Aliases for PYY Gene
External Ids for PYY Gene
- HGNC: 9748
- Entrez Gene: 5697
- Ensembl: ENSG00000131096
- OMIM: 600781
- UniProtKB: P10082
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for PYY Gene
- GC17M041772
- GC17M044207
- GC17M042040
- GC17M042505
- GC17M039385
- GC17M037794
Summaries for PYY Gene
-
This gene encodes a member of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) family of peptides. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate two alternative peptide products that differ in length by three amino acids. These peptides, secreted by endocrine cells in the gut, exhibit different binding affinities for each of the neuropeptide Y receptors. Binding of the encoded peptides to these receptors mediates regulation of pancreatic secretion, gut mobility and energy homeostasis. Rare variations in this gene could increase susceptibility to obesity and elevated serum levels of the encoded peptides may be associated with anorexia nervosa. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]
GeneCards Summary for PYY Gene
PYY (Peptide YY) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with PYY include Obesity, Pyy-Related and Anorexia Nervosa. Among its related pathways are Peptide ligand-binding receptors and Sympathetic Nerve Pathway (Neuroeffector Junction). GO annotations related to this gene include hormone activity and neuropeptide hormone activity. An important paralog of this gene is NPY.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PYY Gene
-
This gut peptide inhibits exocrine pancreatic secretion, has a vasoconstrictory action and inhibitis jejunal and colonic mobility.
No data available for CIViC summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for PYY Gene
Genomics for PYY Gene
Regulatory Elements for PYY Gene
Enhancers for PYY Gene
- Elite enhancer and/or Elite enhancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data dump
Enhancers around PYY on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the PYY gene promoter:
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Location for PYY Gene
- Chromosome:
- 17
- Start:
- 43,952,733 bp from pter
- End:
- 44,024,260 bp from pter
- Size:
- 71,528 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for PYY Gene
Genes around PYY on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 17q21.31 by Ensembl
- 17q21.31 by Entrez Gene
- 17q21.31 by HGNC
PYY Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for PYY Gene
Proteins for PYY Gene
-
Protein details for PYY Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P10082-PYY_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Peptide YY
- Protein Accession:
- P10082
- Q5U5Q6
- Q6FGH8
Protein attributes for PYY Gene
- Size:
- 97 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 11145 Da
- Quaternary structure:
- No Data Available
Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for PYY Gene
Protein Expression for PYY Gene
Post-translational modifications for PYY Gene
- The peptide YY form is cleaved at Pro-30 by the prolyl endopeptidase FAP (seprase) activity (in vitro) to generate peptide YY(3-36).
Other Protein References for PYY Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- EMD Millipore Complete listing of Mono and Polychlonal Antibodies for PYY
- R&D Systems Antibodies for PYY (Peptide YY)
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PYY
-
Abcam antibodies for PYY
-
Cloud-Clone Corp. Antibodies for PYY
- Invitrogen Antibodies for PYY
- GeneTex PYY antibody for PYY
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for PYY
Protein Products
-
OriGene Purified Proteins for PYY
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for PYY
- Origene Custom Protein Services for PYY
-
Cloud-Clone Corp. Proteins for PYY
- GeneTex Proteins for PYY
-
Abcam proteins for PYY
Assay Products
- EMD Millipore Kits and Assays for PYY
- Enzo Life Sciences assays for PYY
-
Cloud-Clone Corp Assay Kits for PYY
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for PYY Gene
Domains & Families for PYY Gene
Gene Families for PYY Gene
- HGNC:
Protein Domains for PYY Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for PYY Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P10082- Family:
-
- Belongs to the NPY family.
Function for PYY Gene
Molecular function for PYY Gene
- GENATLAS Biochemistry:
- peptide YY,gut hormone,inhibiting exocrine pancreatic secretion
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- This gut peptide inhibits exocrine pancreatic secretion, has a vasoconstrictory action and inhibitis jejunal and colonic mobility.
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0001664 | G-protein coupled receptor binding | IBA | -- |
| GO:0005179 | hormone activity | TAS | 10698177 |
| GO:0005184 | neuropeptide hormone activity | IBA | -- |
| GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 23597562 |
Phenotypes for PYY Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for PYY:
- inferred from 5 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for PYY:
Animal Model Products
-
Taconic Biosciences Mouse Models for PYY
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for PYY gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for PYY
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for PYY
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PYY
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for PYY
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for PYY
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene RNAi, siRNA, and shRNA products in human, mouse, rat for PYY
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For PYY
- Search ViGene Biosciences for PYY
Cell Line Products
-
Horizon Cell Lines for PYY
-
ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for PYY gene
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for PYY gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for PYY
Flow Cytometry Products
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology , miRNA , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for PYY Gene
Localization for PYY Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PYY Gene
- Secreted.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| extracellular | 5 |
| nucleus | 3 |
| cytosol | 3 |
| plasma membrane | 2 |
| peroxisome | 1 |
| lysosome | 1 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005576 | extracellular region | TAS | -- |
| GO:0005615 | extracellular space | IBA | -- |
Pathways & Interactions for PYY Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Peptide ligand-binding receptors | ||
| 2 | Signaling by GPCR | ||
| 3 | Sympathetic Nerve Pathway (Neuroeffector Junction) | ||
Pathways by source for PYY Gene
7 Reactome pathways for PYY Gene
1 PharmGKB pathway for PYY Gene
Interacting Proteins for PYY Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
P10082-PYY_HUMAN
ENSP00000353198
for PYY Gene via
MINT
STRING
IID
UniProtKB
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006928 | movement of cell or subcellular component | TAS | 10488139 |
| GO:0007010 | cytoskeleton organization | TAS | 7493937 |
| GO:0007186 | G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | TAS | 7592911 |
| GO:0007218 | neuropeptide signaling pathway | IBA | -- |
| GO:0007267 | cell-cell signaling | TAS | 7493937 |
Drugs & Compounds for PYY Gene
| Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hydrocortisone | Approved, Vet_approved | Pharma | Agonist | Adrenal glucocorticoid; immunosuppressant | 667 | |
| Insulin Detemir | Approved | Pharma | 195 | |||
| Insulin Glargine | Approved | Pharma | 528 | |||
| Methyltestosterone | Approved | Pharma | 563 | |||
| Testosterone | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Endogenous androgen receptor agonist | 563 |
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs |
|---|
Transcripts for PYY Gene
mRNA/cDNA for PYY Gene
- (2) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (4) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (12) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (2) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for PYY
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PYY
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for PYY
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for PYY
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene RNAi, siRNA, and shRNA products in human, mouse, rat for PYY
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For PYY
- Search ViGene Biosciences for PYY
Flow Cytometry Products
| ExUns: | 1 | ^ | 2 | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4a | · | 4b | ^ | 5 | ^ | 6 | ^ | 7a | · | 7b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | |||||||||||||||||
| SP2: |
Expression for PYY Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
-
Pancreas (Endocrine System)
- Endocrine Progenitor Cells Dorsal Pancreatic Bud
- Bipotent Endocrine/Duct Progenitor Cells Dorsal Pancreatic Bud
- Endocrine Progenitor Cells Ventral Pancreatic Bud
- Bipotent Endocrine/Duct Progenitor Cells Ventral Pancreatic Bud
-
Epithelial Cells
- Endocrine Progenitor Cells Dorsal Pancreatic Bud
- Bipotent Endocrine/Duct Progenitor Cells Dorsal Pancreatic Bud
- Endocrine Progenitor Cells Ventral Pancreatic Bud
- Bipotent Endocrine/Duct Progenitor Cells Ventral Pancreatic Bud
-
Gut Tube (Gastrointestinal Tract)
- Foregut Endoderm Cells Foregut
- Foregut
- Brain (Nervous System)
- Intestine (Gastrointestinal Tract)
- Endoderm (Gastrulation Derivatives)
-
Colon (Gastrointestinal Tract)
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for PYY Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Colon - Transverse (x31.7), Small Intestine - Terminal Ileum (x13.7), and Colon - Sigmoid (x4.0).
This gene is overexpressed in Colon (42.1) and Rectum (26.9).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, and MOPED for PYY Gene
- Elite partner
NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of PYY Gene:
PYYSOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for PYY Gene:
Hs.169249Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for PYY Gene
- Intestine(4.7)
- Nervous system(4.5)
- Stomach(2.7)
- Blood(2.5)
- Pancreas(2.3)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for PYY
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for PYY
No data available for mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for PYY Gene
Orthologs for PYY Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | PYY 34 35 |
|
||
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | PYY 34 35 |
|
||
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | PYY 34 35 |
|
||
| rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Pyy 34 |
|
||
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Pyy 34 16 35 |
|
||
| oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | PYY 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | PYY 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | PPY 35 |
|
ManyToMany | |
| lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | PYY 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | pyy 34 |
|
||
| zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | pyya 34 |
|
||
| pyyb 35 |
|
OneToOne |
- Species where no ortholog for PYY was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- rice (Oryza sativa)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis)
- sea squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
- worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Paralogs for PYY Gene
Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for PYY Gene
Variants for PYY Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 17 pos | Sequence Context | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs104894604 | Pathogenic | 44,006,584(+) | CGAGT(A/G)GGTGA | intron-variant, reference, stop-gained | |
| rs104894605 | Pathogenic | 44,007,611(+) | CATTC(C/T)GACCA | intron-variant, reference, missense | |
| rs104894606 | Pathogenic | 44,007,772(+) | ATCCC(C/G/T)GGTAG | intron-variant, reference, missense | |
| rs104894607 | Pathogenic | 44,007,621(+) | ATGGA(A/C/G)CCCGT | intron-variant, reference, synonymous-codon, missense | |
| rs121912591 | Pathogenic | 44,006,157(+) | TGACC(A/G)CGTCG | intron-variant, upstream-variant-2KB, reference, missense |
| Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| esv2675215 | CNV | deletion | 23128226 |
| nsv112219 | CNV | insertion | 16902084 |
| nsv1125242 | CNV | deletion | 24896259 |
| nsv1129188 | CNV | insertion | 24896259 |
| nsv1142218 | CNV | tandem duplication | 24896259 |
| nsv1146669 | OTHER | inversion | 26484159 |
| nsv1152253 | CNV | insertion | 26484159 |
| nsv833454 | CNV | loss | 17160897 |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
52.7% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
2.27;
40.71% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Relevant External Links for PYY Gene
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for PYY Gene
Disorders for PYY Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| obesity, pyy-related |
|
|
| anorexia nervosa |
|
|
| bulimia nervosa |
|
|
| short bowel syndrome |
|
|
| eating disorder |
|
Search PYY in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Relevant External Links for PYY
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for PYY Gene
Publications for PYY Gene
- Association study of 182 candidate genes in anorexia nervosa. (PMID: 20468064) Pinheiro A.P. … Woodside D.B. (Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 2010) 3 46 64
- Physiogenomic analysis of statin-treated patients: domain-specific counter effects within the ACACB gene on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol? (PMID: 20602615) RuaA+o G. … Wu A.H. (Pharmacogenomics 2010) 3 46 64
- Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of thiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study. (PMID: 20628086) Bailey S.D. … Anand S. (Diabetes Care 2010) 3 46 64
- Peptide YY levels across pubertal stages and associations with growth hormone. (PMID: 20375207) Lloyd B. … Misra M. (J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2010) 3 22 64
- Candidate molecular pathway genes related to appetite regulatory neural network, adipocyte homeostasis and obesity: results from the CARDIA Study. (PMID: 20642810) Friedlander Y. … Siscovick D.S. (Ann. Hum. Genet. 2010) 3 46 64
Products for PYY Gene
- R&D Systems Antibodies for PYY (Peptide YY)
- Browse R&D Systems for Human Recombinant Proteins
- Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
- Browse Primary Antibodies
- Browse Proteins and Enzymes
- Browse ELISAs
- Browse Activity Assays
- Browse cDNA Clones
- Browse Cell Culture Products
- Browse Cell Selection and Detection Kits
- Browse DNA Damage and Repair Kits
- Browse ELISpot/FluoroSpot Kits and Development Modules
- Browse Flow Cytometry Kits
- Browse Immunoprecipitation Assays
- Browse Luminex Assays
- Browse Peptides
- Browse Proteome Profiler Antibody Arrays
- Browse Small Molecules
- Custom Antibody Services
- Browse OriGene ELISA Kits
- Custom Assay Services
- OriGene Purified Proteins for PYY
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for PYY
- Origene Custom Protein Services for PYY
- Origene shRNA, siRNA, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for PYY
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For PYY
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for PYY
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for PYY
- OriGene CRISPR knockouts for PYY
- OriGene ORF clones in human for PYY
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Browse OriGene miRNA Products For PYY
- GenScript: Next-day shipping cDNA ORF clone for PYY in any vector
- GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for PYY
- GenScript Custom Assay Services for PYY
- GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for PYY
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for PYY
- Design optimal peptide antigens
- CloneReady with Over 120,000 Genes
- Gene Synthesis: Any Gene in Any Vector
- Vector-based siRNA and miRNA, Ready for Transfection
- Gene Mutant Library, Variants up to 10^11
- Plasmid Preparation
- GenScript Custom Peptide Services for PYY
- Browse Sino Biological cDNA Clones
- Browse Sino Biological Cell Lysates
- Browse Sino Biological Proteins
- Sino Biological Antibodies
- Sino Biological ELISA Kits and Pair Sets
- Sino Biological Cell Lysates
- Sino Biological qPCR Primers
- Sino Biological CRO Services for Proteins, Antibodies and Genes
- Sino Biological Transfection Reagents
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for PYY
- Novus Biologicals proteins and lysates for PYY
- Novus Biologicals
- Novus Biologicals Tissue Microarrays
- Abcam antibodies for PYY
- Abcam proteins for PYY
- Search for Assays for PYY at Abcam
- Find your target
- Search knockout validated antibodies
- Browse monoclonal antibodies
- Cloud-Clone Corp. Antibodies for PYY
- Cloud-Clone Corp. Proteins for PYY
- Cloud-Clone Corp Assay Kits for PYY
- Taconic Biosciences Mouse Models for PYY
- Find your next knockout model in the Taconic Knockout Repository
- Genetically Engineered Models Available Immediately
- Humanized Mice
- ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for PYY gene
- ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for PYY gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for PYY
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for PYY
- Search Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) for PYY siRNA/shRNA
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for PYY
- Horizon Cell Lines for PYY
- Cyagen custom Knockout/knockin (KOKI) mouse models for PYY
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for PYY
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for PYY
- VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
Sources for PYY Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) IntAct
- (22) Novoseek
- (23) PharmGKB
- (24) DrugBank
- (25) HMDB
- (26) UniGene
- (27) AceView
- (28) RNAdb
- (29) ASD
- (30) ECgene
- (31) GeneAnnot
- (32) CGAP SAGE
- (33) SOURCE
- (34) HomoloGene
- (35) PanEnsembl
- (36) euGenes
- (37) SGD
- (38) FlyBase
- (39) WormBase
- (40) Pseudogene
- (41) DGV
- (42) dbSNP
- (43) GenAtlas
- (44) GeneTests
- (45) HGMD
- (46) GAD
- (47) LSDB
- (48) BGMUT
- (49) HuGE
- (50) eBioscience
- (51) Atlas
- (52) Cell Signaling Technology
- (53) GenBank
- (54) H-invDB
- (55) HORDE
- (56) HUGE
- (57) IMGT
- (58) Leiden
- (59) MILLIPORE
- (60) miRBase
- (61) DME
- (62) NCBI
- (63) OriGene
- (64) PubMed
- (65) R&D Systems
- (66) TGDB
- (67) Tocris
- (68) Abcam
- (69) Novus
- (70) ProSpec
- (71) Sino Biological
- (72) GenScript
- (73) Qiagen
- (74) Cloud-Clone Corp.
- (75) Enzo Life Sciences
- (76) OCA
- (77) Proteopedia
- (78) MOPED
- (79) SPIRE
- (80) neXtProt
- (81) Reactome
- (82) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (83) fRNAdb
- (84) DISEASES
- (85) SIMAP
- (86) GenomeRNAi
- (87) LifeMap
- (88) miRTarBase
- (89) MalaCards
- (90) Invitrogen
- (91) BitterDB
- (92) Vector BioLabs
- (93) ESI-BIO
- (94) RefSeq
- (95) BioSystems
- (96) MaxQB
- (97) IUPHAR
- (98) BioGPS
- (99) Illumina
- (100) COMPARTMENTS
- (101) HOMER
- (102) PaxDb
- (103) ApexBio
- (104) Addgene
- (105) antibodies-online
- (106) CYP
- (107) NONCODE
- (108) SwitchGear Genomics
- (109) TreeFam
- (110) PathCards
- (111) GeneReviews
- (112) GeneTex
- (113) Taconic Biosciences
- (114) GTEx
- (115) ProteomicsDB
- (116) SCBT
- (117) DGIdb
- (118) ClinicalTrials
- (119) FDA Approved Drugs
- (120) RVIS
- (121) SIGNOR
- (122) diseasecard
- (123) NIH Rare Diseases
- (124) Orphanet
- (125) UMLS
- (126) GTR
- (127) Disease Ontology
- (128) Genetics Home Reference
- (129) MeSH
- (130) MedlinePlus
- (131) CDC
- (132) NINDS
- (133) NCBI Bookshelf
- (134) ClinVar
- (135) Gene Damage Index
- (136) ViGene Biosciences
- (137) HPO
- (138) UDN
- (139) VISTA
- (140) FANTOM5
- (141) ENCODE
- (142) ProSci
- (143) Horizon
- (144) NURSA
- (145) IID
- (146) Cyagen
- (147) VectorBuilder
- (148) SNPedia
- (149) BRCA Exchange
- (150) St John's Lab
- (151) CIViC
- (152) ProteoGenix
- (153) dbSUPER
- (154) TISSUES
- (155) Gene ORGANizer