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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

VAX2 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 51
GCID: GC02P071127

ventral anterior homeobox 2

 Explore 6 diseases affiliated with
VAX2 via our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for VAX2
    

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Ventral Anterior Homeobox 21 2
DRES931 2

External Ids:    HGNC: 126611   Entrez Gene: 258062   Ensembl: ENSG000001160357   OMIM: 6042955   UniProtKB: Q9UIW03   

Export aliases for VAX2 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC02P071137 GC02P071338 GC02P071085 GC02P071102 GC02P071039 GC02P070981 GC02P070864


(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for VAX2:
This gene encodes a homeobox protein and is almost exclusively expressed in the ventral portion of the retina during
development. In mouse studies, this gene was found to be required for the correct formation of the optic fissure and
other aspects of retinal development. (provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: VAX2_HUMAN, Q9UIW0
Function: Transcription factor that may function in dorsoventral specification of the forebrain. Regulates the
expression of Wnt signaling antagonists including the expression of a truncated TCF7L2 isoform that cannot bind CTNNB1
and acts therefore as a potent dominant-negative Wnt antagonist. Plays a crucial role in eye development and, in
particular, in the specification of the ventral optic vesicle (By similarity). May be a regulator of axial
polarization in the retina




(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000002.11  NC_018913.1  NT_022184.15  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the VAX2 gene promoter:
         GATA-3   Sp1   RREB-1   HNF-4alpha2   POU6F1 (c2)   HNF-4alpha1   RORalpha1   PPAR-alpha   NF-Y   CBF(2)   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmidVAX2 promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for VAX2

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat VAX2


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 2p13   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  2p13.3   HGNC cytogenetic band: 2p13.3

VAX2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
VAX2 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 2         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC02P071127:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
71,127,720 bp from pter      End:
71,160,576 bp from pter
Size:
32,857 bases      Orientation:
plus strand

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: VAX2_HUMAN, Q9UIW0 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Ventral anterior homeobox 2  
Size: 290 amino acids; 30874 Da
Subcellular location: Nucleus (Probable)
Developmental stage: Expressed in the ventral part of the optic vesicles at 7 week dpc
Secondary accessions: Q53Y33

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for VAX2: NX_Q9UIW0

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q9UIW0

  • VAX2 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins: NP_036608.1  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000234392  

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    Novus Biologicals VAX2 Lysates
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    Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
    Uscn Proteins for VAX2

    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005634nucleus IEA--
    GO:0005737cytoplasm IEA--


    VAX2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    VAX2 for domains           About GeneDecksing

    5 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR000047 HTH_motif
     IPR017970 Homeobox_CS
     IPR020479 Homeobox_metazoa
     IPR001356 Homeodomain
     IPR009057 Homeodomain-like

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q9UIW0

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q9UIW0

    1 Blocks protein family: IPB000047 Lambda and other repressor helix-turn-helix signature

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: VAX2_HUMAN, Q9UIW0
    Similarity: Belongs to the EMX homeobox family
    Similarity: Contains 1 homeobox DNA-binding domain


    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: VAX2_HUMAN, Q9UIW0
    Function: Transcription factor that may function in dorsoventral specification of the forebrain. Regulates the
    expression of Wnt signaling antagonists including the expression of a truncated TCF7L2 isoform that cannot bind CTNNB1
    and acts therefore as a potent dominant-negative Wnt antagonist. Plays a crucial role in eye development and, in
    particular, in the specification of the ventral optic vesicle (By similarity). May be a regulator of axial
    polarization in the retina

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for VAX2:
    ventral anterior homeobox 2,specifically expressed in the developing vertebral eye,controlling the patterning of the
    eye dorsoventral axis

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    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat VAX2
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    hsa-miR-623 hsa-miR-4303 hsa-miR-578 hsa-miR-597 hsa-miR-3921 hsa-miR-211 hsa-miR-1248 hsa-miR-146a*
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    Gene Ontology (GO): 3 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0000976transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding IEA--
    GO:0003700sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity IEA--
    GO:0031490chromatin DNA binding IEA--


    VAX2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for VAX2:
     Decreased homologous recombina 

    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-outs for VAX2: Vax2tm1Grl Vax2tm1Sba
         8 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles(MGI details for Vax2):
     behavior/neurological  cellular  craniofacial  digestive/alimentary  growth/size 
     mortality/aging  nervous system  vision/eye 

    VAX2 for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section



    Interactions:

        Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for VAX2

    5 Interacting proteins for VAX2 (Q9UIW03) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    GMEB2Q9UKD13I2D: score=1 
    GTF2A1P526553I2D: score=1 
    PAX6P263673I2D: score=1 
    RFXANKO145933I2D: score=1 
    SIX6O954753I2D: score=1 
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/12 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 12):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0000122negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter IEA--
    GO:0006351transcription, DNA-dependent IEA--
    GO:0006355regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent ----
    GO:0007398ectoderm development TAS10485894
    GO:0007409axonogenesis IEA--


    VAX2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section
    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for VAX2
    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about VAX2 

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section

    REFSEQ mRNAs for VAX2 gene: 
    NM_012476.2  

    Unigene Cluster for VAX2:

    Ventral anterior homeobox 2
    Hs.249170  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: Y17791
    1 Ensembl transcript including schematic representation, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000234392(uc002shh.3)

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    hsa-miR-623 hsa-miR-4303 hsa-miR-578 hsa-miR-597 hsa-miR-3921 hsa-miR-211 hsa-miR-1248 hsa-miR-146a*
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      QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat VAX2
      QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat VAX2

    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AB593145.1 BC006336.2 BT007035.1 Y17791.1 

    1 DOTS entry:

    DT.75152909 

    13 AceView cDNA sequences:

    NM_012476 BM710832 Y17791 BG601065 BC006336 BQ637322 H92142 BF037978 
    BF685044 BT007035 H92143 BF684283 BQ957193 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    2 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for VAX2    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1 ^ 2a · 2b ^ 3 ^ 4a · 4b
    SP1:                                    
    SP2:                    -               


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for VAX2

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    VAX2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: GGCGATGGGG

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)

    About this image
    See VAX2 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for VAX2

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.249170
        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Array including VAX2: 
              Homeobox (HOX) Genes in human mouse rat

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    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section

    This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

    Orthologs for VAX2 gene from 4/11 species (see all 11)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification
    Gene Description Human
    Similarity
    Orthology
    Type
    Details
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)
    Reptilia VAX26
    --
    64(a)
    1 ↔ 1
    AAWZ02036934(4216-19659)
    African clawed frog
    (Xenopus laevis)
    Amphibia AF113517.12   -- 74.81(n)    AF113517.1 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)
    Actinopterygii vax22 ventral anterior homeobox 2 74.21(n)   373869  AY183363.1 
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)
    Secernentea ceh-56
    Homeobox protein ceh-5
    40(a)
    1 → many
    I(9727195-9728012)


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for VAX2 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for VAX2 (if available) 

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for VAX2 gene
    EN12  VAX12  EN22  
    2 SIMAP similar genes for VAX2 using alignment to 2 protein entries:     VAX2_HUMAN (see all proteins):
    VAX1    POU6F1

    VAX2 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/652 NCBI SNPs in VAX2 are shown (see all 652    About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance
    Chr 2 posSequence#AA
    Chg
    TypeMore#Allele
    freq
    PopTotal
    sample
    More
    ----------
    rs775391621,2
    C,F,--70862236(+) GGGGAG/ACTTGG 1 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- A:0.07NA 120
    rs18610761,2
    C,F,H,--70863290(+) CCGCAC/AGCCTC 1 -- us2k17Minor allele frequency- A:0.03NS NA 1162
    rs1139930501,2
    C,--70863512(+) CCTCAG/CACCTG 1 -- us2k12Minor allele frequency- C:0.04WA 120
    rs22344911,2
    C,F,H,--70863720(+) CCTCCG/AGTCTG 1 -- us2k18Minor allele frequency- A:0.02NS WA CSA 1000
    rs37322431,2
    C,F,--70864206(-) GGGAGC/AGCCGC 1 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- A:0.11EA 120
    rs22344941,2
    C,--70864234(+) TCCGCC/GGTAGA 1 -- ut51 ese30--------
    rs22344951,2
    C,F,--70864304(+) CGCGCC/AGGGCG 2 /R syn1 ese36Minor allele frequency- A:0.19EA NA NS WA 1858
    rs22344971,2
    C,F,H,--70864601(+) AATTCA/GTATAT 1 -- int15Minor allele frequency- G:0.03NS NA 792
    rs101999051,2
    C,F,--70865006(+) ACCCGC/GACGGA 1 -- int11Minor allele frequency- G:0.07WA 118
    rs621432261,2
    C,--70865024(+) GGGGAG/CACGGC 1 -- int13Minor allele frequency- C:0.09NA EA 242

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for VAX2 (71127720 - 71160576 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
          Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for VAX2: --

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    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    VAX2 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 604295    OMIM disorders: --

    6 diseases for VAX2:    About MalaCards
    coloboma    retinitis    microphthalmia    corpus callosum agenesis
    corpus callosum    orofacial cleft

    2 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for VAX2:
    Coloboma     Cleft lip
    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: VAX2 (4 documents)

    Export disorders for VAX2 gene to outside databases

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for VAX2 gene integrated from 9 sources:
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with VAX2)
        Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. A homeobox gene, vax2, controls the patterning of the eye dorsoventral axis. (PubMed id 10485894)1, 2, 3, 9 Barbieri A.M.... Banfi S. (1999)
    2. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    3. VAX1 mutation associated with microphthalmia, corpus callosum agenesis, and orofacial clefting: The first description of a VAX1 phenotype in humans. (PubMed id 22095910)2 Slavotinek A.M.... Schorderet D.F. (2012)
    4. Full-length transcriptome analysis of human retina-derived cell lines ARPE-19 and Y79 using the vector-capping method. (PubMed id 21697133)1 Oshikawa M.... Kato S. (2011)
    5. Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of t hiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipr il and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study. (PubMed id 20628086)1 Bailey S.D....Anand S. (2010)
    6. Gene-centric association signals for lipids and apoli poproteins identified via the HumanCVD BeadChip. (PubMed id 19913121)1 Talmud P.J.... . (2009)
    7. Classification and nomenclature of all human homeobox genes. (PubMed id 17963489)1 Holland P.W.H.... Bruford E.A. (2007)
    8. Analysis of candidate genes on chromosome 2 in oral cleft case-parent trios from three populations. (PubMed id 16953426)1 Beaty T.H....Scott A.F. (2006)
    9. Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. (PubMed id 12477932)1 Strausberg R.L....Marra M.A. (2002)
    10. The level of BMP4 signaling is critical for the regulation of distinct T-box gene expression domains and growth along the dorso-ventral axis of the optic cup. (PubMed id 17173667)9 Behesti H....Sowden J.C. (2006)

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
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      Query String
    PubMed
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    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 25806 HGNC: 12661 AceView: VAX2 Ensembl:ENSG00000116035 euGenes: HUgn25806
    ECgene: VAX2 H-InvDB: VAX2

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
      --

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for VAX2 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    Patent Information for VAX2 gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving VAX2

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



    (Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript and LifeMap BioReagents, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences),
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