA
- (70) Proteopedia
- (71) MOPED
- (72) neXtProt
- (73) Reactome
- (74) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (75) fRNAdb
- (76) DISEASES
- (77) SIMAP
- (78) GenomeRNAi
- (79) LifeMap
- (80) miRTarBase
- (81) MalaCards
- (82) Invitrogen
- (83) BitterDB
- (84) Vector BioLabs
- (85) ESI-BIO
- (86) RefSeq
- (87) BioSystems
- (88) MaxQB
- (89) IUPHAR
- (90) BioGPS
- (91) Illumina
- (92) COMPARTMENTS
- (93) HOMER
- (94) PaxDb
- (95) ApexBio
- (96) Addgene
- (97) antibodies-online
- (98) CYP
- (99) NONCODE
- (100) SwitchGear Genomics
- (101) TreeFam
- (102) PathCards
- (103) GeneReviews
- (104) GeneTex
- (105) Taconic Biosciences
- (106) GTEx
- (107) ProteomicsDB
- (108) SCBT
- (109) DGIdb
- (110) ClinicalTrials
- (111) FDA Approved Drugs
- (112) RVIS
- (113) SIGNOR
- (114) diseasecard
- (115) NIH Rare Diseases
- (116) Orphanet
- (117) UMLS
- (118) GTR
- (119) Disease Ontology
- (120) Genetics Home Reference
- (121) MeSH
- (122) MedlinePlus
- (123) CDC
- (124) NINDS
- (125) NCBI Bookshelf
- (126) ClinVar
- (127) Gene Damage Index
- (128) ViGene Biosciences
- (129) HPO
- (130) UDN
- (131) VISTA
- (132) FANTOM5
- (133) ENCODE
- (134) ProSci
- (135) Horizon
- (136) NURSA
- (137) IID
- (138) Cyagen
- (139) VectorBuilder
- (140) SNPedia
- (141) BRCA Exchange
- (142) St John's Lab
- (143) CIViC
- (144) ProteoGenix
- (145) dbSUPER
- (146) TISSUES
- (147) Gene ORGANizer
- (148) abm
- (149) CrownBio
- (150) Human Protein Atlas
- (151) GWAS Catalog
- (152) Monarch Initiative
- (153) DataMed
- (154) HumanCyc
- (155) genomics-online
- (156) UCNEbase
- (157) EPDnew