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YARS2 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 54

GC12M032789
tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database
Services    
(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc , and/or 7Ensembl, 8miRBase)
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Aliases
CGI-04 1, 2
EC 6.1.1.1 3
FLJ13995 1, 2
TYRRS 2
TyrRS 3
mt-TyrRS 1, 2
Descriptions
Tyrosine--tRNA ligase 3
tyrosine tRNA ligase 2, mitochondrial 2
tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial 2
External Ids
HGNC: 242491
Entrez Gene: 510672
UniProtKB: Q9Y2Z43
Ensembl: ENSG000001391317
Search outside databases for aliases for YARS2 gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYYM_HUMAN, Q9Y2Z4
Function: Catalyzes the attachment of tyrosine to tRNA(Tyr) in a two-step reaction: tyrosine is
first activated by ATP to form Tyr-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Tyr) (By
similarity)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
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Genomic View:
UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

 Transcription factor binding sites upstream to the YARS2 gene  

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 12p11.21   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  12p11.21   HGNC cytogenetic band: 12p11.21

YARS2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 12         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC12M032789:     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
32,790,726 bp from pter
End:
32,800,141 bp from pter
Size:
9,416 bases
Orientation:
minus strand
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000012.10  NT_009714.16  
(According to 1UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to 2Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYYM_HUMAN, Q9Y2Z4 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial precursor  
Size: 477 amino acids; 53199 Da
Subunit: Homodimer
Subcellular location: Mitochondrion matrix
PDB structures from and Proteopedia :
2PID (3D)    
Secondary accessions: Q9H817

Post-translational modifications:

  • View phosphorylation sites using PhosphoSite2


  • REFSEQ proteins: NP_001035526.1  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
    ENSP00000320658 


    Human Recombinant Proteins 
    Browse Drug Discovery Central at Invitrogen for human recombinant proteins
    Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at Millipore
    Browse Human Recombinant Proteins at Sigma-Aldrich  
    Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
    Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
    Recombinant Proteins from Abcam (YARS2)
    Human Recombinant Proteins from Abnova (YARS2)
                    Browse Origene for full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells 

    3 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component terms (links to tree view):

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005737 cytoplasm IEA--
    GO:0005739 mitochondrion NAS10810093
    GO:0005759 mitochondrial matrix IEA--
    About this table

    Antibodies for YARS2: 
    Browse Antibodies Central at Invitrogen
    Browse Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
    Browse Antibodies at Sigma-Aldrich
    Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
    Antibodies from Abcam (YARS2), each with their AbpromiseSM
    Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies from Abnova (YARS2)
    Novus Biologicals Antibody for YARS2

    Assays for YARS2: 
    Browse Invitrogen for biochemical assays
    Browse Kits and Assays available from Millipore
    Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
    Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    4 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR002307 Tyr-tRNA-synth_Ib_bac/mito
     IPR002305 aa-tRNA-synth_Ib
     IPR001412 aa-tRNA-synth_I_CS
     IPR014729 Rossmann-like_a/b/a_fold


       GeneDecks  YARS2 for the domains selected above  
    About GeneDecksing

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q9Y2Z4

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q9Y2Z4

    1 Blocks protein family: IPB002307 Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase signature

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYYM_HUMAN, Q9Y2Z4
    Similarity: Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family

    (According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
    shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
    RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    Inhib.
    RNA:
    Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (YARS2)
    Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
    Browse Abnova for Chimera RNAi Products
                   OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vectors (see all 2): NM_001040436

                  Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for YARS2

                  Sigma-Aldrich siRNA for YARS2  
                         Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for YARS2  
                         Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs  

    Clones:Invitrogen Clones for YARS2
    Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore
                  OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_001040436
                                     Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_001040436
                                     untagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_001040436 

    Primers: Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers
                  OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_001040436

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYYM_HUMAN, Q9Y2Z4
    Function: Catalyzes the attachment of tyrosine to tRNA(Tyr) in a two-step reaction: tyrosine is
    first activated by ATP to form Tyr-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Tyr) (By
    similarity)
    Catalytic activity: ATP + L-tyrosine + tRNA(Tyr) = AMP + diphosphate + L-tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr)
    Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 6.1.1.1 

    5 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (links to tree view):

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0000166 nucleotide binding IEA--
    GO:0004831 tyrosine-tRNA ligase activity NAS10810093
    GO:0005515 protein binding IPI17353931
    GO:0005524 ATP binding IEA--
    GO:0016874 ligase activity IEA--
    About this table

    (Pathways according to Invitrogen (maps by GeneGo), Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB,
    Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, and/or 3STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section


    2 Sigma-Aldrich "Your Favorite Gene" Pathways for  YARS2  (Your Favorite Gene powered by Ingenuity) 
     Phenylalanine, Tyrosine and Tryptophan Biosynthesis
     Aminoacyl-tRNA Biosynthesis

       GeneDecks  YARS2 for the pathways selected above  
    About GeneDecksing

    2 Kegg Pathways  (Kegg details for YARS2):
     hsa00400 Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis
     hsa00970 Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis

       GeneDecks  YARS2 for the pathways selected above  
    About GeneDecksing

    5/11 Interacting proteins for YARS2 (Q9Y2Z41 ENSP000003206583) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING (see all 11 )
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    CDC20Q128341EBI-1049286, EBI-367462
    YARSENSP000003625763STRING (score=.978)
    GOT1ENSP000003595393STRING (score=.899)
    GOT2ENSP000002452063STRING (score=.899)
    PAHENSP000003035003STRING (score=.899)
    About this table

    1 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process term (links to tree view):

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0006437 tyrosyl-tRNA aminoacylation IEA--
    About this table
    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
    About This Section

    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences
    Browse Small Molecules at Sigma-Aldrich

    Browse Tocris compounds for YARS2
    1 Novoseek chemical compound relationship for YARS2 gene
    Compound   Score   Articles   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    tyrosine 36.66 1 18268021 (1)
    About this table


    (GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 219 Homo sapiens; Jun 2 2009) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
    non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
    ESTs according to GeneTide,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, and/or Abnova,
    siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
    shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene,
    Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
    About This Section

    Inhib.
    RNA:
    Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (YARS2)
    Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
    Browse Abnova for Chimera RNAi Products
                   OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vectors (see all 2): NM_001040436

                  Sigma-Aldrich siRNA for YARS2  
                         Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for YARS2  
                         Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs  

    Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs: 

    NM_001040436  

    REFSEQ mRNAs for YARS2 gene: 

    NM_001040436.1   

    Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays: 

    NM_001040436  

                  OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_001040436
                                     Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_001040436
                                     untagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_001040436 

    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AK024057.1 AK026619.1 AK130935.1 BC015625.2 CR599422.1 CR600056.1 CR602460.1 CR603090.1 
    CR613924.1 CR616684.1 CR621180.1 

    8 DOTS entries:

    DT.100766389  DT.100811471  DT.100811473  DT.101982967  DT.100811476  DT.92036555  DT.100656281  DT.455783 

    24/169 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 169 ):

    AL550526 BX115035 CR616684 AI658738 AA514792 CR603090 BM788583 AW237063 
    BX426353 AA947985 AA903035 BU624190 BQ690039 AI200199 BQ935733 BI093579 
    BE873633 BF590565 CR621180 AA576313 AL556461 BQ948022 BU616843 N69226 

    highest scoring ESTs for YARS2:

    AA305890 AA341406 AA625298 AK024057 AK026619 AL520131 AL552956 AL556461 AL576181 AL578710 

    Unigene Cluster for YARS2:

    Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial
    Hs.505231  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_001040436


    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    2 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for YARS2

    ExUns: 1a · 1b ^ 2 ^ 3a · 3b ^ 4a · 4b ^ 5
    SP1:                                                
    SP2:                    -                           

    About this scheme

    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for YARS2

    1 Ensembl transcript including schematic representation:
    ENST00000324868  
    (Experimental results according to 1GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
    probe sets-to-genes annotations according to 2GeneAnnot , 3GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 219 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
    Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems )
    About This Section

    YARS2 expression in normal and diseased human tissues

     Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for YARS2

    1 / 2 / 3

    5 probe-sets matching YARS2 gene


    Affymetrix
    probe-set
    Array  GeneAnnot data GeneNote data GeneTide data
    # genes Sensitivity Specificity Correlation Length Gb_Accession Consensus Uniqueness Score Rank

    71128_r_at2, 3 U95-E 1 1.00 1.00 0.88 0.49 AI861961 0.60 1.00 0.82 1

    45688_at2, 3 U95-B 1 1.00 1.00 0.66 1.30 AI653357 0.60 1.00 0.82 1
    44985_at2, 3 U95-B 1 1.00 1.00 0.75 1.23 AA625298 0.80 1.00 0.91 1

    218470_at2, 3 U133-A 1 1.00 1.00 -- -- NM_015936 0.20 1.00 0.72 1

    218470_at2 U133Plus2 1 1.00 1.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
    GeneDecks  YARS2 for binary patterns associated with the probe-sets selected above  
    About GeneDecksing
    About this table    
    Data from (Publications) and GNF BioGPS
        About these images
    About these images

    CGAP SAGE TAG: TCTGATCAGG

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.505231
    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD and/or 5MGI Jun 06 2009, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
    About This Section


    Orthologs for YARS2 gene from 5/21 species (see all 21 )
    Organism Gene Locus Description Human
    Similarity
    NCBI accessions
    dog
    (Canis familiaris)
    YARS21   -- tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial 86.09(n)
    87.21(a)
    486614  XM_543740.2  XP_543740.1 
    chimpanzee
    (Pan troglodytes)
    YARS21   -- tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial 99.72(n)
    99.58(a)
    473356  XM_528727.2  XP_528727.1 
    cow
    (Bos taurus)
    YARS21   -- tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial 87.07(n)
    87.84(a)
    536956  XM_882166.2  XP_887259.2 
    rat
    (Rattus norvegicus)
    Yars21   -- tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (mitochondrial) 83.23(n)
    85.14(a)
    287924  NM_001009627.1  NP_001009627.1 
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)
    Yars21, 5 165
    tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (mitochondrial)1, 5 83.86(n)1
    85.77(a)1
    701201  NM_198246.11  NP_937889.11 
     AK0087745  AK0391235  (see all 12)
    About this table        Species with no ortholog for YARS2

    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for YARS2
    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene
    and 2Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to 3Pseudogene.org)
    About This Section

      --
    (According to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
    About This Section


    10/63 NCBI SNPs in YARS2 are shown (see all 63 )
    (Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay)  (see all 38)
    ABGenomic DataTranscription DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidChr 12 posSequenceRecsAA
    Chg
    TypeMoreRecsAllele
    freq
    PopTotal
    sample
    More
    ------------
    rs8771291,2
    A,C,F,H32800507(-) CTCCGC/AGAACT 1 -- ng319Minor allele frequency- A:0.31NA PA MN EU EA WA 944
    rs110522141,2
    A,C,F,H32790762(+) tcactC/Tactac 1 -- ut318Minor allele frequency- T:0.12EU EA WA 838
    rs108443371,2
    A,C,F,H32791196(+) TCAAGC/GTTTGT 1 -- ut3111Minor allele frequency- G:0.14EU EA WA NA 980
    rs14549321,2
    A,C,F,H32801113(-) ggtctA/Gaaggt 1 -- ng3111Minor allele frequency- G:0.09EA NA EU WA 880
    rs110522151,2
    C,F,H32791243(+) ATTTAT/CTAACC 1 -- ut31 ese34Minor allele frequency- C:0.02EU EA WA 416
    rs115394451,2
    C,F32799504(-) GGGGGG/TTCACT 1 G/V mis1 ese35Minor allele frequency- T:0.07NA EU EA WA 498
    rs128320191,2
    H32790570(+) GCTCTC/TTGAAC 1 -- ng514Minor allele frequency- T:0.00EU EA WA 420
    rs38278831,2
    C32800228(+) AGTCCC/GGACTC 1 -- ng310--------
    rs115394441,2
    C,F32799785(-) CTGGGC/TCTGTT 1 G/G syn1 ese34Minor allele frequency- T:0.12NA 200
    rs21241501,2
    A,C,F,H,O32792832(-) TCCCTG/ATAGTA 1 -- int111Minor allele frequency- A:0.14EU EA WA NA 966
    About this table

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for YARS2 (up to first 250kb)

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    OMIM: 610957

    (Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
    About This Section

      --

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Novoseek, 2HGNC, 3Entrez Gene, 4UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 5UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 6GAD, and/or 7PharmGKB)
    About This Section

    10/26 PubMed articles for YARS2 gene (see all 26 ):
    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section

     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Free Text  

      Query String
    PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)
    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section

    Entrez Gene: 51067 HGNC: 24249 AceView: CGI-04 Ensembl:ENSG00000139131 euGenes: HUgn51067
    ECgene: YARS2 H-InvDB: YARS2
    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section

      --
    (According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section

      --
    (Available from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts)
    About This Section

      --
    (Reagents available from Applied Biosystems, Antibodies and assays by Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Novus Biologicals,
    Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Millipore, Abnova, and/or Invitrogen, Clones available from OriGene,and/or Invitrogen, Drugs and/or compounds by Sigma-Aldrich,
    Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Tocris Bioscience)
    About This Section



    Products for YARS2:
     TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays
     TaqMan ® Genotyping Assays
      Free SNP selection tool



      Invitrogen iPath Pathways  Invitrogen BLOCK-iT™ RNAi
      Invitrogen Antibodies  Invitrogen Assays
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      Invitrogen Proteins / Assays / Screening Services  Search Invitrogen catalog for YARS2-related products

     Millipore Custom Antibody & Bulk Services
     Millipore Preclinical / Clinical Development Services
     Millipore Immunoassay Services
     Millipore Target Screening & Profiling Services


     Predesigned and custom siRNAs for YARS2 Browse antibodies at Sigma-Aldrich
     Explore super-pooled esiRNAs Browse proteins at Sigma-Aldrich
     Lentivirus-delivered shRNAs for YARS2 Browse small molecules at Sigma-Aldrich
     "Your Favorite Gene" Pathwaysfeedback


      
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     Search OriGene for YARS2
     Search Tocris compounds for YARS2




     Search www.enzolifesicences.com for proteins, assays, substrates, inhibitors & antibodies
     Antibodies for YARS2

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