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WARS Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 65

GC14M099869

tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database
(Previous symbol: IFI53)

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc , and/or ⁷Ensembl, ⁸miRBase)
About This Section

Aliases
EC 6.1.1.2 ^³
GAMMA-2 ^²
IFI53 ^², ³
IFP53 ^¹, ², ³
TrpRS ^³
WRS ^³
hWRS ^³

Descriptions
Interferon-induced protein 53 ^², ³
Tryptophan--tRNA ligase ^³
tryptophan tRNA ligase 1, cytoplasmic ^²
tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase ^²

External Ids
HGNC: 12729¹
Entrez Gene: 7453²
UniProtKB: P23381³
Ensembl: ENSG00000140105⁷

Search outside databases for aliases for WARS gene

Previous GC identifers: GC14M098311 GC14M094615 GC14M098790

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

EntrezGene summary for WARS:

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the aminoacylation of tRNA by their cognate amino acid. Because

of their central role in linking amino acids with nucleotide triplets contained in tRNAs,

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are thought to be among the first proteins that appeared in evolution.

Two forms of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase exist, a cytoplasmic form, named WARS, and a

mitochondrial form, named WARS2. Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WARS) catalyzes the aminoacylation

of tRNA(trp) with tryptophan and is induced by interferon. Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase belongs to

the class I tRNA synthetase family. Four transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have

been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq]

Gene Wiki entry for WARS

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
About This Section

Genomic View:

UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Transcription factor binding sites upstream to the WARS gene

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 14q32.31 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 14q32.2 HGNC cytogenetic band: 14q32.2

WARS Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 14 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC14M099869: (about GC identifiers)

Start:	99,869,878 bp from pter
End:	99,912,433 bp from pter
Size:	42,556 bases
Orientation:	minus strand

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000014.7 NT_026437.11

(According to ¹UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to ²Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYWC_HUMAN, P23381 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic

Size: 471 amino acids; 53165 Da

Subunit: Homodimer

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm

PDB structures from and Proteopedia :

1O5T (3D)

1R6T (3D)

1R6U (3D)

1ULH (3D)

2AKE (3D)

2AZX (3D)

2DR2 (3D)

2QUH (3D)

2QUI (3D)

2QUJ (3D)

2QUK (3D)

Secondary accessions: P78535 Q9UDL3

Post-translational modifications:

View phosphorylation sites using PhosphoSite²

REFSEQ proteins (4 alternative transcripts):

NP_004175.2 NP_776049.1 NP_998810.1 NP_998811.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000339485 ENSP00000351481 ENSP00000347495 ENSP00000376620 ENSP00000376618

Human Recombinant Proteins

	Browse Drug Discovery Central at Invitrogen for human recombinant proteins
	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at Millipore
	Browse Human Recombinant Proteins at Sigma-Aldrich
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	Recombinant Proteins from Abcam (Tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase)
	Human Recombinant Proteins from Abnova (WARS)

OriGene Purified Recombinant Human Proteins (see all 2): WARS

2 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005625	soluble fraction	TAS	1761529
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	TAS	16130169

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Antibodies for WARS:

	Browse Antibodies Central at Invitrogen
	Browse Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
	Sigma-Aldrich Antibodies for WARS
	Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
	Antibodies from Abcam (Tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase), each with their Abpromise^SM
	Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies from Abnova (WARS)
	Novus Biologicals Antibodies for WARS

Assays for WARS:

	Browse Invitrogen for biochemical assays
	Browse Kits and Assays available from Millipore
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P23381

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P23381

2 Blocks protein families:

IPB000738 WHEP-TRS domain

IPB002305 Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYWC_HUMAN, P23381

Similarity: Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family

Similarity: Contains 1 WHEP-TRS domain

(According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (WARS)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (WARS)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vectors (see all 4): NM_004184

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for WARS

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for WARS

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for WARS

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Clones:		Invitrogen Clones for WARS
		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore

OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 4): NM_004184
Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 4): NM_004184
untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 4): NM_004184

Primers:

Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers

OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_004184

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYWC_HUMAN, P23381

Catalytic activity: ATP + L-tryptophan + tRNA(Trp) = AMP + diphosphate + L-tryptophyl-tRNA(Trp)

Induction: By interferon gamma

Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 6.1.1.2

4 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000166	nucleotide binding	IEA	--
GO:0004830	tryptophan-tRNA ligase activity	IEA	--
GO:0005524	ATP binding	IEA	--
GO:0016874	ligase activity	IEA	--

About this table

(Pathways according to Invitrogen (maps by GeneGo), Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, and/or ³STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

2 Sigma-Aldrich "Your Favorite Gene" Pathways for WARS (Your Favorite Gene powered by Ingenuity)

Tryptophan Metabolism
Aminoacyl-tRNA Biosynthesis

GeneDecks WARS for the pathways selected above

About GeneDecksing

Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for WARS

5/23 Interacting proteins for WARS (ENSP00000347495³) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING (see all 23 )

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
WARS2	ENSP00000235521³	STRING (score=.976)
IDO1	ENSP00000253513³	STRING (score=.968)
GABARAP	ENSP00000306866³	STRING (score=.951)
TDO2	ENSP00000281525³	STRING (score=.937)
PRKAG2	ENSP00000287878³	STRING (score=.903)

About this table

2 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0006436	tryptophanyl-tRNA aminoacylation	TAS	1761529
GO:0008285	negative regulation of cell proliferation	TAS	1761529

About this table

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
About This Section

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Small Molecules at Sigma-Aldrich

Browse Tocris compounds for WARS
9 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for WARS gene

Compound	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
trna(trp)	89.54	19	11834741 (6), 7743129 (1), 11600701 (1), 8646895 (1) (see all 5)
aminoacyl-trna	86.41	2	8643392 (1), 12438642 (1)
indoleamine	77.73	8	1398953 (2), 7665918 (1), 9731757 (1), 15961579 (1) (see all 7)
trna	72.73	34	17726052 (3), 7743129 (2), 16798914 (2), 14660560 (1) (see all 14)
anticodon	69.88	2	15130561 (1), 17386262 (1)
kynurenine	56.95	1	15961579 (1)
tryptamine	45.59	4	10376788 (1), 17114825 (1)
atp	34.44	19	12473451 (7), 7729548 (1), 7743129 (1), 16888724 (1) (see all 5)
phosphatidylinositol	0.00	2	12644569 (1), 17661345 (1)

About this table

(GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 219 Homo sapiens; Jun 2 2009) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
ESTs according to GeneTide,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, and/or Abnova,
siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (WARS)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (WARS)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vectors (see all 4): NM_004184

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for WARS

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for WARS

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs:

NM_004184 NM_173701 NM_213645 NM_213646

REFSEQ mRNAs for WARS gene (4 alternative transcripts):

NM_004184.3 NM_173701.1 NM_213645.1 NM_213646.1

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays:

NM_004184 NM_173701 NM_213645 NM_213646

               OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 4): NM_004184
                                 Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 4): NM_004184
                                 untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 4): NM_004184

Additional cDNA sequence:

AK025487.1 AK056100.1 AK124668.1 AK130698.1 AK291141.1 AK300255.1 BC017489.1 BC095453.1

BX248006.1 CR590717.1 CR592442.1 CR592745.1 CR593130.1 CR593984.1 CR594500.1 CR595301.1

CR596121.1 CR598767.1 CR599251.1 CR601972.1 CR602143.1 CR603505.1 CR604373.1 CR604691.1

CR608018.1 CR608934.1 CR611480.1 CR612095.1 CR616378.1 CR620683.1 CR623856.1 CR623966.1

CR626567.1 CR626779.1 CR626840.1 M61715.1 M77804.1 X59892.1 X62570.1

24/82 DOTS entries (see all 82 ):

DT.97856550 DT.97782840 DT.454214 DT.102838655 DT.95281872 DT.95304824 DT.100708270 DT.100708291

DT.100708249 DT.100708253 DT.100708272 DT.92461503 DT.100645536 DT.450366 DT.100708294 DT.100801587

DT.100708265 DT.120758993 DT.95184645 DT.100000216 DT.100708251 DT.120758969 DT.100850845 DT.95304968

24/1051 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 1051 ):

CF142057 CR626779 BQ028342 CA443826 NM_213646 AA380991 BX325916 AI808960

AA513432 AI720224 BM800906 CR593130 AW407600 CR604373 AI359636 CN483262

BU167521 BM313841 CR623856 AU138720 BU687015 BG231757 AA431136 BM782536

highest scoring ESTs for WARS:

AA380997 AK056100 AU099089 AU121240 AU127171 AU131990 AW408616 AW957672 BE018707 BE727734

Unigene Cluster for WARS:

Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase

Hs.497599 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_004184

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/20 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for WARS (see all 20 )

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	·	1c	^	2a	·	2b	·	2c	·	2d	·	2e	·	2f	^	3a	·	3b	·	3c	·	3d	^	4	^	5a	·	5b	^	6	^	7a	·	7b	·	7c	^	8	^	9	^	10a	·	10b	·	10c	·	10d	^
SP1:																											-						-
SP2:																											-		-		-		-
SP3:							-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
SP4:																											-		-		-		-																		-
SP5:							-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-				-

ExUns:	11a	·	11b	^	12a	·	12b	·	12c	^	13	^	14	^	15a	·	15b	^	16	^	17a	·	17b
SP1:					-
SP2:					-
SP3:					-
SP4:	-				-
SP5:

About this scheme

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for WARS

5 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations:

ENST00000344102 ENST00000358655 ENST00000355338 ENST00000392882 ENST00000392880

(Experimental results according to ¹GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
probe sets-to-genes annotations according to ²GeneAnnot , ³GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 219 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems )
About This Section

WARS expression in normal and diseased human tissues

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for WARS

¹ / ² / ³

5 probe-sets matching WARS gene

Affymetrix probe-set	Array	# genes	Sensitivity	Specificity	Correlation	Length	Gb_Accession	Consensus	Uniqueness	Score	Rank
Affymetrix probe-set	Array	GeneAnnot data			GeneNote data		GeneTide data
38121_at²^{, 3}	U95-A	1	0.75	1.00	1.00	1.00	X59892	0.80	1.00	0.91	1
200629_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	NM_004184	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
200628_s_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	2	1.00	0.95	--	--	M61715	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
200629_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
200628_s_at²	U133Plus2	2	1.00	0.95	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

About this table

Data from

(Publications) and GNF BioGPS
About these images
About these images

CGAP SAGE TAG: TGCAGGCCTG

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.497599
Expression variation in blood from EXPOLDB for WARS

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD and/or ⁵MGI Jun 06 2009, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
About This Section

Orthologs for WARS gene from 5/26 species (see all 26 )

Organism	Gene	Locus	Description	Human Similarity	NCBI accessions
dog (Canis familiaris)	WARS¹	--	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase	89.95(n) 93.63(a)	480435 XM_537554.2 XP_537554.1
chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)	WARS¹	--	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase	99.58(n) 100(a)	453161 XM_001158980.1 XP_001158980.1
cow (Bos taurus)	WARS¹	--	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase	88.01(n) 93.19(a)	281576 NM_174218.1 NP_776643.1
rat (Rattus norvegicus)	Wars¹	--	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase	86.2(n) 88.96(a)	314442 NM_001013170.2 NP_001013188.2
mouse (Mus musculus)	Wars^{1, 5}	12⁵	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase^{1, 5}	87.05(n)¹ 90.02(a)¹	22375¹ NM_011710.2¹ NP_035840.2¹ AI528863⁵ AI851163⁵ (see all 70)

About this table Species with no ortholog for WARS

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for WARS

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene
and ²Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to ³Pseudogene.org)
About This Section

(According to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

10/344 NCBI SNPs in WARS are shown (see all 344 )
(Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay) (see all 119)

AB	SNP ID	Valid	Chr 14 pos	Sequence	Recs	AA Chg	Type	More	Recs	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
AB	Genomic Data				Transcription Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--				--
	rs3742384^1,2	A,C,F,H	99869856(+)	`ACCTCC/TCAGAC`	4	--	ng5¹		5		EA EU WA	1902
	rs1803791^1,2	C,F,H	99873234(-)	`GTTTGG/TGGGCA`	4	G/V	mis¹		5		MN EU EA WA	602
--	rs2234521^1,2	C,H	99897951(-)	`CTGCCG/TCGGGG`	4	A/S	mis¹ ese³		4		EU EA WA	406
--	rs11160581^1,2	A,C	99869537(+)	`CCCGAC/GCTGGC`	4	--	ng5¹		0	--	--	--	--
	rs11541753^1,2	C	99878612(-)	`CTATCC/TTAAAC`	4	P/L	mis¹ ese³		1		NA	76
--	rs3742383^1,2	F	99869742(+)	`GCACAA/CCACCA`	4	--	ng5¹		1		EA	1502
--	rs3809407^1,2	C	99870363(-)	`CAGCAA/GTTTTG`	4	--	ut3¹		0	--	--	--	--
--	rs2234522^1,2	H	99897950(-)	`TGCCGC/TGGGGG`	4	A/V	mis¹ ese³		4		EU EA WA	402
	rs9453^1,2	C,F,H	99878598(-)	`CCCTGT/CTGCAC`	4	L/L	syn¹ ese³		12		MN EA EU WA NA	2692
	rs2234529^1,2	C,F,H	99873176(-)	`GACGAC/TGACAA`	4	D/D	syn¹ ese³		5		EU EA WA NA	498

About this table

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for WARS (up to first 250kb)

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, Novoseek, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

OMIM: 191050

4 Novoseek disease relationships for WARS gene

Disease	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
necrosis	1	15075355 (1)
inflammation	2	15627054 (1)
tumors	2	15075355 (1), 10197441 (1)
autoimmune diseases	2	9785582 (1), 1795698 (1)

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Genetic Association Database: WARS
Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator: WARS (2 documents)

(Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
About This Section

ECNP: Mirtazapine More Effective Than Sertraline On Veterans' Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Novoseek, ²HGNC, ³Entrez Gene, ⁴UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁵UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁶GAD, and/or ⁷PharmGKB)
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10/121 PubMed articles for WARS gene (see all 121 ):

Human interferon gamma potently induces the synthesis of a 55-kDa protein (gamma 2) highly homologous to rabbit peptide chain release factor and bovine tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. (PubMed id 1763065)^{1, 2, 3, 4} Fleckner J....Justesen J. (1991)
Molecular cloning and characterization of an interferon induced human cDNA with sequence homology to a mammalian peptide chain release factor. (PubMed id 1537332)^{2, 3, 4} Buwitt U.... Boettger E.C. (1992)
The human gene encoding tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase: interferon- response elements and exon-intron organization. (PubMed id 7685728)^{1, 3, 4} Frolova L.Y.... Kisselev L.L. (1993)
Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the structural gene encoding for human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. (PubMed id 1765274)^{1, 3, 4} Frolova L.Y....Kisselev L.L. (1991)
Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase gene polymorphisms and risk of incident myocardial infarction. (PubMed id 15939065)^{1, 3, 6} Zee R.Y....Ridker P.M. (2005)
Interferon induces tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase expression in human fibroblasts. (PubMed id 1761529)^{1, 3, 4} Rubin B.Y.... Tate W.P. (1991)
Crystal structures that suggest late development of genetic code components for differentiating aromatic side chains. (PubMed id 14671330)^{1, 3, 4} Yang X.-L....Ribas de Pouplana L. (2003)
Crystal structure of human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase catalytic fragment: insights into substrate recognition, tRNA binding, and angiogenesis activity. (PubMed id 14660560)^{1, 3, 4} Yu Y....Ding J. (2004)
Global phosphoproteome of HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. (PubMed id 16083285)^{3, 4} Kim J.-E.... White F.M. (2005)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{3, 4} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 7453	HGNC: 12729	AceView: WARS	Ensembl:ENSG00000140105	euGenes: HUgn7453
ECgene: WARS	H-InvDB: WARS

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Licensable Technologies for WARS
(Available from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts)

About This Section

(Reagents available from Applied Biosystems, Antibodies and assays by Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Novus Biologicals,
Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Millipore, Abnova, and/or Invitrogen, Clones available from OriGene,and/or Invitrogen, Drugs and/or compounds by Sigma-Aldrich,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Tocris Bioscience)
About This Section

Products for WARS:

TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays

TaqMan ® Genotyping Assays

Free SNP selection tool

Invitrogen iPath Pathways	Invitrogen BLOCK-iT™ RNAi
Invitrogen Antibodies	Invitrogen Assays
Invitrogen Clones	Invitrogen Q-PCR Products
Invitrogen Human Recombinant Kinases	Invitrogen Custom Antibody and Peptide Service
Invitrogen Proteins / Assays / Screening Services	Search Invitrogen catalog for WARS-related products

	Millipore Custom Antibody & Bulk Services
	Millipore Preclinical / Clinical Development Services
	Millipore Immunoassay Services
	Millipore Target Screening & Profiling Services

	Predesigned and custom siRNAs for WARS		Antibodies for WARS
	Explore super-pooled esiRNAs		Browse proteins at Sigma-Aldrich
	Lentivirus-delivered shRNAs for WARS		Browse small molecules at Sigma-Aldrich
	"Your Favorite Gene" Pathways		feedback

	Antibodies		Primer Pairs
	Cell Culture Products		ELISAs
	Flow Cytometry Kits		Protease Activity Assays & Reagents
	Cell Selection/Detection Kits & Reagents		ELISA/Assay Development Kits & Reagents
	Multiplex/Array Assay Kits & Reagents		ELISpot Kits & Development Modules
	Recombinant & Natural Proteins

	Recombinant Proteins (WARS)
	Antibodies (WARS)
	Chimera RNAi (WARS)
	Custom Service for Mouse Mab
	Custom Service for Rabbit Pab from Full-length Protein

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	Recombinant Proteins (Tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase)
	Antibodies (Tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase)

	Tagged/untagged cDNA clones
	Validated SYBR primer pairs
	Purified proteins from HEK293T cells
	Western blot validated antibodies
	shRNA in GFP-retroviral vector

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Antibodies for WARS

GeneCards Homepage - Last full update: 2 Jul 2009 Incremental update: 13 Oct 2009

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Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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WARS Gene at Home site.
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WARS Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 65

Aliases &
Descriptions
for WARS

Summaries
for WARS

Genomic Location
for WARS

Proteins
for WARS

Protein Domains/
Families
for WARS

Gene Function
for WARS

Pathways & Interactions
for WARS

Drugs & Compounds
for WARS

Transcripts
for WARS

Expression
for WARS

Orthologs
for WARS

Paralogs
for WARS

SNPs/Variants
for WARS

Disorders & Mutations
for WARS

Medical News
for WARS

Publications
for WARS

Search for WARS

Genome Databases showing WARS

Other Databases showing WARS

Specialized Databases showing WARS

Licensable Technologies
for WARS

Services
for WARS

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

WARS Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 65

Aliases & Descriptionsfor WARS

Summariesfor WARS

Genomic Locationfor WARS

Proteinsfor WARS

Protein Domains/Familiesfor WARS

Gene Functionfor WARS

Pathways & Interactionsfor WARS

Drugs & Compoundsfor WARS

Transcriptsfor WARS

Expression for WARS

Orthologsfor WARS

Paralogsfor WARS

SNPs/Variantsfor WARS

Disorders & Mutationsfor WARS

Medical Newsfor WARS

Publicationsfor WARS

Search for WARS

Genome Databases showing WARS

Other Databases showing WARS

Specialized Databases showing WARS

Licensable Technologiesfor WARS

Servicesfor WARS

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Aliases &
Descriptions
for WARS

Summaries
for WARS

Genomic Location
for WARS

Proteins
for WARS

Protein Domains/
Families
for WARS

Gene Function
for WARS

Pathways & Interactions
for WARS

Drugs & Compounds
for WARS

Transcripts
for WARS

Expression
for WARS

Orthologs
for WARS

Paralogs
for WARS

SNPs/Variants
for WARS

Disorders & Mutations
for WARS

Medical News
for WARS

Publications
for WARS

Licensable Technologies
for WARS

Services
for WARS