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TRIO Gene(Protein Coding)

Trio Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor

GCID:
GC05P014143
GIFtS:
62
Genes Participants
UDN Logo

Aliases for TRIO Gene

Aliases for TRIO Gene

  • Trio Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 2 3 5
  • Triple Functional Domain (PTPRF Interacting) 2 3
  • PTPRF-Interacting Protein 3 4
  • EC 2.7.11.1 4 63
  • ARHGEF23 3
  • Tgat 3

External Ids for TRIO Gene

Previous GeneCards Identifiers for TRIO Gene

  • GC05U990059
  • GC05P014425
  • GC05P014176
  • GC05P014196

Summaries for TRIO Gene

Entrez Gene Summary for TRIO Gene

  • This gene encodes a large protein that functions as a GDP to GTP exchange factor. This protein promotes the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, thereby playing a role in cell migration and growth. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

GeneCards Summary for TRIO Gene

TRIO (Trio Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with TRIO include Aggressive Systemic Mastocytosis. Among its related pathways are NGF Pathway and p75 NTR receptor-mediated signalling. GO annotations related to this gene include transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups and protein tyrosine kinase activity. An important paralog of this gene is ARHGEF40.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for TRIO Gene

  • Promotes the exchange of GDP by GTP. Together with leukocyte antigen-related (LAR) protein, it could play a role in coordinating cell-matrix and cytoskeletal rearrangements necessary for cell migration and cell growth.

Tocris Summary for TRIO Gene

  • GTPases are a group of enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of the gamma phosphate bond in guanine triphosphate (GTP) to form guanine diphosphate (GDP). Mg2+ ions are essential for catalytic activity. GTPases, often coupled to G proteins, are essential in signal transduction.

Gene Wiki entry for TRIO Gene

No data available for PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for TRIO Gene

Genomics for TRIO Gene

Products:

  1. Regulatory Element

Regulatory Elements for TRIO Gene

Enhancers for TRIO Gene
GeneHancer Identifier Score Enhancer Sources TSS distance (kb) Number of Genes Away Size (kb) Transcription Factor Binding Sites within enhancer Other Gene Targets for Enhancer

Enhancers around TRIO on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Promoters for TRIO Gene
Ensembl Regulatory Elements (ENSRs) TSS Distance (bp) Size (bp) Binding Sites for Transcription Factors within promoters

ENSRs around TRIO on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the TRIO gene promoter:

Genomic Location for TRIO Gene

Chromosome:
5
Start:
14,143,702 bp from pter
End:
14,532,128 bp from pter
Size:
388,427 bases
Orientation:
Plus strand

Genomic View for TRIO Gene

Genes around TRIO on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Cytogenetic band:
TRIO Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Location for TRIO Gene
GeneLoc Logo Genomic Neighborhood • Exon Structure • Gene Density

RefSeq DNA sequence for TRIO Gene

Proteins for TRIO Gene

Products:

  1. Antibody
  2. Protein
  3. Assay

  • Protein details for TRIO Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

    Protein Symbol:
    O75962-TRIO_HUMAN
    Recommended name:
    Triple functional domain protein
    Protein Accession:
    O75962
    Secondary Accessions:
    • D3DTD1
    • Q13458
    • Q59EQ7
    • Q6PJC9
    • Q6ZN05
    • Q8IWK8

    Protein attributes for TRIO Gene

    Size:
    3097 amino acids
    Molecular mass:
    346900 Da
    Quaternary structure:
    • Interacts with LRRC16A (PubMed:19846667). Interacts to form a complex with leukocyte antigen related protein.
    SequenceCaution:
    • Sequence=AAC34245.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended.; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; Sequence=AAC34245.1; Type=Frameshift; Positions=2301; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; Sequence=AAC43042.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Evidence={ECO:0000305};

    Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for TRIO Gene

    Alternative splice isoforms for TRIO Gene

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

neXtProt entry for TRIO Gene

Proteomics data for TRIO Gene at MOPED

Protein Expression for TRIO Gene

See protein expression from ProteomicsDB, MOPED, PaxDb, and MaxQB

Selected DME Specific Peptides for TRIO Gene

O75962:

Post-translational modifications for TRIO Gene

Other Protein References for TRIO Gene

ENSEMBL proteins:
REFSEQ proteins:

Domains & Families for TRIO Gene

Gene Families for TRIO Gene

HGNC:
IUPHAR :

Protein Domains for TRIO Gene

InterPro:
Blocks:
ProtoNet:

Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for TRIO Gene

GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry

O75962

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

TRIO_HUMAN :
  • The N-terminal DBL/GEF domain specifically catalyzes nucleotide exchange for RAC1, leading to the activation of Jun kinase and the production of membrane ruffles. The second DBL/GEF domain is an exchange factor for rhoa and induces the formation of stress fibers.
  • Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family.
  • Contains 4 spectrin repeats.
Domain:
  • The N-terminal DBL/GEF domain specifically catalyzes nucleotide exchange for RAC1, leading to the activation of Jun kinase and the production of membrane ruffles. The second DBL/GEF domain is an exchange factor for rhoa and induces the formation of stress fibers.
  • Contains 1 CRAL-TRIO domain.
  • Contains 2 DH (DBL-homology) domains.
  • Contains 1 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain.
  • Contains 2 PH domains.
  • Contains 1 protein kinase domain.
  • Contains 2 SH3 domains.
Family:
  • Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family.
Similarity:
  • Contains 4 spectrin repeats.
genes like me logo Genes that share domains with TRIO: view

Function for TRIO Gene

Products:

  1. Animal Model
  2. CRISPR
  3. miRNA
  4. Inhibitory RNA
  5. Clone
  6. Cell Line
  7. Flow Cytometry

Molecular function for TRIO Gene

GENATLAS Biochemistry:
trio phosphoprotein,with three enzymze domains,binding the LAR transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase (PTPRF),likely involved in active cell migration
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
Promotes the exchange of GDP by GTP. Together with leukocyte antigen-related (LAR) protein, it could play a role in coordinating cell-matrix and cytoskeletal rearrangements necessary for cell migration and cell growth.

Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) for TRIO Gene

Phenotypes for TRIO Gene

MGI mutant phenotypes for TRIO:
inferred from 3 alleles
GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for TRIO:
genes like me logo Genes that share phenotypes with TRIO: view

Animal Models for TRIO Gene

MGI Knock Outs for TRIO:

Animal Model Products

miRNA for TRIO Gene

miRTarBase miRNAs that target TRIO

Inhibitory RNA Products

Flow Cytometry Products

No data available for Gene Ontology (GO) - Molecular Function , Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for TRIO Gene

Localization for TRIO Gene

Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for TRIO Gene

Cytoplasm.

Subcellular locations from

COMPARTMENTS
Jensen Localization Image for TRIO Gene COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization image for TRIO gene
Compartment Confidence
cytosol 5
nucleus 2
cytoskeleton 1

No data available for Gene Ontology (GO) - Cellular Components for TRIO Gene

Pathways & Interactions for TRIO Gene

genes like me logo Genes that share pathways with TRIO: view

Gene Ontology (GO) - Biological Process for TRIO Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0006468 protein phosphorylation IEA --
GO:0007411 axon guidance TAS --
GO:0035023 regulation of Rho protein signal transduction IEA --
GO:0097190 apoptotic signaling pathway TAS --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with TRIO: view

No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for TRIO Gene

Drugs & Compounds for TRIO Gene

Products:

  1. Drug

(1) Drugs for TRIO Gene - From: HMDB

Name Status Disease Links Group Role Mechanism of Action Clinical Trials
Guanosine triphosphate Experimental Pharma 0

(7) Additional Compounds for TRIO Gene - From: Tocris and Novoseek

Name Synonyms Role CAS Number PubChem IDs PubMed IDs
8-CPT-2Me-cAMP, sodium salt
634207-53-7
8-pCPT-2-O-Me-cAMP-AM
1152197-23-3
Dynamin inhibitory peptide
251634-21-6
Dynamin inhibitory peptide, myristoylated
251634-22-7
Dynamin inhibitory peptide, myristoylated (control)

(5) Tocris Compounds for TRIO Gene

Compound Action Cas Number
8-CPT-2Me-cAMP, sodium salt Selective Epac activator 634207-53-7
8-pCPT-2-O-Me-cAMP-AM Selective Epac activator; cell-permeable analog of 8CPT-2Me-cAMP (Cat. No. 1645) 1152197-23-3
Dynamin inhibitory peptide Dynamin inhibitor 251634-21-6
Dynamin inhibitory peptide, myristoylated Cell-permeable dynamin inhibitor 251634-22-7
Dynamin inhibitory peptide, myristoylated (control) Control peptide version of dynamin inhibitory peptide, myristoylated (Cat. No. 1775)
genes like me logo Genes that share compounds with TRIO: view

Transcripts for TRIO Gene

Products:

  1. CRISPR
  2. miRNA
  3. Inhibitory RNA
  4. Clone
  5. Flow Cytometry

mRNA/cDNA for TRIO Gene

(8) REFSEQ mRNAs :
(9) Additional mRNA sequences :
(383) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
(24) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :

Unigene Clusters for TRIO Gene

Trio Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor:
Representative Sequences:

Inhibitory RNA Products

Flow Cytometry Products

Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for TRIO Gene

ExUns: 1a · 1b ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5a · 5b ^ 6 ^ 7a · 7b ^ 8 ^ 9 ^ 10 ^ 11 ^ 12 ^ 13 ^ 14 ^ 15 ^ 16 ^ 17 ^ 18 ^ 19 ^ 20 ^ 21 ^ 22 ^ 23 ^
SP1: - -
SP2: - -
SP3:
SP4: -
SP5:
SP6:
SP7: -
SP8:
SP9:
SP10:
SP11:
SP12:
SP13:
SP14:
SP15:
SP16:
SP17:

ExUns: 24 ^ 25 ^ 26 ^ 27 ^ 28 ^ 29 ^ 30 ^ 31 ^ 32 ^ 33 ^ 34a · 34b ^ 35 ^ 36a · 36b · 36c ^ 37 ^ 38a · 38b ^ 39a · 39b · 39c ^ 40a · 40b ^ 41 ^ 42 ^
SP1: - - - -
SP2: - - - -
SP3: - - - -
SP4: - -
SP5:
SP6: -
SP7:
SP8:
SP9:
SP10:
SP11:
SP12:
SP13: -
SP14:
SP15:
SP16:
SP17:

ExUns: 43 ^ 44 ^ 45a · 45b ^ 46 ^ 47 ^ 48a · 48b ^ 49a · 49b ^ 50 ^ 51a · 51b ^ 52a · 52b · 52c · 52d ^ 53a · 53b ^ 54a · 54b ^ 55 ^ 56a · 56b ^ 57a · 57b ^
SP1: - - - - - - - - -
SP2: - - - - - - - -
SP3: - -
SP4:
SP5: - - -
SP6:
SP7:
SP8:
SP9: -
SP10: - - -
SP11:
SP12: -
SP13:
SP14:
SP15:
SP16:
SP17:

ExUns: 58 ^ 59a · 59b ^ 60 ^ 61a · 61b ·
SP1: -
SP2: -
SP3:
SP4:
SP5: -
SP6:
SP7:
SP8:
SP9: - -
SP10:
SP11:
SP12:
SP13:
SP14:
SP15:
SP16:
SP17:

Relevant External Links for TRIO Gene

GeneLoc Exon Structure for
TRIO
ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for
TRIO

Expression for TRIO Gene

Products:

  1. Primer

mRNA expression in normal human tissues for TRIO Gene

mRNA expression in normal human tissues for TRIO Gene
mRNA expression by BioGPS for TRIO GenemRNA expression by GTEx for TRIO Gene

mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery

Protein differential expression in normal tissues from HIPED for TRIO Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Fetal Brain (33.2) and Adrenal (8.3).

Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, MOPED, and MaxQB for TRIO Gene



SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for TRIO Gene Hs.130031

mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for TRIO Gene

O75962-TRIO_HUMAN
Tissue specificity: Highly expressed in heart, skeletal muscle, brain, pancreas, placenta, liver, kidney and lung.
genes like me logo Genes that share expression patterns with TRIO: view

Protein tissue co-expression partners for TRIO Gene

Primer Products

No data available for mRNA differential expression in normal tissues for TRIO Gene

Orthologs for TRIO Gene

This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

Orthologs for TRIO Gene

Organism Taxonomy Gene Similarity Type Details
dog
(Canis familiaris)
 Mammalia TRIO 35
  • 90.95 (n)
  • 96.51 (a)
TRIO 36
  • 96 (a)
 OneToOne
mouse
(Mus musculus)
 Mammalia Trio 35
  • 89.06 (n)
  • 96.5 (a)
Trio 16
Trio 36
  • 96 (a)
 OneToOne
chimpanzee
(Pan troglodytes)
 Mammalia TRIO 35
  • 99.11 (n)
  • 99.13 (a)
TRIO 36
  • 100 (a)
 OneToOne
rat
(Rattus norvegicus)
 Mammalia Trio 35
  • 89.34 (n)
  • 96.3 (a)
cow
(Bos Taurus)
 Mammalia TRIO 36
  • 94 (a)
 OneToOne
oppossum
(Monodelphis domestica)
 Mammalia TRIO 36
  • 96 (a)
 OneToOne
platypus
(Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
 Mammalia TRIO 36
  • 93 (a)
 OneToOne
chicken
(Gallus gallus)
 Aves TRIO 35
  • 83.2 (n)
  • 95.01 (a)
TRIO 36
  • 94 (a)
 OneToOne
lizard
(Anolis carolinensis)
 Reptilia -- 36
  • 93 (a)
 OneToMany
-- 36
  • 92 (a)
 OneToMany
tropical clawed frog
(Silurana tropicalis)
 Amphibia Str.3582 35
trio 35
  • 78 (n)
  • 90.05 (a)
African clawed frog
(Xenopus laevis)
 Amphibia Xl.23955 35
zebrafish
(Danio rerio)
 Actinopterygii trioa 35
  • 75.8 (n)
  • 84.03 (a)
trioa 36
  • 81 (a)
 OneToMany
triob 36
  • 79 (a)
 OneToMany
fruit fly
(Drosophila melanogaster)
 Insecta trio 37
  • 43 (a)
trio 35
  • 53.49 (n)
  • 47.12 (a)
trio 36
  • 44 (a)
 OneToMany
African malaria mosquito
(Anopheles gambiae)
 Insecta AgaP_AGAP006107 35
  • 55.82 (n)
  • 48.54 (a)
worm
(Caenorhabditis elegans)
 Secernentea unc-73 37
  • 27 (a)
unc-73 35
  • 44.4 (n)
  • 32.06 (a)
sea squirt
(Ciona intestinalis)
 Ascidiacea Cin.3253 35
sea squirt
(Ciona savignyi)
 Ascidiacea -- 36
  • 29 (a)
 OneToMany
Species with no ortholog for TRIO:
  • A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
  • Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
  • Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
  • alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
  • amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
  • Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
  • baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
  • barley (Hordeum vulgare)
  • beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
  • bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
  • Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
  • common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
  • corn (Zea mays)
  • E. coli (Escherichia coli)
  • filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
  • Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
  • fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
  • green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
  • honey bee (Apis mellifera)
  • K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
  • loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
  • malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
  • medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
  • moss (Physcomitrella patens)
  • orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
  • pig (Sus scrofa)
  • rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
  • rice (Oryza sativa)
  • rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
  • schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
  • sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
  • sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
  • sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
  • soybean (Glycine max)
  • stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
  • sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
  • thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  • tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
  • toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
  • Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
  • wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Evolution for TRIO Gene

ENSEMBL:
Gene Tree for TRIO (if available)
TreeFam:
Gene Tree for TRIO (if available)

Paralogs for TRIO Gene

Paralogs for TRIO Gene

(22) SIMAP similar genes for TRIO Gene using alignment to 5 proteins:

genes like me logo Genes that share paralogs with TRIO: view

Variants for TRIO Gene

Sequence variations from dbSNP and Humsavar for TRIO Gene

SNP ID Clin Chr 05 pos Sequence Context AA Info Type
rs55772118 - 14,291,047(+) TGAAA(C/G/T)CTTTC nc-transcript-variant, reference, missense
rs55687522 - 14,406,644(+) ACGGA(C/T)GTCTC nc-transcript-variant, reference, missense
rs56292586 - 14,419,887(+) GCCGC(A/G)TGACA nc-transcript-variant, reference, missense
VAR_041902 A metastatic melanoma sample
rs55916212 - 14,485,136(+) GAGGA(C/G/T)GGGTG nc-transcript-variant, reference, missense

Structural Variations from Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) for TRIO Gene

Variant ID Type Subtype PubMed ID
nsv516415 CNV Gain+Loss 19592680
esv2752061 CNV Gain 17911159
nsv511275 CNV Gain 21212237
nsv823008 CNV Gain 20364138
esv24520 CNV Loss 19812545
nsv830209 CNV Gain 17160897
esv2729808 CNV Deletion 23290073
esv2410391 CNV Deletion 18987734
nsv4724 CNV Loss 18451855
esv2672857 CNV Deletion 23128226
nsv830210 CNV Gain 17160897
esv2729809 CNV Deletion 23290073
esv2729810 CNV Deletion 23290073
esv2138858 CNV Deletion 18987734
esv2421652 CNV Deletion 20811451
nsv442938 CNV CNV 18776908
esv1007471 CNV Insertion 20482838
esv2729811 CNV Deletion 23290073
esv2729812 CNV Deletion 23290073
esv2676264 CNV Deletion 23128226
nsv823010 CNV Loss 20364138
esv2729813 CNV Deletion 23290073
esv2537252 CNV Deletion 19546169
esv26100 CNV Loss 19812545
esv2658101 CNV Deletion 23128226
nsv4725 CNV Loss 18451855
nsv830211 CNV Loss 17160897
nsv823011 CNV Gain 20364138

Variation tolerance for TRIO Gene

Residual Variation Intolerance Score: 0.151% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score: 4.56; 65.04% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)

Relevant External Links for TRIO Gene

Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD)
TRIO

No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for TRIO Gene

Disorders for TRIO Gene

MalaCards: The human disease database

(1) MalaCards diseases for TRIO Gene - From: DISEASES

Disorder Aliases PubMed IDs
aggressive systemic mastocytosis
  • asm
- elite association - COSMIC cancer census association via MalaCards
Search TRIO in MalaCards View complete list of genes associated with diseases

Relevant External Links for TRIO

Genetic Association Database (GAD)
TRIO
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator
TRIO
Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology:
TRIO
genes like me logo Genes that share disorders with TRIO: view

No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for TRIO Gene

Publications for TRIO Gene

  1. The multidomain protein Trio binds the LAR transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase, contains a protein kinase domain, and has separate rac- specific and rho-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor domains. (PMID: 8643598) Debant A. … Streuli M. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1996) 2 3 4 67
  2. The guanine nucleotide exchange factors trio, Ect2, and Vav3 mediate the invasive behavior of glioblastoma. (PMID: 19008376) Salhia B. … Rutka J.T. (Am. J. Pathol. 2008) 3 23
  3. The DH and PH domains of Trio coordinately engage Rho GTPases for their efficient activation. (PMID: 17391702) Chhatriwala M.K. … Sondek J. (J. Mol. Biol. 2007) 3 23
  4. Galphaq directly activates p63RhoGEF and Trio via a conserved extension of the Dbl homology-associated pleckstrin homology domain. (PMID: 17606614) Rojas R.J. … Sondek J. (J. Biol. Chem. 2007) 3 23
  5. Kalirin/Trio Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors regulate a novel step in secretory granule maturation. (PMID: 17881726) Ferraro F. … Mains R.E. (Mol. Biol. Cell 2007) 3 23

Products for TRIO Gene

Sources for TRIO Gene

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