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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

VIL1 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 60
GCID: GC02P219285

villin 1

(Previous symbol: VIL)

Explore 17 diseases affiliated with
VIL1 via

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(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Villin 1¹ ²
VIL¹ ² ³
D2S1471¹ ²
Villin-1¹

External Ids:	HGNC: 12690¹	Entrez Gene: 7429²	Ensembl: ENSG00000127831⁷	OMIM: 193040⁵	UniProtKB: P09327³

Export aliases for VIL1 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC02P217304 GC02P218009 GC02P219247 GC02P219491 GC02P219113 GC02P218992 GC02P211136

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for VIL1:

This gene encodes a member of a family of calcium-regulated actin-binding proteins. This protein represents a dominant

part of the brush border cytoskeleton which functions in the capping, severing, and bundling of actin filaments. Two

mRNAs of 2.7 kb and 3.5 kb have been observed; they result from utilization of alternate poly-adenylation signals

present in the terminal exon. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: VILI_HUMAN, P09327

Function: Epithelial cell-specific Ca(2+)-regulated actin-modifying protein that modulates the reorganization of

microvillar actin filaments. Plays a role in the actin nucleation, actin filament bundle assembly, actin filament

capping and severing. Binds phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA); binds LPA

with higher affinity than PIP2. Binding to LPA increases its phosphorylation by SRC and inhibits all actin-modifying

activities. Binding to PIP2 inhibits actin-capping and -severing activities but enhances actin-bundling activity.

Regulates the intestinal epithelial cell morphology, cell invasion, cell migration and apoptosis. Protects against

apoptosis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in the gastrointestinal epithelium. Appears to regulate cell death

by maintaining mitochondrial integrity. Enhances hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced epithelial cell motility,

chemotaxis and wound repair. Upon S.flexneri cell infection, its actin-severing activity enhances actin-based motility

of the bacteria and plays a role during the dissemination

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000002.11 NC_018913.1 NT_005403.17

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the VIL1 gene promoter:
E2F-4 E2F-3a E2F-5 GATA-3 AP-4 E2F-2 CUTL1 Evi-1 E2F E2F-1
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: VIL1 promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for VIL1

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat VIL1

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 2q35 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 2q35 HGNC cytogenetic band: 2q35

VIL1 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
VIL1 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 2 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC02P219285: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	219,283,815 bp from pter	End:	219,318,018 bp from pter
Size:	34,204 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: VILI_HUMAN, P09327 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Villin-1

Size: 827 amino acids; 92695 Da

Subunit: Monomer. Homodimer; homodimerization is necessary for actin-bundling. Associates with F-actin; phosphorylation

at tyrosines residues decreases the association with F-actin. Interacts (phosphorylated at C-terminus tyrosine

phosphorylation sites) with PLCG1 (via the SH2 domains). Interacts (phosphorylated form) with PLCG1; the interaction

is enhanced by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (By similarity)

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Cell projection, lamellipodium. Cell projection, ruffle. Cell

projection, microvillus. Cell projection, filopodium tip (By similarity). Cell projection, filopodium (By similarity).

Note=Relocalized in the tip of cellular protrusions and filipodial extensions upon infection with S.flexneri in

primary intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and in the tail-like structures forming the actin comets of S.flexneri.

Redistributed to the leading edge of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced lamellipodia (By similarity). Rapidly

redistributed to ruffles and lamellipodia structures in response to autotaxin, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and

epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment

2 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for VIL1:

1UNC (3D)

3FG7 (3D)

Secondary accessions: B2R9A7

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for VIL1: NX_P09327

Post-translational modifications:

Tyrosine phosphorylation is induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and stimulates cell migration (By similarity).

Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues by SRC. The unphosphorylated form increases the initial rate of actin-nucleating

activity, whereas the tyrosine-phosphorlyated form inhibits actin-nucleating activity, enhances actin-bundling

activity and enhances actin-severing activity by reducing high Ca(2+) requirements. The tyrosine-phosphorlyated form

does not regulate actin-capping activity. Tyrosine phosphorylation is essential for cell migration: tyrosine

phosphorylation sites in the N-terminus half regulate actin reorganization and cell morphology, whereas tyrosine

phosphorylation sites in the C-terminus half regulate cell migration via interaction with PLCG1¹

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P09327

VIL1 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins: NP_009058.2

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000248444 ENSP00000412657 ENSP00000375962 ENSP00000409270 ENSP00000394030

Human Recombinant Protein Products:

	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	Browse OriGene full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate: VIL1 OriGene Custom Protein Services for VIL1
	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for VIL1
	Novus Biologicals VIL1 Proteins Novus Biologicals VIL1 Lysates
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
	Uscn Proteins for VIL1

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/8 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 8): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0001726	ruffle	IDA	17229814
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	IEA	--
GO:0005902	microvillus	IDA	17182858
GO:0030027	lamellipodium	IDA	17229814
GO:0030175	filopodium	IDA	15342783

VIL1 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

VIL1 Antibody Products:

	EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of VIL1
	Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
	Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for VIL1 (villin)
	OriGene Antibodies (see all 2): VIL1 OriGene Custom Antibody Services for VIL1
	GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for VIL1
	Novus Biologicals VIL1 Antibodies
	Abcam antibodies for VIL1
	Uscn Antibodies for VIL1
	ThermoFisher Antibody for VIL1

Assay Products for VIL1:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for VIL1
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for VIL1

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

VIL1 for domains About GeneDecksing

4 InterPro domains/families:

IPR015627 Villin

IPR007122 Gelsolin

IPR003128 Villin_headpiece

IPR007123 Gelsolin_dom

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P09327

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P09327

3 Blocks protein families:

IPB003128 Villin headpiece

IPB007122 Gelsolin family signature

IPB007123 Gelsolin region

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: VILI_HUMAN, P09327

Domain: Consists of a large core fragment in the N-terminal portion and a small headpiece (HP) in the C-terminal

portion. The core fragment is necessary for both actin-nucleating and -severing activities, whereas the HP binds

F-actin strongly in both the presence and absence of calcium and is necessary in actin-bundling activity. The

Gelsolin-like 1 repeat is necessary for the actin-capping activity. The entire core fragment is necessary for the

actin-severing activity. Two major calcium-sensitive sites are involved in conformational changes and determine

separate functional properties: the first site (Glu-25, Asp-44 and Glu-74) regulates the actin-capping and

actin-severing activities; while the second site (Asp-61, Asp-86 and Ala-93) regulates only the actin-severing

activity

Similarity: Belongs to the villin/gelsolin family

Similarity: Contains 6 gelsolin-like repeats

Similarity: Contains 1 HP (headpiece) domain

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary: