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XDH Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 60

GC02M031470

xanthine dehydrogenase
(Previous name: xanthene dehydrogenase )
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc , and/or ⁷Ensembl, ⁸miRBase)
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Aliases
OTTHUMP00000125231 ^²
XDHA ^³
XO ^¹, ²
XOR ^¹, ²

Descriptions
xanthene dehydrogenase ^¹, ²
xanthine dehydrogenase ^²
xanthine oxidase ^²
xanthine oxidoreductase ^²

External Ids
HGNC: 12805¹
Entrez Gene: 7498²
UniProtKB: P47989³
Ensembl: ENSG00000158125⁷

Search outside databases for aliases for XDH gene

Previous GC identifers: GC02M031482 GC02M031665 GC02M031533

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
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EntrezGene summary for XDH:

Xanthine dehydrogenase belongs to the group of molybdenum-containing hydroxylases involved in the

oxidative metabolism of purines. The enzyme is a homodimer. Xanthine dehydrogenase can be

converted to xanthine oxidase by reversible sulfhydryl oxidation or by irreversible proteolytic

modification. Defects in xanthine dehydrogenase cause xanthinuria, may contribute to adult

respiratory stress syndrome, and may potentiate influenza infection through an oxygen

metabolite-dependent mechanism. [provided by RefSeq]

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: XDH_HUMAN, P47989

Function: This enzyme can be converted from the dehydrogenase form (D) to the oxidase form (O)

irreversibly by proteolysis or reversibly through the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups

Gene Wiki entry for XDH (Xanthine_dehydrogenase)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
About This Section

Genomic View:

UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Transcription factor binding sites upstream to the XDH gene

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 2p23.1 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 2p23.1 HGNC cytogenetic band: 2p23.1

XDH Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 2 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC02M031470: (about GC identifiers)

Start:	31,410,692 bp from pter
End:	31,491,115 bp from pter
Size:	80,424 bases
Orientation:	minus strand

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000002.10 NT_022184.14

(According to ¹UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to ²Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: XDH_HUMAN, P47989 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase

Size: 1333 amino acids; 146424 Da

Cofactor: Binds 2 2Fe-2S clusters

Cofactor: FAD

Cofactor: Molybdopterin

Subunit: Homodimer. Interacts with BTN1A1 (By similarity)

Subcellular location: Peroxisome

PDB structure from and Proteopedia :

2CKJ (3D)

2E1Q (3D)

Secondary accessions: Q16681 Q16712 Q4PJ16

Post-translational modifications:

View phosphorylation sites using PhosphoSite²

REFSEQ proteins: NP_000370.2

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000368727

Human Recombinant Proteins

	Browse Drug Discovery Central at Invitrogen for human recombinant proteins
	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at Millipore
	Browse Human Recombinant Proteins at Sigma-Aldrich
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	Recombinant Proteins from Abcam (Xanthine Oxidase)
	Human Recombinant Proteins from Abnova (XDH)

Browse Origene for full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells

2 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005777	peroxisome	IEA	--
GO:0005829	cytosol	IEA	--

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Antibodies for XDH:

	Browse Antibodies Central at Invitrogen
	Browse Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
	Browse Antibodies at Sigma-Aldrich
	Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
	Antibodies from Abcam (Xanthine Oxidase), each with their Abpromise^SM
	Browse Abnova for Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies
	Search Novus for antibodies for XDH

Assays for XDH:

	Browse Invitrogen for biochemical assays
	Browse Kits and Assays available from Millipore
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
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Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P47989

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P47989

5/6 Blocks protein families (see all 6 ):

IPB000674 Aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase

IPB001041 Ferredoxin

IPB002346 Molybdopterin dehydrogenase

IPB002888 [2Fe-2S]-binding

IPB005107 CO dehydrogenase flavoprotein C-terminal domain

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: XDH_HUMAN, P47989

Similarity: Belongs to the xanthine dehydrogenase family

Similarity: Contains 1 2Fe-2S ferredoxin-type domain

Similarity: Contains 1 FAD-binding PCMH-type domain

(According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
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Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (XDH)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (XDH)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector: NM_000379

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for XDH

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for XDH

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for XDH

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Clones:		Browse Clone Ranger at Invitrogen for clones
		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore

OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_000379
Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_000379
untagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_000379

Primers:

Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers

OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_000379

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: XDH_HUMAN, P47989

Function: This enzyme can be converted from the dehydrogenase form (D) to the oxidase form (O)

irreversibly by proteolysis or reversibly through the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups

Catalytic activity: Xanthine + NAD(+) + H(2)O = urate + NADH

Catalytic activity: Hypoxanthine + NAD(+) + H(2)O = xanthine + NADH

Catalytic activity: Xanthine + H(2)O + O(2) = urate + H(2)O(2)

Genatlas biochemistry entry for XDH:

xanthine oxidase (dehydrogenase),catalyzing the oxidation of hypoxanthine to purine and purine to

uric acid,adenine nucleotide catalytic pathway

9 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles) (MGI details for Xdh):

adipose tissue	endocrine/exocrine gland	growth/size	homeostasis/metabolism	lethality-postnatal
life span-post-weaning/aging	muscle	renal/urinary system	reproductive system

5/9 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (links to tree view) (see all 9 ):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0004854	xanthine dehydrogenase activity	TAS	8224915
GO:0004855	xanthine oxidase activity	IEA	--
GO:0005506	iron ion binding	IEA	--
GO:0009055	electron carrier activity	IEA	--
GO:0016491	oxidoreductase activity	IEA	--

About this table

(Pathways according to Invitrogen (maps by GeneGo), Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, and/or ³STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
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2 Sigma-Aldrich "Your Favorite Gene" Pathways for XDH (Your Favorite Gene powered by Ingenuity)

Purine Metabolism
Mitochondrial Dysfunction

GeneDecks XDH for the pathways selected above

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Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for XDH

5 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0007595	lactation	IEA	--
GO:0010044	response to aluminum ion	IEA	--
GO:0030856	regulation of epithelial cell differentiation	IEA	--
GO:0045453	bone resorption	IEA	--
GO:0055114	oxidation reduction	IEA	--

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(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
About This Section

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Sigma-Aldrich Small Molecules for XDH:

Inhibitor

Browse Tocris compounds for XDH
10/55 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for XDH gene (see all 55 )

Compound	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
xanthine	99.22	5677	8038267 (10), 2170383 (10), 9023782 (9), 17906999 (8) (see all 99)
superoxide	91.76	962	13678240 (5), 16650385 (5), 12911273 (5), 14738912 (4) (see all 99)
2-hydroxy-6-methylpurine	88.54	10	18063585 (2), 11330474 (2), 11456936 (2), 8385992 (1) (see all 6)
uric acid	87.30	322	8922344 (6), 8134172 (4), 8572327 (4), 17944674 (4) (see all 99)
molybdenum	84.59	120	8302261 (5), 7642590 (5), 11602591 (3), 11302742 (3) (see all 73)
oxygen	83.34	462	12637268 (5), 14694147 (3), 9367530 (3), 7757199 (3) (see all 99)
afmu	81.43	40	1458773 (3), 10197295 (2), 11393735 (2), 12580991 (2) (see all 14)
1-methylxanthine	81.12	69	1458773 (5), 8730975 (3), 10027663 (2), 10197295 (2) (see all 19)
6-thiouric acid	80.26	11	17378811 (1), 17081813 (1), 8520521 (1), 18043486 (1) (see all 6)
purine	78.53	106	12184628 (3), 16206825 (3), 14694147 (2), 8439471 (2) (see all 72)

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3 PharmGKB drug compound relationships for XDH gene

Drug compound	PharmGKB Relations	PubMed IDs for articles supporting these relationships
allopurinol	FA	9728483
menadione	FA	9728483
methotrexate	FA	9728483

About this table

(GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 219 Homo sapiens; Jun 2 2009) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
ESTs according to GeneTide,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, and/or Abnova,
siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (XDH)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (XDH)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector: NM_000379

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for XDH

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for XDH

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs:

NM_000379

REFSEQ mRNAs for XDH gene:

NM_000379.3

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays:

NM_000379

              OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_000379
                                 Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_000379
                                 untagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_000379

Additional cDNA sequence:

CR614711.1 D11456.2 U06117.1 U39487.1

3 DOTS entries:

DT.309418 DT.100747324 DT.40219821

24/38 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 38 ):

D11456 AA588742 AI580045 CR614711 U39487 AA386219 AA877996 CD238871

U06117 CD238503 BV183408 AW444632 BG617489 CD239432 NM_000379 BX350215

AA584403 BP382907 AL552489 AL709033 AK130114 BM969390 AI673575 BG568919

highest scoring ESTs for XDH:

U39487 AL709033 D11456 U06117 AA584403 AA588742 AI553678 AI673575 AW291191 AW444632

Unigene Cluster for XDH:

Xanthine dehydrogenase

Hs.250 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_000379

GeneLoc Exon Structure

1 Ensembl transcript including schematic representation:

ENST00000379416

(Experimental results according to ¹GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
probe sets-to-genes annotations according to ²GeneAnnot , ³GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 219 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems )
About This Section

XDH expression in normal and diseased human tissues

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for XDH

¹ / ² / ³

6 probe-sets matching XDH gene

Affymetrix probe-set	Array	# genes	Sensitivity	Specificity	Correlation	Length	Gb_Accession	Consensus	Uniqueness	Score	Rank
Affymetrix probe-set	Array	GeneAnnot data			GeneNote data		GeneTide data
76770_at²^{, 3}	U95-D	1	1.00	1.00	0.95	1.21	AA584403	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
33463_at²^{, 3}	U95-A	2	1.00	0.97	0.90	0.81	U39487	1.00	1.00	1.00	1
241994_at²	U133-B	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
210301_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	U06117	0.80	1.00	0.91	1
241994_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
210301_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

GeneDecks XDH for binary patterns associated with the probe-sets selected above

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Data from

(Publications) and GNF BioGPS
About these images
About these images

CGAP SAGE TAG: --

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.250
Expression variation in blood from EXPOLDB for XDH

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD and/or ⁵MGI Jun 06 2009, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
About This Section

Orthologs for XDH gene from 5/22 species (see all 22 )

Organism	Gene	Locus	Description	Human Similarity	NCBI accessions
dog (Canis familiaris)	XDH¹	--	xanthine dehydrogenase	88.79(n) 90.62(a)	483028 XM_857565.1 XP_862658.1
chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)	XDH¹	--	xanthine dehydrogenase	99.42(n) 99.47(a)	470347 XM_525729.2 XP_525729.2
cow (Bos taurus)	XDH¹	--	xanthine dehydrogenase	88.64(n) 89.64(a)	280960 NM_173972.2 NP_776397.1
rat (Rattus norvegicus)	Xdh¹	--	xanthine dehydrogenase	86.23(n) 90.46(a)	497811 NM_017154.1 NP_058850.1
mouse (Mus musculus)	Xdh^{1, 5}	17 (45.30 cM)⁵	xanthine dehydrogenase^{1, 5}	85.52(n)¹ 89.41(a)¹	22436¹ NM_011723.2¹ NP_035853.2¹ AK008517⁵ AK090058⁵ (see all 56)

About this table Species with no ortholog for XDH

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for XDH

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene
and ²Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to ³Pseudogene.org)
About This Section

Paralogs for XDH gene

AOX1²

(According to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

10/766 NCBI SNPs in XDH are shown (see all 766 )
(Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay) (see all 210)

AB	SNP ID	Valid	Chr 2 pos	Sequence	Recs	AA Chg	Type	More	Recs	Pop	Total sample	More
AB	Genomic Data				Transcription Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--			--
	rs206812^1,2	A,C,F,H,O	31491373(-)	`ACGAAA/GCAGGT`	1	--	ng3¹		21	NA EA MN EU WA NS	1690
	rs1042039^1,2	A,C,F,H,O	31411810(+)	`AAAGAC/TGGTTA`	1	--	ut3¹		21	NS MN EA NA EU WA	1270
	rs6543626^1,2	A,C,F,H	31410490(+)	`AAACAC/TTCGTT`	1	--	ng5¹		4	EU EA WA	412
	rs17011368^1,2	C,F,H	31444421(+)	`CTTTAT/CAGCAT`	1	V/I	mis¹		17	NA EU EA WA NS	1228
	rs1054889^1,2	C,F,H	31410812(+)	`ACAGTA/GAAGGC`	1	--	ut3¹ ese³		18	NA EA MN EU WA NS	2852
	rs206813^1,2	A,C,F	31492099(-)	`GTGTGT/CGTGTG`	1	--	ng3¹		5	NS	188
	rs17323225^1,2	C,F,H	31446769(+)	`AGTTAT/CGTTAC`	1	V/I	mis¹		17	NA EU EA WA NS	1230
--	rs6710015^1,2	C,F	31410851(+)	`CACCAC/TGTAGG`	1	--	ut3¹ ese³		9	EA NA NS	406
	rs34929837^1,2	C,F	31456295(-)	`CAGAAA/TGACCC`	1	K/M	mis¹		10	NA EU EA WA NS	684
	rs36208390^1,2	C,F	31491102(+)	`GTTATC/GACTGC`	1	--	ut5¹		5	NS	190

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HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for XDH (up to first 250kb)

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, Novoseek, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
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OMIM: 607633 disorders: 278300

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: XDH_HUMAN, P47989

Defects in XDH are the cause of xanthinuria type 1 (XU1) [MIM:278300]. Xanthinuria is

characterized by excretion of very large amounts of xanthine in the urine and a tendency to form

xanthine stones. Uric acid is strikingly diminished in serum and urine. XU1 is due to isolated

xanthine dehydrogenase. XU1 patients can metabolize allopurinol

May contribute to adult respiratory stress syndrome (ARDS) and may potentiate influenza

infection through an oxygen metabolite-dependent mechanism

10/94 Novoseek disease relationships for XDH gene (see all 94 )

Disease	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
xanthinuria, type i	90.08	28	7667222 (4), 8976115 (2), 2379312 (1), 10844591 (1) (see all 17)
xanthinuria	88.86	31	2379312 (4), 10844591 (4), 12670960 (2), 7829092 (2) (see all 17)
molybdenum cofactor deficiency	83.82	16	8812740 (2), 9634514 (1), 12385777 (1), 7474893 (1) (see all 14)
hyperuricemia	77.87	29	16022578 (2), 19075968 (2), 18409526 (1), 17213786 (1) (see all 22)
gout	74.13	41	16022578 (2), 19075968 (2), 15751090 (2), 10533512 (1) (see all 29)
xanthinuria, type ii	73.41	3	11302742 (2), 17368066 (1)
hypouricemia	63.99	4	8976110 (1), 14624414 (1), 1912172 (1)
cell damage	61.84	30	2390135 (2), 9928765 (2), 15853750 (1), 16602626 (1) (see all 21)
oxidase deficiency	59.39	1	15025809 (1)
lesch-nyhan syndrome	52.02	1	8976090 (1)

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Genatlas disease: XDH

xanthinuria type I

Human Gene Mutation Database: XDH
Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator: XDH (7 documents)

(Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
About This Section

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Novoseek, ²HGNC, ³Entrez Gene, ⁴UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁵UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁶GAD, and/or ⁷PharmGKB)
About This Section

10/1318 PubMed articles for XDH gene (see all 1318 ):

Cloning of the cDNA encoding human xanthine dehydrogenase (oxidase): structural analysis of the protein and chromosomal location of the gene. (PubMed id 8224915)^{2, 3, 4} Ichida K.... Nishino T. (1993)
Identification of two mutations in human xanthine dehydrogenase gene responsible for classical type I xanthinuria. (PubMed id 9153281)^{1, 3, 4} Ichida K....Sakai O. (1997)
Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. (PubMed id 17081983)^{3, 4} Olsen J.V....Mann M. (2006)
An in vitro study on methotrexate hydroxylation in rat and human liver. (PubMed id 9728483)^{1, 7} Chladek J....Sispera L. (1997)
Cloning and expression in vitro of human xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase. (PubMed id 8670112)^{3, 4} Saksela M. and Raivio K.O. (1996)
Molecular cloning, tissue expression of human xanthine dehydrogenase. (PubMed id 7575623)^{3, 4} Xu P....Hoidal J.R. (1995)
Molecular cloning, tissue expression of human xanthine dehydrogenase. (PubMed id 8135849)^{3, 4} Xu P.... Hoidal J.R. (1994)
Migratory activity of human breast cancer cells is modulated by differential expression of xanthine oxidoreductase. (PubMed id 18767115)^{1, 3} Fini M.A....Wright R.M. (2008)
Xanthine oxidoreductase and xanthine oxidase in human cornea. (PubMed id 12168784)^{1, 3} Cejkova J....Midelfart A. (2002)
Decreased xanthine oxidoreductase is a predictor of poor prognosis in early-stage gastric cancer. (PubMed id 16935971)^{1, 3} Linder N....Lundin J. (2006)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 7498	HGNC: 12805	AceView: XDH	Ensembl:ENSG00000158125	euGenes: HUgn7498
ECgene: XDH	H-InvDB: XDH

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
GeneReviews	http://www.genetests.org/query?gene=XDH
NIEHS-SNPs	http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/xdh/

Licensable Technologies for XDH
(Available from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts)

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(Reagents available from Applied Biosystems, Antibodies and assays by Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Novus Biologicals,
Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Millipore, Abnova, and/or Invitrogen, Clones available from OriGene,and/or Invitrogen, Drugs and/or compounds by Sigma-Aldrich,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Tocris Bioscience)
About This Section

Products for XDH:

TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays

TaqMan ® Genotyping Assays

Free SNP selection tool

Invitrogen iPath Pathways	Invitrogen BLOCK-iT™ RNAi
Invitrogen Antibodies	Invitrogen Assays
Invitrogen Clones	Invitrogen Q-PCR Products
Invitrogen Human Recombinant Kinases	Invitrogen Custom Antibody and Peptide Service
Invitrogen Proteins / Assays / Screening Services	Search Invitrogen catalog for XDH-related products

	Millipore Custom Antibody & Bulk Services
	Millipore Preclinical / Clinical Development Services
	Millipore Immunoassay Services
	Millipore Target Screening & Profiling Services

	Predesigned and custom siRNAs for XDH		Browse antibodies at Sigma-Aldrich
	Explore super-pooled esiRNAs		Browse proteins at Sigma-Aldrich
	Lentivirus-delivered shRNAs for XDH		Small molecules for XDH
	"Your Favorite Gene" Pathways		feedback

	Antibodies		Primer Pairs
	Cell Culture Products		ELISAs
	Flow Cytometry Kits		Protease Activity Assays & Reagents
	Cell Selection/Detection Kits & Reagents		ELISA/Assay Development Kits & Reagents
	Multiplex/Array Assay Kits & Reagents		ELISpot Kits & Development Modules
	Recombinant & Natural Proteins

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XDH Gene at Home site.
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XDH Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 60

Aliases &
Descriptions
for XDH

Summaries
for XDH

Genomic Location
for XDH

Proteins
for XDH

Protein Domains/
Families
for XDH

Gene Function
for XDH

Pathways & Interactions
for XDH

Drugs & Compounds
for XDH

Transcripts
for XDH

Expression
for XDH

Orthologs
for XDH

Paralogs
for XDH

SNPs/Variants
for XDH

Disorders & Mutations
for XDH

Medical News
for XDH

Publications
for XDH

Search for XDH

Genome Databases showing XDH

Other Databases showing XDH

Specialized Databases showing XDH

Licensable Technologies
for XDH

Services
for XDH

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

XDH Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 60

Aliases & Descriptionsfor XDH

Summariesfor XDH

Genomic Locationfor XDH

Proteinsfor XDH

Protein Domains/Familiesfor XDH

Gene Functionfor XDH

Pathways & Interactionsfor XDH

Drugs & Compoundsfor XDH

Transcriptsfor XDH

Expression for XDH

Orthologsfor XDH

Paralogsfor XDH

SNPs/Variantsfor XDH

Disorders & Mutationsfor XDH

Medical Newsfor XDH

Publicationsfor XDH

Search for XDH

Genome Databases showing XDH

Other Databases showing XDH

Specialized Databases showing XDH

Licensable Technologiesfor XDH

Servicesfor XDH

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Aliases &
Descriptions
for XDH

Summaries
for XDH

Genomic Location
for XDH

Proteins
for XDH

Protein Domains/
Families
for XDH

Gene Function
for XDH

Pathways & Interactions
for XDH

Drugs & Compounds
for XDH

Transcripts
for XDH

Expression
for XDH

Orthologs
for XDH

Paralogs
for XDH

SNPs/Variants
for XDH

Disorders & Mutations
for XDH

Medical News
for XDH

Publications
for XDH

Licensable Technologies
for XDH

Services
for XDH