Aliases for PTMA Gene
Aliases for PTMA Gene
External Ids for PTMA Gene
- HGNC: 9623
- Entrez Gene: 5757
- Ensembl: ENSG00000187514
- OMIM: 188390
- UniProtKB: P06454
Previous HGNC Symbols for PTMA Gene
- TMSA
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for PTMA Gene
- GC02P230632
- GC02P231306
- GC02P232536
- GC02P232775
- GC02P232398
- GC02P232281
- GC02P232571
Summaries for PTMA Gene
GeneCards Summary for PTMA Gene
PTMA (Prothymosin, Alpha) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with PTMA include Hepatitis B and Thymus Cancer. Among its related pathways are Epstein-Barr virus infection and Validated targets of C-MYC transcriptional activation.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PTMA Gene
-
Prothymosin alpha may mediate immune function by conferring resistance to certain opportunistic infections.
No data available for Entrez Gene Summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for PTMA Gene
Genomics for PTMA Gene
Regulatory Elements for PTMA Gene
Enhancers for PTMA Gene
| GeneHancer Identifier | Score | Enhancer Sources | TSS distance (kb) | Number of Genes Away | Size (kb) | Transcription Factor Binding Sites within enhancer | Other Gene Targets for Enhancer |
|---|
Enhancers around PTMA on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Location for PTMA Gene
- Chromosome:
- 2
- Start:
- 231,706,895 bp from pter
- End:
- 231,713,541 bp from pter
- Size:
- 6,647 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
Genomic View for PTMA Gene
Genes around PTMA on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 2q37.1 by Ensembl
- 2q37.1 by Entrez Gene
- 2q37.1 by HGNC
PTMA Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for PTMA Gene
Proteins for PTMA Gene
-
Protein details for PTMA Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P06454-PTMA_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Prothymosin alpha
- Protein Accession:
- P06454
- Q15249
- Q15592
Protein attributes for PTMA Gene
- Size:
- 111 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 12203 Da
- Quaternary structure:
- No Data Available
Protein Expression for PTMA Gene
Post-translational modifications for PTMA Gene
- Covalently linked to a small RNA of about 20 nucleotides.
- Ubiquitination at Lys 103
- Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus
Other Protein References for PTMA Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PTMA
- Abcam antibodies for PTMA
- Abcam antibodies for Thymosin alpha 1
-
Cloud-Clone Corp. Antibodies for PTMA
- Invitrogen Antibodies for PTMA
- antibodies-online Antibodies for PTMA: See all 88
- GeneTex PTMA antibody for PTMA
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for PTMA
Protein Products
- Enzo Life Sciences proteins for PTMA
-
OriGene Purified Proteins for PTMA
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for PTMA
- Origene Custom Protein Services for PTMA
- Novus Biologicals proteins for PTMA
- Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins for PTMA
- Browse Sino Biological Cell Lysates
- ProSpec Recombinant Proteins for PTMA
-
Cloud-Clone Corp. Proteins for PTMA
- antibodies-online Proteins for PTMA: See all 16
- Search antibodies-online for peptides
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for PTMA
- Abcam proteins for PTMA
- Abcam proteins for Thymosin alpha 1
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for PTMA Gene
Domains & Families for PTMA Gene
Protein Domains for PTMA Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for PTMA Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P06454- Family:
-
- Belongs to the pro/parathymosin family.
No data available for Gene Families for PTMA Gene
Function for PTMA Gene
Molecular function for PTMA Gene
- GENATLAS Biochemistry:
- prothymosin alpha,widely expressed,abundant audic nuclear protein potential modulator of the interaction of histone 1 with chromatin
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Prothymosin alpha may mediate immune function by conferring resistance to certain opportunistic infections.
Phenotypes for PTMA Gene
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for PTMA gene
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for PTMA gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for PTMA
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for PTMA
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PTMA
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for PTMA
miRNA for PTMA Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target PTMA
-
- hsa-mir-1-3p (MIRT001343)
- hsa-mir-760 (MIRT036715)
- hsa-mir-744-5p (MIRT037427)
- hsa-mir-423-5p (MIRT038123)
- hsa-mir-130b-5p (MIRT038335)
- hsa-mir-296-3p (MIRT038484)
- hsa-mir-615-3p (MIRT039670)
- hsa-mir-598-3p (MIRT040486)
- hsa-mir-378a-3p (MIRT043921)
- hsa-mir-3613-3p (MIRT087575)
- hsa-mir-4445-5p (MIRT087576)
- hsa-mir-548at-5p (MIRT087578)
- hsa-mir-6128 (MIRT087579)
- hsa-mir-367-5p (MIRT205613)
- hsa-mir-1267 (MIRT205614)
- hsa-mir-4652-3p (MIRT205615)
- hsa-mir-4743-3p (MIRT205616)
- hsa-mir-651-3p (MIRT205619)
- hsa-mir-3148 (MIRT205620)
- hsa-mir-1249-5p (MIRT301135)
- hsa-mir-4795-5p (MIRT301137)
- hsa-mir-5585-3p (MIRT301139)
- hsa-mir-6515-5p (MIRT301140)
- hsa-mir-6797-5p (MIRT301141)
- hsa-mir-6804-5p (MIRT301142)
- hsa-mir-7847-3p (MIRT301143)
- hsa-let-7c-3p (MIRT301144)
- hsa-mir-3163 (MIRT301146)
- hsa-mir-3662 (MIRT301147)
- hsa-mir-4495 (MIRT301148)
- hsa-mir-5587-5p (MIRT301153)
- hsa-mir-129-5p (MIRT301154)
- hsa-mir-153-5p (MIRT301155)
- hsa-mir-329-5p (MIRT301156)
- hsa-mir-616-3p (MIRT301158)
- hsa-mir-624-3p (MIRT301159)
- hsa-mir-1250-3p (MIRT301160)
- hsa-mir-3140-3p (MIRT301161)
- hsa-mir-6755-3p (MIRT301167)
- hsa-mir-6885-3p (MIRT301168)
- hsa-mir-370-5p (MIRT352591)
- hsa-mir-376a-5p (MIRT352592)
- hsa-mir-483-5p (MIRT352593)
- hsa-mir-4329 (MIRT352595)
- hsa-mir-4681 (MIRT352596)
- hsa-mir-4760-5p (MIRT352597)
- hsa-mir-8061 (MIRT352600)
- hsa-mir-889-5p (MIRT407503)
- hsa-mir-5694 (MIRT407505)
- hsa-mir-3919 (MIRT407506)
- hsa-mir-3925-5p (MIRT407507)
- hsa-mir-4303 (MIRT492527)
- hsa-mir-6761-5p (MIRT492528)
- hsa-mir-4251 (MIRT492529)
- hsa-mir-7-2-3p (MIRT498250)
- hsa-mir-7-1-3p (MIRT498251)
- hsa-mir-5692a (MIRT498252)
- hsa-mir-423-3p (MIRT501476)
- hsa-mir-1243 (MIRT501477)
- hsa-mir-3654 (MIRT501478)
- hsa-mir-206 (MIRT501479)
- hsa-mir-613 (MIRT501480)
- hsa-mir-4801 (MIRT546939)
- hsa-mir-4731-3p (MIRT546940)
- hsa-mir-2681-5p (MIRT561712)
- hsa-mir-4520-2-3p (MIRT566202)
- hsa-mir-7152-5p (MIRT566203)
- hsa-mir-4520-3p (MIRT566204)
- hsa-mir-5701 (MIRT566205)
- hsa-mir-5687 (MIRT566206)
- hsa-mir-1468-3p (MIRT566207)
- hsa-mir-1266-3p (MIRT566208)
- hsa-mir-545-3p (MIRT566209)
- hsa-mir-548p (MIRT566210)
- hsa-mir-4773 (MIRT566211)
- hsa-mir-512-5p (MIRT566212)
- hsa-mir-499b-3p (MIRT566213)
- hsa-mir-499a-3p (MIRT566214)
- hsa-mir-4789-3p (MIRT566215)
- hsa-mir-4282 (MIRT566216)
- hsa-mir-377-3p (MIRT566217)
- hsa-mir-629-3p (MIRT566218)
- hsa-mir-4279 (MIRT566219)
- hsa-mir-374b-5p (MIRT566220)
- hsa-mir-374a-5p (MIRT566221)
- hsa-mir-5087 (MIRT566222)
- hsa-mir-5186 (MIRT566223)
- hsa-mir-4725-5p (MIRT566224)
- hsa-mir-29b-1-5p (MIRT566225)
- hsa-mir-4750-3p (MIRT566226)
- hsa-mir-3121-5p (MIRT566227)
- hsa-mir-4671-5p (MIRT566228)
- hsa-mir-1228-3p (MIRT566229)
- hsa-mir-125b-2-3p (MIRT566230)
- hsa-mir-1197 (MIRT566231)
- hsa-mir-6507-3p (MIRT566232)
- hsa-mir-548c-3p (MIRT566233)
- hsa-mir-133a-3p (MIRT566234)
- hsa-mir-133b (MIRT566235)
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for PTMA
Clone Products
- OriGene clones in human for PTMA
- OriGene ORF clones in human,mouse,rat for PTMA
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PTMA
- Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat
Cell Line Products
-
ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for PTMA gene
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for PTMA gene
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for PTMA gene
Flow Cytometry Products
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Gene Ontology (GO) - Molecular Function , Human Phenotype Ontology , Animal Models , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for PTMA Gene
Localization for PTMA Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PTMA Gene
- Nucleus.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| extracellular | 5 |
| nucleus | 5 |
| cytosol | 4 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IDA | -- |
| GO:0070062 | extracellular exosome | IDA | 23376485 |
Pathways & Interactions for PTMA Gene
More details on SuperPathways for PTMAPathways by source for PTMA Gene
1 BioSystems pathway for PTMA Gene
1 KEGG pathway for PTMA Gene
Interacting Proteins for PTMA Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
P06454-PTMA_HUMAN
ENSP00000344547
for PTMA Gene via
MINT
STRING
UniProtKB
I2D
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for PTMA Gene
Drugs & Compounds for PTMA Gene
| Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thymalfasin | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | 22 |
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs |
|---|
Transcripts for PTMA Gene
mRNA/cDNA for PTMA Gene
- (7) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (21) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (3099) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (13) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for PTMA
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PTMA
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for PTMA
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for PTMA
Clone Products
- OriGene clones in human for PTMA
- OriGene ORF clones in human,mouse,rat for PTMA
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for PTMA
- Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat
Flow Cytometry Products
| ExUns: | 1 | ^ | 2a | · | 2b | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4a | · | 4b | ^ | 5a | · | 5b | ^ | 6 | ^ | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| SP2: | |||||||||||||||||||
| SP3: | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| SP4: | - | - |
Expression for PTMA Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Oral epithelium (12.7), Fetal Brain (11.4), and Nasal epithelium (6.3).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, MOPED, and MaxQB for PTMA Gene
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for PTMA Gene Hs.459927
- Elite partner
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for PTMA
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for PTMA
No data available for mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery , mRNA differential expression in normal tissues and mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for PTMA Gene
Orthologs for PTMA Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | PTMA 35 |
|
||
| -- 36 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| -- 36 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| PTMA 36 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | PTMA 35 |
|
||
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | PTMA 36 |
|
OneToMany | |
| PTMA 36 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Gm6625 36 |
|
OneToMany | |
| Ptma 36 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | PTMA 36 |
|
OneToOne | |
| lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | PTMA 36 |
|
OneToOne | |
| African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia | ptma-prov 35 |
|
||
| zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | ptma 35 |
|
- Species with no ortholog for PTMA:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- chicken (Gallus gallus)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- oppossum (Monodelphis domestica)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- rat (Rattus norvegicus)
- rice (Oryza sativa)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis)
- sea squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
- worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Paralogs for PTMA Gene
(1) SIMAP similar genes for PTMA Gene using alignment to 11 proteins:
No data available for Paralogs for PTMA Gene
Variants for PTMA Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 02 pos | Sequence Context | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs838440 | -- | 231,707,301(-) | CACTT(A/C)GCTGT | upstream-variant-2KB | |
| rs3087853 | -- | 231,709,070(+) | AGAGC(C/G)TGGCT | intron-variant, upstream-variant-2KB, utr-variant-5-prime | |
| rs1058315 | -- | 231,709,234(+) | GGCCG(C/G)CGGTT | intron-variant, upstream-variant-2KB, utr-variant-5-prime | |
| rs1058316 | -- | 231,709,410(+) | GTGCG(C/T)CGGGA | intron-variant, upstream-variant-2KB, utr-variant-5-prime | |
| rs2060412 | -- | 231,709,794(-) | AGAAA(A/G)AGCCA | intron-variant, upstream-variant-2KB, utr-variant-5-prime |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
54.5% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Relevant External Links for PTMA Gene
Disorders for PTMA Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| hepatitis b |
|
|
| thymus cancer |
|
|
| invasive malignant thymoma |
|
|
| hepatocellular carcinoma |
|
|
| spindle cell thymoma |
|
|
Search PTMA in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Relevant External Links for PTMA
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for PTMA Gene
Publications for PTMA Gene
- Many sequence variants affecting diversity of adult human height. (PMID: 18391951) Gudbjartsson D.F. … Stefansson K. (Nat. Genet. 2008) 3 48 67
- Effects of zinc binding on the structure and dynamics of the intrinsically disordered protein prothymosin alpha: evidence for metalation as an entropic switch. (PMID: 17929838) Yi S. … Choy W.Y. (Biochemistry 2007) 3 23
- The human prothymosin alpha gene family contains several processed pseudogenes lacking deleterious lesions. (PMID: 1612591) Manrow R.E. … Berger S.L. (Genomics 1992) 2 3
- Prothymosin I+ variants isolated from CD8+ T cells and cervicovaginal fluid suppress HIV-1 replication through type I interferon induction. (PMID: 25404520) Teixeira A. … Mosoian A. (J. Infect. Dis. 2015) 3
- New host factors important for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) replication revealed by a novel microfluidics screen for interactors of matrix (M) protein. (PMID: 25556234) Kipper S. … Bajorek M. (Mol. Cell Proteomics 2015) 3
Products for PTMA Gene
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- Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
- Browse Primary Antibodies
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- OriGene Purified Proteins for PTMA
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- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for PTMA
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for PTMA
- OriGene CRISPR knockouts for PTMA
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- OriGene ORF clones in human,mouse,rat for PTMA
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
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- CloneReady with Over 120,000 Genes
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- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PTMA
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- Novus Biologicals
- Novus Biologicals Tissue Microarrays
- Abcam antibodies for Thymosin alpha 1
- Abcam antibodies for PTMA
- Abcam proteins for Thymosin alpha 1
- Abcam proteins for PTMA
- Search for Assays for PTMA at Abcam
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- Search knockout validated antibodies
- Browse monoclonal antibodies
- ProSpec Recombinant Proteins for PTMA
- Cloud-Clone Corp. Antibodies for PTMA
- Cloud-Clone Corp. Proteins for PTMA
- Cloud-Clone Corp Assay Kits for PTMA
- antibodies-online Antibodies for PTMA: See all 88
- antibodies-online Kits for PTMA: See all 28
- antibodies-online Proteins for PTMA: See all 16
- Search antibodies-online for peptides
- GeneTex PTMA antibody for PTMA
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for PTMA
- ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for PTMA gene
- ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for PTMA gene
- ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for PTMA gene
- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for PTMA gene
- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for PTMA gene
- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for PTMA gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for PTMA
- Search ViGene Biosciences for PTMA
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for PTMA
- Search Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) for PTMA siRNA/shRNA
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PTMA
Sources for PTMA Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) I2D
- (22) IntAct
- (23) Novoseek
- (24) PharmGKB
- (25) DrugBank
- (26) HMDB
- (27) UniGene
- (28) AceView
- (29) RNAdb
- (30) ASD
- (31) ECgene
- (32) GeneAnnot
- (33) SAGE
- (34) SOURCE
- (35) HomoloGene
- (36) PanEnsembl
- (37) euGenes
- (38) SGD
- (39) FlyBase
- (40) WormBase
- (41) Pseudogene
- (42) DGV
- (43) dbSNP
- (44) HapMap
- (45) GenAtlas
- (46) GeneTests
- (47) HGMD
- (48) GAD
- (49) LSDB
- (50) BGMUT
- (51) HuGE
- (52) eBioscience
- (53) Atlas
- (54) Cell Signaling Technology
- (55) GenBank
- (56) H-invDB
- (57) HORDE
- (58) HUGE
- (59) IMGT
- (60) Leiden
- (61) MILLIPORE
- (62) miRBase
- (63) DME
- (64) Nature
- (65) NCBI
- (66) OriGene
- (67) PubMed
- (68) R&D Systems
- (69) Salk
- (70) TGDB
- (71) Tufts
- (72) YEDA
- (73) CROW21
- (74) Tocris
- (75) Abcam
- (76) Novus
- (77) ProSpec
- (78) Sino Biological
- (79) GenScript
- (80) Qiagen
- (81) Cloud-Clone Corp.
- (82) Enzo Life Sciences
- (83) OCA
- (84) Proteopedia
- (85) MOPED
- (86) SPIRE
- (87) neXtProt
- (88) Reactome
- (89) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (90) fRNAdb
- (91) DISEASES
- (92) SIMAP
- (93) GenomeRNAi
- (94) LifeMap
- (95) miRTarBase
- (96) MalaCards
- (97) Invitrogen
- (98) BitterDB
- (99) Vector BioLabs
- (100) ESI-BIO
- (101) RefSeq
- (102) BioSystems
- (103) MaxQB
- (104) IUPHAR
- (105) BioGPS
- (106) Illumina
- (107) COMPARTMENTS
- (108) HOMER
- (109) PaxDb
- (110) ApexBio
- (111) Addgene
- (112) Advanced Cell Diagnostics
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