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VSNL1 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 61
GCID: GC02P017720

Visinin-Like 1

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disease database

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, ¹⁰fRNAdb, ¹²H-InvDB, ¹³NCBI, ¹⁴NONCODE, and/or ¹⁵RNAdb)
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Aliases
Visinin-Like 1¹ ²		HPCAL3²
Hippocalcin-Like Protein 3¹ ² ³		HUVISL1²
HLP3² ³		VILIP-1²
VILIP² ³		Visinin-Like Protein 1²
VLP-1² ³		VISL1³

External Ids:	HGNC: 12722¹	Entrez Gene: 7447²	Ensembl: ENSG00000163032⁷	OMIM: 600817⁵	UniProtKB: P62760³

Export aliases for VSNL1 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC02P017607 GC02P017706 GC02P017643 GC02P017496

(According to Entrez Gene, GeneCards, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
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Entrez Gene summary for VSNL1 Gene:

This gene is a member of the visinin/recoverin subfamily of neuronal calcium sensor proteins. The encoded protein

is strongly expressed in granule cells of the cerebellum where it associates with membranes in a

calcium-dependent manner and modulates intracellular signaling pathways of the central nervous system by directly

or indirectly regulating the activity of adenylyl cyclase. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been

observed, but their full-length nature has not been determined. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

GeneCards Summary for VSNL1 Gene:

VSNL1 (visinin-like 1) is a protein-coding gene. GO annotations related to this gene include calcium ion binding. An important paralog of this gene is HPCA.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: VISL1_HUMAN, P62760

Function: Regulates (in vitro) the inhibition of rhodopsin phosphorylation in a calcium-dependent manner (By

similarity)

Gene Wiki entry for VSNL1 Gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 75), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
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RefSeq DNA sequence at NCBI GenBank:

NC_000002.11 NC_018913.2 NT_022184.16

Regulatory elements:

Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the VSNL1 gene promoter:
AML1a HSF1 (long) NF-AT NF-AT4 NF-AT2 HSF2 HSF1short NF-AT3 NF-AT1
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: VSNL1 promoter sequence

Search Chromatin IP Primers for VSNL1

Epigenetics:

DNA Methylation CpG Assay Predesigned for Pyrosequencing in human, mouse, rat VSNL1

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 2p24.3 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 2p24.2 HGNC cytogenetic band: 2p24.3

VSNL1 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
VSNL1 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 2 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC02P017720: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	17,720,393 bp from pter	End:	17,838,285 bp from pter
Size:	117,893 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, ²neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, Cloud-Clone Corp., eBioscience, and/or antibodies-online,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, Cloud-Clone Corp., eBioscience, and/or antibodies-online, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, Cloud-Clone Corp, antibodies-online, and/or others.)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: VISL1_HUMAN, P62760 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Visinin-like protein 1

Size: 191 amino acids; 22142 Da

Miscellaneous: Probably binds three calcium ions

Secondary accessions: D6W515 P28677 P29103 P42323 Q9UM20

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for VSNL1: NX_P62760

Explore proteomics data for VSNL1 at MOPED

Post-translational modifications:

Modification sites at neXtProt

Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus

See VSNL1 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED, PaxDB, and MaxQB

REFSEQ proteins: NP_003376.2

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000384014 ENSP00000405511 ENSP00000295156 ENSP00000390124 ENSP00000384719

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	antibodies-online proteins for VSNL1 (31 products)
	antibodies-online peptides for VSNL1

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(According to HGNC, IUPHAR, InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
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HGNC Gene Families:

EFHAND: EF-hand domain containing

4 InterPro protein domains:

IPR001125 Recoverin_like

IPR011992 EF-hand-dom_pair

IPR002048 EF_hand_dom

IPR018247 EF_Hand_1_Ca_BS

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P62760

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P62760

1 Blocks protein domain: IPB001125 Recoverin family signature

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: VISL1_HUMAN, P62760

Similarity: Belongs to the recoverin family

Similarity: Contains 4 EF-hand domains

Find genes that share domains with VSNL1 About GenesLikeMe

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, genOway,
transcription factor targeting from QIAGEN and/or HOMER, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, SwitchGear Genomics, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs and/or Addgene, Cell Lines from GenScript, ESI BIO, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Flow cytometry from eBioscience, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene.)
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Molecular Function:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: VISL1_HUMAN, P62760

Function: Regulates (in vitro) the inhibition of rhodopsin phosphorylation in a calcium-dependent manner (By

visinin-like peptide 1,homolog to Rat RNVP1

Gene Ontology (GO): 1 molecular function term: About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005509	calcium ion binding	IEA	--

Find genes that share ontologies with VSNL1 About GenesLikeMe

Animal Models:

genOway: Develop your customized and physiologically relevant rodent model for VSNL1

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In Situ Assay
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(According to UniProtKB, COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization database, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene.)
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Subcellular locations from COMPARTMENTS:

Compartment	Confidence
cytosol	3
peroxisome	2

About this image

(SuperPaths according to PathCards, Pathways according to R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Sino Biological, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to QIAGEN, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene).
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Pathway & Disease-focused RT² Profiler PCR Array including VSNL1:

Polycomb & Trithorax Target Genes in human mouse rat

Interactions:

GeneGlobe Interaction Network for VSNL1

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 8)

Selected Interacting proteins for VSNL1 (P62760^{2, 3} ENSP00000295156⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 8)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
ATXN1	P54253²^,³, ENSP00000244769⁴	MINT-2864086 I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000244769
GFI1B	Q5VTD9²^,³, ENSP00000344782⁴	MINT-2864105 I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000344782
DTX2	Q86UW9²^,³, ENSP00000322885⁴	MINT-66129 I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000322885
ACTB	P60709³, ENSP00000349960⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000349960
CHRNA4	P43681³, ENSP00000359285⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000359285

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(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, ApexBio, HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, Ligands according to IUPHAR, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB)
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Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

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Browse Tocris compounds for VSNL1 (VISL1)

1 HMDB Compound for VSNL1 About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
Calcium	Ca (see all 2)	7440-70-2	--

1 Novoseek inferred chemical compound relationship for VSNL1 gene About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
calcium	44.1	20	10531361 (5), 9109541 (3), 12200122 (2), 8593671 (2) (see all 9)

Find genes that share compounds with VSNL1 About GenesLikeMe

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 236 Homo sapiens; Apr 25 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN, SwitchGear Genomics,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, and/or Addgene, Primers from OriGene, and/or QIAGEN, Flow cytometry from eBioscience )
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REFSEQ mRNAs for VSNL1 gene:

NM_003385.4

Unigene Cluster for VSNL1:

Visinin-like 1

Hs.444212 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_003385

6 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000404666 ENST00000457525 ENST00000295156(uc002rcm.3) ENST00000451533

ENST00000483921 ENST00000406397

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		hsa-miR-217 hsa-miR-3910 hsa-miR-607 hsa-let-7d hsa-miR-202 hsa-let-7c hsa-miR-4298 hsa-let-7g

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Additional mRNA sequence:

AB001104.1 AF039555.1 AK308816.1 BC022012.2 U14747.1

11 DOTS entries:

DT.75111377 DT.100816403 DT.100816400 DT.100816402 DT.121003084 DT.95073477 DT.95217781 DT.100816397

DT.95257430 DT.95217815 DT.400300

Selected AceView cDNA sequences (see all 187):

BM727371 CR603967 AL157597 CR621143 BF591289 BX952397 BX440992 CR606471

BP347015 AI278768 CR610766 F03489 T16743 T33497 CR590184 AI318387

CB117549 F02525 BX508612 F02633 F06242 BX952064 F02034 BM695471

GeneLoc Exon Structure

3 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for VSNL1 About this scheme

ExUns:	1	^	2a	·	2b	^	3	^	4a	·	4b	·	4c	^	5
SP1:
SP2:			-		-
SP3:

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for VSNL1

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE ¹MOPED, ²PaxDb, and ³MaxQB, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from QIAGEN, Primers from OriGene, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
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VSNL1 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS <intensity>^2/3
CGAP TAG: TGAAAAGTAA

About this image

VSNL1 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells About this table

Data from LifeMap, the Embryonic Development and Stem Cells Database
selected tissues (see all 7) fully expand


Brain (Nervous System) fully expand to see all 15 entries
Thalamus

Inner Cell Mass (Early Embryonic Tissues) fully expand to see all 5 entries
hIPS1

Skeletal Muscle (Muscoskeletal System) fully expand to see all 4 entries
Muscle Progenitor Cells Mandibular Arch Muscles

Kidney (Urinary System) fully expand to see all 3 entries
Ureteric Bud Tip Cells Ureteric Bud
Ureteric Bud

Lung (Respiratory System)
Basal Cells Trachea

VSNL1 Protein expression data from MOPED¹, PaxDb² and MaxQB³:

About this image

VSNL1 Protein Expression

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.444212

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: VISL1_HUMAN, P62760

Tissue specificity: Brain and retina. Neuron-specific in the central and peripheral nervous system. Increased in

the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer disease patients (at protein level)

Pathway & Disease-focused RT² Profiler PCR Array including VSNL1:

Polycomb & Trithorax Target Genes in human mouse rat

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In Situ
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(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
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This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

Orthologs for VSNL1 gene from Selected species (see all 15) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
mouse (Mus musculus)	Mammalia	Vsnl1^{1 , 5}	visinin-like 1^{1, 5}	91.8(n)¹ 100(a)¹		12 (5.58 cM)⁵ 26950¹ NM_012038.4¹ NP_036168.1¹ 11325247⁵
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	VSNL1¹	visinin-like 1	89.18(n) 100(a)		396189 NM_205255.1 NP_990586.1
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	VSNL1⁶	visinin-like 1	84(a)	1 ↔ 1	1(143127052-143286260)
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	Amphibia	CD303254.1²	--	84.46(n)		CD303254.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	CK395750.1²	--	83.7(n)		CK395750.1
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	Nca³	negative regulation of phosphorylation calcium more	71(a) (best of 2)		3 76D8 --

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for VSNL1 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for VSNL1 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
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Paralogs for VSNL1 gene

HPCA² KCNIP3² KCNIP4² KCNIP1² GUCA1A² RCVRN² HPCAL1² GUCA1B²

NCALD² KCNIP2² HPCAL4² NCS1² GUCA1C²

Selected SIMAP similar genes for VSNL1 using alignment to 5 protein entries: VISL1_HUMAN (see all proteins) (see all similar genes):

HPCAL4 NCALD DKFZp781K1922 HPCAL1 HPCA NCS1

RCVRN GUCA1A_C250T KCNIP1 KCNIP4 KCNIP3 KCNIP2

GUCA1B GUCA1A_T320C DKFZp686E1183 GUCA1A EFCAB1 GUCA1C

Find genes that share paralogs with VSNL1 About GenesLikeMe

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, ⁴UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD), the Human Cytochrome P450 Allele Nomenclature Database, and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays, and Copy Number PCR Arrays from QIAGEN)
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SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 2 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs78993662^1,2	C,F	--	17719841(+)	`ACATTT/ATTTCC`	1	--	us2k¹		1		WA	118
rs143964513^1,2		--	17719923(+)	`TAGGTA/GTATCT`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs189789693^1,2		--	17719997(+)	`TTCTCC/GAGAGA`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs181293144^1,2		--	17720043(+)	`GAAATA/CGACCA`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs13006172^1,2	C,F	--	17720203(+)	`CCAGAG/ACGAAG`	1	--	us2k¹		3		NA WA	240
rs79501633^1,2	C,F	--	17720270(+)	`GCGCCG/CTGGTC`	1	--	us2k¹		1		NA	120
rs62130441^1,2	C,F	--	17720430(+)	`AGTTCC/ATGGGT`	1	--	us2k¹		2		NA	122
rs7593881^1,2	C,F,A,H	--	17720520(+)	`GACTTG/CTCTGG`	1	--	us2k¹ ese³		6		NS EA NA	538
rs76260917^1,2	C,F	--	17720675(+)	`GGTAGG/ATCAAC`	1	--	us2k¹		1		WA	118
rs185075995^1,2		--	17720722(+)	`ACGCTC/GTGCAA`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for VSNL1 (17720393 - 17838285 bp)

Structural Variations
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) 1 variation for VSNL1: About this table

Variant ID	Type	Subtype	PubMed ID
esv2719748	CNV	Deletion	23290073

Site Specific Mutation Identification with PCR Assays

SeqTarget long-range PCR primers for resequencing VSNL1

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for VSNL1

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
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OMIM gene information: 600817 OMIM disorders: --

Find genes that share disorders with VSNL1 About GenesLikeMe

1 Novoseek inferred disease relationship for VSNL1 gene About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
alzheimers disease	37.4	2	11173883 (1), 19264852 (1)

Genetic Association Database (GAD): VSNL1
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: VSNL1 (1 document)

Export disorders for VSNL1 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
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PubMed articles for VSNL1 gene, integrated from 10 sources (see all 53):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with VSNL1)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Sequence characterization and genetic mapping of the human VSNL1 gene, a homologue of the rat visinin-like peptide RNVP1. (PubMed id 8530085)^{1, 2, 3, 9} Polymeropoulos M.H.... Lennon G.G. (Genomics 1995)
Isolation of two human cDNAs, HLP3 and HLP4, homologous to the neuron-specific calcium-binding protein genes. (PubMed id 10520747)^{1, 2, 9} Kobayashi M.... Takamatsu K. (DNA Seq. 1998)
Genome-wide association study of Alzheimer's disease with psychotic symptoms. (PubMed id 22005930)^{1, 4} Hollingworth P....Williams J. (Mol. Psychiatry 2012)
MicroRNAs and target site screening reveals a pre-microRNA-30e variant associated with schizophrenia. (PubMed id 20347265)^{1, 4} Xu Y....Liu P. (Schizophr. Res. 2010)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S.... Malek J. (Genome Res. 2004)
Electron microscopic localization of gamma- and beta II-subspecies of protein kinase C in rat hippocampus. (PubMed id 2202488)^{1, 3} Kose A....Tanaka C. (Brain Res. 1990)
Involvement of visinin-like protein-1 (VSNL-1) in regulating proliferative and invasive properties of neuroblastoma. (PubMed id 17615261)^{1, 9} Xie Y....Ren Y. (Carcinogenesis 2007)
The neuronal calcium-sensor protein VILIP modulates cyclic AMP accumulation in stably transfected C6 glioma cells: amino-terminal myristoylation determines functional activity. (PubMed id 9109541)^{1, 9} Braunewell K.H....Gundelfinger E.D. (J. Neurochem. 1997)
The neuronal EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding protein VILIP: interaction with cell membrane and actin-based cytoskeleton. (PubMed id 8780737)^{1, 9} Lenz S.E....Gundelfinger E.D. (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1996)
Visinin-like protein 1 regulates natriuretic peptide receptor B in the heart. (PubMed id 20079378)^{1, 9} Buttgereit J....Bader M. (Regul. Pept. 2010)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 7447	HGNC: 12722	AceView: VSNL1	Ensembl:ENSG00000163032	euGenes: HUgn7447
ECgene: VSNL1	H-InvDB: VSNL1

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL, and/or others, e.g. Wikipedia and GeneReviews, via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for VSNL1	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

Intellectual Property for VSNL1 gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for VSNL1 gene:
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(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Cloud-Clone Corp., Thermo Fisher Scientific, eBioscience, antibodies-online, and/or others, Gene Editing from DNA2.0. Clones from OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Addgene, Cell lines from GenScript, and ESI BIO, Flow cytometery from eBioscience, PCR Arrays from QIAGEN, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or ApexBio, In Situ Hybridization Assays from
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