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ULK2 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 62
GCID: GC17M019674

Unc-51 Like Autophagy Activating Kinase 2

(Previous names: unc-51 (C. elegans)-like kinase 2, unc-51-like kinase 2...)
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Aliases
for ULK2 gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, 10fRNAdb, 12H-InvDB, 13NCBI, 14NONCODE, and/or 15RNAdb)
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Aliases
Unc-51 Like Autophagy Activating Kinase 21 2     Unc51.22
EC 2.7.11.13 8     Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase ULK22
KIAA06233 5     Unc-51-Like Kinase 23
Unc-51 (C. Elegans)-Like Kinase 21     UNC51.25
Unc-51-Like Kinase 2 (C. Elegans)1     EC 2.7.118
ATG1B2     

External Ids:    HGNC: 134801   Entrez Gene: 97062   Ensembl: ENSG000000832907   OMIM: 6086505   UniProtKB: Q8IYT83   

Export aliases for ULK2 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC17M019848 GC17M021314 GC17M019578 GC17M019836 GC17M019839 GC17M019614 GC17M019053


Summaries
for ULK2 gene

(According to Entrez Gene, GeneCards, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
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Entrez Gene summary for ULK2 Gene:
This gene encodes a protein that is similar to a serine/threonine kinase in C. elegans which is involved in axonal
elongation. The structure of this protein is similar to the C. elegans protein in that both proteins have an
N-terminal kinase domain, a central proline/serine rich (PS) domain, and a C-terminal (C) domain. The gene is
located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. Alternatively spliced transcript variants
encoding the same protein have been identified. (provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008)

GeneCards Summary for ULK2 Gene:
ULK2 (unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 2) is a protein-coding gene. GO annotations related to this gene include protein serine/threonine kinase activity. An important paralog of this gene is PDIK1L.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ULK2_HUMAN, Q8IYT8
Function: Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in autophagy in response to starvation. Acts upstream of
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase PIK3C3 to regulate the formation of autophagophores, the precursors of
autophagosomes. Part of regulatory feedback loops in autophagy: acts both as a downstream effector and a negative
regulator of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) via interaction with RPTOR. Activated via
phosphorylation by AMPK, also acts as a negative regulator of AMPK through phosphorylation of the AMPK subunits
PRKAA1, PRKAB2 and PRKAG1. May phosphorylate ATG13/KIAA0652, FRS2, FRS3 and RPTOR; however such data need
additional evidences. Not involved in ammonia-induced autophagy or in autophagic response of cerebellar granule
neurons (CGN) to low potassium concentration. Plays a role early in neuronal differentiation and is required for
granule cell axon formation: may govern axon formation via Ras-like GTPase signaling and through regulation of
the Rab5-mediated endocytic pathways within developing axons




Genomic Views
for ULK2 gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 75), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
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RefSeq DNA sequence at NCBI GenBank:
NC_000017.10  NT_010718.17  NC_018928.2  
Regulatory elements:
   Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the ULK2 gene promoter:
         ER-alpha   Elk-1   AP-2alpha isoform 2   NF-AT   NF-AT4   NF-AT2   NF-AT3   AP-2alpha isoform 4   AP-2alpha   NF-AT1   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: ULK2 promoter sequence
   Search Chromatin IP Primers for ULK2

Epigenetics:
DNA Methylation CpG Assay Predesigned for Pyrosequencing in human, mouse, rat ULK2


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 17p11.2   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  17p11.2   HGNC cytogenetic band: 17p11.2

ULK2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
ULK2 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 17         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC17M019674:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 19,674,142 bp from pter      End:
 19,771,249 bp from pter
Size:
 97,108 bases      Orientation:
 minus strand

Proteins
for ULK2 gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, 2neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, Cloud-Clone Corp., eBioscience, and/or antibodies-online,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, Cloud-Clone Corp., eBioscience, and/or antibodies-online, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, Cloud-Clone Corp, antibodies-online, and/or others.)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ULK2_HUMAN, Q8IYT8 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2  
Size: 1036 amino acids; 112694 Da
Subunit: Interacts with SYNGAP1 (By similarity). Component of a complex consisting of ATG13/KIAA0652, ULK1 and
RB1CC1/FIP200. Interacts (via C-terminus) with ATG13/KIAA0652. Associates with the mammalian target of rapamycin
complex 1 (mTORC1) through an interaction with RPTOR
Sequence caution: Sequence=BAA31598.2; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally shortened;
Secondary accessions: A8MY69 O75119

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for ULK2: NX_Q8IYT8

Explore proteomics data for ULK2 at MOPED

Post-translational modifications: 

  • Autophosphorylated. In response to nutrient limitation, probably phosphorylated and activated by AMPK, leading to
    activate autophagy1
  • Modification sites at neXtProt
  • Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus
    • Selected DME Specific Peptides for ULK2 (Q8IYT8) (see all 5)
     HRDLKPQN  KIADFGFAR  KEIKILKEL  YDAKADLWS 


    See ULK2 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED, PaxDB, and MaxQB

    REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_001136082.1  NP_055498.3  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000354877   ENSP00000378914   ENSP00000464892   ENSP00000465666   ENSP00000467277  

    ULK2 Human Recombinant Protein Products:

    Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
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    Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
    Browse OriGene full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells
    OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate for ULK2
    OriGene Custom MassSpec
    OriGene Custom Protein Services for ULK2
    GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for ULK2
    Novus Biologicals ULK2 Protein
    Novus Biologicals ULK2 Lysates
    Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
    Browse Sino Biological Cell Lysates
    Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
    Cloud-Clone Corp. Proteins for ULK2

         		 Search eBioscience for Proteins for ULK2 

         		antibodies-online proteins for ULK2 (2 products) 

         		antibodies-online peptides for ULK2

    ULK2 Antibody Products:

    Browse EMD Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
    Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
    OriGene Antibodies for ULK2
    OriGene Custom Antibody Services for ULK2
    Novus Biologicals ULK2 Antibodies
    Abcam antibodies for ULK2
    Cloud-Clone Corp. Antibodies for ULK2
    ThermoFisher Antibody for ULK2
    antibodies-online antibodies for ULK2 (57 products) 

    ULK2 Assay Products:

    Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
    OriGene Custom Assay Services for ULK2
    Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
    GenScript Custom Assay Services for ULK2
    Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
    Cloud-Clone Corp. ELISAs for ULK2
    Cloud-Clone Corp. CLIAs for ULK2
    Search eBioscience for ELISAs for ULK2 
    antibodies-online kits for ULK2 (4 products) 

    Domains /
    Families
    for ULK2 gene

    (According to HGNC, IUPHAR, InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    TryGeneCards Plus    		 IUPHAR Guide to PHARMACOLOGY protein family classification: unc-51-like kinase 2 (C. elegans)
    Unc-51-like kinase (ULK) family

    Selected InterPro protein domains (see all 7):
     IPR017441 Protein_kinase_ATP_BS
     IPR002290 Ser/Thr_dual-sp_kinase_dom
     IPR011009 Kinase-like_dom
     IPR016237 Ser/Thr_kin_STPK_Ulk-1/2
     IPR008271 Ser/Thr_kinase_AS

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q8IYT8

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q8IYT8

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ULK2_HUMAN, Q8IYT8
    Domain: The CTD-like region mediates membrane-binding and incorporation into large protein complexes
    Similarity: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. APG1/unc-51/ULK1 subfamily
    Similarity: Contains 1 protein kinase domain


    Find genes that share domains with ULK2           About GenesLikeMe


    Function
    for ULK2 gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, genOway,
    transcription factor targeting from QIAGEN and/or HOMER, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, SwitchGear Genomics, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs and/or Addgene, Cell Lines from GenScript, ESI BIO, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Flow cytometry from eBioscience, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene.)
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    Molecular Function:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: ULK2_HUMAN, Q8IYT8
    Function: Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in autophagy in response to starvation. Acts upstream of
    phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase PIK3C3 to regulate the formation of autophagophores, the precursors of
    autophagosomes. Part of regulatory feedback loops in autophagy: acts both as a downstream effector and a negative
    regulator of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) via interaction with RPTOR. Activated via
    phosphorylation by AMPK, also acts as a negative regulator of AMPK through phosphorylation of the AMPK subunits
    PRKAA1, PRKAB2 and PRKAG1. May phosphorylate ATG13/KIAA0652, FRS2, FRS3 and RPTOR; however such data need
    additional evidences. Not involved in ammonia-induced autophagy or in autophagic response of cerebellar granule
    neurons (CGN) to low potassium concentration. Plays a role early in neuronal differentiation and is required for
    granule cell axon formation: may govern axon formation via Ras-like GTPase signaling and through regulation of
    the Rab5-mediated endocytic pathways within developing axons
    Catalytic activity: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein

         Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB): EC 2.7.11.11 2 EC 2.7.112

         Gene Ontology (GO): Selected molecular function terms (see all 8):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0003824catalytic activity ----
    GO:0004672protein kinase activity ----
    GO:0004674protein serine/threonine kinase activity IDA18936157
    GO:0004713protein tyrosine kinase activity ----
    GO:0005515protein binding IPI18936157
         
    Find genes that share ontologies with ULK2           About GenesLikeMe


    Phenotypes:
         7 GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for ULK2:
     Decreased NANOG protein expres  Decreased OCT4 protein express  Decreased POU5F1-GFP protein e  Decreased substrate adherent c 
     Decreased viability of wild-ty  G0/1 arrest  Increased G1 DNA content 

         4 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 4 alleles) (MGI details for Ulk2):
     behavior/neurological  homeostasis/metabolism  mortality/aging  normal 

    Find genes that share phenotypes with ULK2           About GenesLikeMe

    Animal Models:
         MGI mouse knock-outs for ULK2: Ulk2tm1Lex Ulk2tm1.1Thsn

       genOway: Develop your customized and physiologically relevant rodent model for ULK2

    miRNA
    Products:            		miRTarBase miRNAs that target ULK2:
    hsa-mir-335-5p (MIRT016824)

    Block miRNA regulation of human, mouse, rat ULK2 using miScript Target Protectors
    Selected qRT-PCR Assays for microRNAs that regulate ULK2 (see all 149):
    hsa-miR-361-5p hsa-miR-3653 hsa-miR-376a* hsa-miR-3116 hsa-miR-200b hsa-miR-130b hsa-miR-4273 hsa-miR-130a*
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: ULK2 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:            		OriGene RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for ULK2
    Predesigned siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat ULK2

    Gene Editing
    Products:    		DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for ULK2

    Clone
    Products:             		 OriGene clones in human, mouse for ULK2 (see all 14)
    OriGene ORF clones in mouse, rat for ULK2
    OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): ULK2 (NM_014683)
    Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for ULK2
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat ULK2
    Addgene plasmids for ULK2 

    Cell Line
    Products:             		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for ULK2
    Browse ESI BIO Cell Lines and PureStem Progenitors for ULK2 
    In Situ Assay
    Products:       
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for ULK2


    Localization
    for ULK2 gene

    (According to UniProtKB, COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization database, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene.)
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    Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    ULK2_HUMAN, Q8IYT8: Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Note=Localizes to
    pre-autophagosomal membrane
    Subcellular locations from COMPARTMENTS: 

    CompartmentConfidence
    cytosol3
    nucleus2
    vacuole2
    lysosome1

    Gene Ontology (GO): 3 cellular component terms:    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0016020membrane ----
    GO:0030659cytoplasmic vesicle membrane IEA--
    GO:0034045pre-autophagosomal structure membrane IDA18936157

    Find genes that share ontologies with ULK2           About GenesLikeMe


    Pathways & Interactions
    for ULK2 gene

    (SuperPaths according to PathCards, Pathways according to R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Sino Biological, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to QIAGEN, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene).
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    SuperPaths for ULK2 About    
    See pathways by source

    		      Powered
    by    		     
    SuperPathContained pathways About
    1Translation Insulin regulation of translation
    		mTOR signaling pathway0.34
    2Insulin receptor signalling cascade
    		TOR signaling0.32
    3Regulation of autophagy
    		Regulation of autophagy


    Find genes that share SuperPaths with ULK2           About GenesLikeMe

    Pathways by source                                   See SuperPaths
    Show all pathways


    1 BioSystems Pathway for ULK2
        TOR signaling


    2 Kegg Pathways  (Kegg details for ULK2):
        Regulation of autophagy
    mTOR signaling pathway

        Pathway & Disease-focused RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays including ULK2: 
              mTOR Signaling in human mouse rat
              Autophagy in human mouse rat

    Interactions:

        Search GeneGlobe Interaction Network for ULK2

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

    Selected Interacting proteins for ULK2 (Q8IYT82, 3 ENSP000003548774) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 417)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    HIST1H4AP628053I2D: score=1 
    HIST1H4BP628053I2D: score=1 
    HIST1H4CP628053I2D: score=1 
    HIST1H4DP628053I2D: score=1 
    HIST1H4EP628053I2D: score=1 
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): Selected biological process terms (see all 10):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0006468protein phosphorylation ----
    GO:0006914autophagy IEA--
    GO:0007165signal transduction IEA--
    GO:0007409axonogenesis ----
    GO:0009103lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic process ----

    Find genes that share ontologies with ULK2           About GenesLikeMe



    Drugs & Compounds
    for ULK2 gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, ApexBio, HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, Ligands according to IUPHAR, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB)
    About This Section

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    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
       Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences
      Browse compounds at ApexBio 

    Browse Tocris compounds for ULK2

    2 HMDB Compounds for ULK2    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #PubMed Ids
    ADPadenosindiphosphorsaeure (see all 8)58-64-0--
    Adenosine triphosphate5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) Adenosine (see all 24)56-65-5--



    Transcripts
    for ULK2 gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 236 Homo sapiens; Apr 25 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN, SwitchGear Genomics,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, and/or Addgene, Primers from OriGene, and/or QIAGEN, Flow cytometry from eBioscience )
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    REFSEQ mRNAs for ULK2 gene (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_001142610.1  NM_014683.3  

    Unigene Cluster for ULK2:

    Unc-51-like kinase 2 (C. elegans)
    Hs.168762  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_014683
    11 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000570983 ENST00000361658(uc002gwm.4) ENST00000395544(uc002gwn.3)
    ENST00000571454 ENST00000575432 ENST00000571137 ENST00000580130 ENST00000574854
    ENST00000571177 ENST00000574732 ENST00000580118
    miRNA
    Products:             		 Block miRNA regulation of human, mouse, rat ULK2 using miScript Target Protectors
    Selected qRT-PCR Assays for microRNAs that regulate ULK2 (see all 149):
    hsa-miR-361-5p hsa-miR-3653 hsa-miR-376a* hsa-miR-3116 hsa-miR-200b hsa-miR-130b hsa-miR-4273 hsa-miR-130a*
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: ULK2 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:             		OriGene RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for ULK2
    Predesigned siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat ULK2
    Clone
    Products:             		 OriGene clones in human, mouse for ULK2 (see all 14)
    OriGene ORF clones in mouse, rat for ULK2
    OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): ULK2 (NM_014683)
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for ULK2
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat ULK2
    Addgene plasmids for ULK2 
    Primer
    Products:            		OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for ULK2
    OriGene qSTAR qPCR primer pairs in human, mouse for ULK2
    Pre-validated RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat ULK2
      QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat ULK2
      QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat ULK2

    Additional mRNA sequence: 

    AB014523.1 AK098316.1 AK314345.1 AL080134.1 BC034988.1 BC039310.1 

    12 DOTS entries:

    DT.442064  DT.95254360  DT.95300638  DT.100820269  DT.409255  DT.95162245  DT.100820265  DT.100820264 
    DT.100820267  DT.121009378  DT.92009029  DT.102825975 

    Selected AceView cDNA sequences (see all 176):

    W01096 CB851547 AA418868 AA504115 CD251854 Z45674 BM556218 D57833 
    AA743663 BM717560 AA765145 AL045472 AA331534 CR591285 AL044752 CR613562 
    F05878 T16293 BX440574 AA858045 CB321831 AI968166 BV198267 BV166915 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    Selected Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for ULK2 (see all 11)    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5 ^ 6 ^ 7 ^ 8 ^ 9 ^ 10a · 10b · 10c ^ 11a · 11b ^ 12 ^ 13a · 13b · 13c ^ 14a · 14b ^ 15a · 15b · 15c ^ 16a · 16b · 16c ^
    SP1:                                                                                                                                                            
    SP2:                                                                          -                                                                                 
    SP3:                                                                          -                                               -                                 
    SP4:                                                                                                              -           -                                 
    SP5:                                                                                                                          -                                 

    ExUns: 17 ^ 18a · 18b ^ 19 ^ 20
    SP1:                              
    SP2:                              
    SP3:                              
    SP4:                              
    SP5:                              


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for ULK2

    Expression
    for ULK2 gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE 1MOPED, 2PaxDb, and 3MaxQB, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from QIAGEN, Primers from OriGene, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

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    ULK2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS <intensity>2/3
    CGAP TAG: --
    ULK2 Expression
    About this image


    ULK2 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells    About this table
    Data from LifeMap, the Embryonic Development and Stem Cells Database
     selected tissues (see all 3) fully expand
     
     Brain (Nervous System)    fully expand to see all 3 entries
             Cerebral Cortex
     
     Neural Tube (Nervous System)    fully expand to see all 2 entries
             Metencephalon
     
     Testis (Reproductive System)
    ULK2 Protein expression data from MOPED1, PaxDb2 and MaxQB3:     About this image

    ULK2 Protein Expression

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.168762
        Pathway & Disease-focused RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays including ULK2: 
              mTOR Signaling in human mouse rat
              Autophagy in human mouse rat

    Primer
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    Orthologs
    for ULK2 gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
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    This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals and fungi.

    Orthologs for ULK2 gene from Selected species (see all 16)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)    		 Mammalia Ulk21 , 5 Unc-51 like kinase 2 (C. elegans)5
    unc-51 like kinase 21    		 90.48(n)1
    93.73(a)1    		   11 (37.96 cM)5
    298691  NM_013881.41  NP_038909.31 
     617756495 
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves ULK21 unc-51-like kinase 2 (C. elegans) 79.34(n)
    86.68(a)    		   417614  XM_004946695.1  XP_004946752.1 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia ULK26
    		 unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 2
    		 66(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 GL344046.1(30105-80192)
    African clawed frog
    (Xenopus laevis)    		 Amphibia Xl.80482 Xenopus laevis transcribed sequence with moderate similarity more 80.83(n)    BG731037.1 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii Dr.162982 Transcribed sequence with weak similarity to protein more 76.96(n)    CK238267.1 
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)    		 Insecta CG88663 protein amino acid phosphorylation
    protein kinase    		 37(a)   85D11   --
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)    		 Secernentea unc-513 serine/threonine protein kinase 46(a)   V(19988350-19996523)   --
    baker's yeast
    (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)    		 Saccharomycetes ATG1(YGL180W)4 Protein ser/thr kinase required for vesicle formation more   --   7(160065-162758) 852695  NP_011335.1 


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for ULK2 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for ULK2 (if available)

    Paralogs
    for ULK2 gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
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    Paralogs for ULK2 gene
    PDIK1L2  ULK12  STK332  ULK32  STK352  
    Selected SIMAP similar genes for ULK2 using alignment to 4 protein entries:     ULK2_HUMAN (see all proteins) (see all similar genes):
    MARK4    UBIAD1    ZNF763    CAMK1G    ULK3    DKFZp564L2416
    KIAA0999    NEK6    PRKAA1    NUAK1    NF2    ULK1
    PRKACB    KIN27    PRKD2    RPS6KA2    SGK2    PNCK

    Find genes that share paralogs with ULK2           About GenesLikeMe



    Genomic Variants
    for ULK2 gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, 4UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD), the Human Cytochrome P450 Allele Nomenclature Database, and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays, and Copy Number PCR Arrays from QIAGEN)
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    Selected SNPs for ULK2 (see all 2003)    About this table                                 

    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 17 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    VAR_0412824
    		A metastatic melanoma sample4--see VAR_0412822 G E mis40--------
    VAR_0412834
    		A metastatic melanoma sample4--see VAR_0412832 A V mis40--------
    rs1384710581,2
    		C--19673726(+) GTGGGA/GGTGCC 2 -- ds50010--------
    rs1441293451,2
    		--19673734(+) GCCAGC/TGTAAA 2 -- ds50010--------
    rs2051131,2
    		C,F,A,H--19673880(-) CTAGCA/G/TTTCAG 2 -- ds500135EA NA MN NS WA CSA 2661
    rs1903018921,2
    		--19673897(+) CAGGCC/TGAGGT 2 -- ds50010--------
    rs563443281,2
    		C--19673940(+) GCCTCAGCAGGGC
    AGCCTC    /-    TAAAG     		2 -- ds50011Minor allele frequency- -:0.00NA 2
    rs2051121,2
    		C,F,A,H--19674057(-) AGGACC/TCTCAA 2 -- ds500121Minor allele frequency- T:0.10EA NA MN NS WA CSA 1034
    rs728419441,2
    		C--19674148(+) TGGGTC/TGATCA 2 -- ut310--------
    rs1173150181,2
    		C,F--19674168(+) GTTTAT/CTAACA 2 -- ut311Minor allele frequency- C:0.03EA 120

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for ULK2 (19674142 - 19771249 bp)

    Structural Variations
         Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) 5 variations for ULK2:    About this table    
    Variant IDTypeSubtypePubMed ID
    esv2649888CNV Deletion19546169
    nsv2002CNV Insertion18451855
    nsv510435CNV Loss20534489
    dgv3101n71CNV Loss21882294
    nsv907868CNV Gain21882294

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    Disorders / Diseases
    for ULK2 gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    TryGeneCards Plus    		 OMIM gene information: 608650    OMIM disorders: --


    Find genes that share disorders with ULK2           About GenesLikeMe

    Genetic Association Database (GAD): ULK2
    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: ULK2 (2 documents)

    Export disorders for ULK2 gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for ULK2 gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
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    PubMed articles for ULK2 gene, integrated from 10 sources (see all 27):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with ULK2)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Mouse ULK2, a novel member of the UNC-51-like protein kinases: unique features of functional domains. (PubMed id 10557072)1, 3, 9 Yan J....Muramatsu M. (Oncogene 1999)
    2. Personalized smoking cessation: interactions between nicotine dose, dependence and quit-success genotype score. (PubMed id 20379614)1, 4 Rose J.E....Uhl G.R. (Mol. Med. 2010)
    3. Kinase-inactivated ULK proteins inhibit autophagy via their conserved C-terminal domains using an Atg13-independent mechanism. (PubMed id 18936157)1, 2 Chan E.Y.W.... Tooze S.A. (Mol. Cell. Biol. 2009)
    4. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S.... Malek J. (Genome Res. 2004)
    5. Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. X. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro. (PubMed id 9734811)1, 2 Ishikawa K.... Ohara O. (DNA Res. 1998)
    6. ATG8 family proteins act as scaffolds for assembly of the ULK complex: sequence requirements for LC3-interacting region (LIR) motifs. (PubMed id 23043107)1 Alemu E.A.... Johansen T. (J. Biol. Chem. 2012)
    7. ULK1 inhibits the kinase activity of mTORC1 and cell proliferation. (PubMed id 21795849)2 Jung C.H.... Kim D.H. (Autophagy 2011)
    8. The requirement of uncoordinated 51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) and ULK2 in the regulation of autophagy. (PubMed id 21460635)2 Lee E.J. and Tournier C. (Autophagy 2011)
    9. Ammonia-induced autophagy is independent of ULK1/ULK2 kinases. (PubMed id 21690395)2 Cheong H.... Thompson C.B. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2011)
    10. Ulk1-mediated phosphorylation of AMPK constitutes a negative regulatory feedback loop. (PubMed id 21460634)2 Loffler A.S.... Stork B. (Autophagy 2011)

    External Searches for ULK2 gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Free Text  
      Query String
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    NCBI Bookshelf
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    Genome Databases showing ULK2 gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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    Entrez Gene: 9706 HGNC: 13480 AceView: ULK2 Ensembl:ENSG00000083290 euGenes: HUgn9706
    ECgene: ULK2 Kegg: 9706 H-InvDB: ULK2

    Other Databases showing ULK2 gene

    (According to HUGE)
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    HUGE: KIAA0623

    Specialized Databases showing ULK2 gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL, and/or others, e.g. Wikipedia and GeneReviews, via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for ULK2 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

    Intellectual Property
    for ULK2 gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section

    TryGeneCards Plus    		Patent Information for ULK2 gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving ULK2

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



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