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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

TXNRD2 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 65
GCID: GC22M019863

thioredoxin reductase 2

Explore 41 diseases affiliated with
TXNRD2 via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Thioredoxin Reductase 2¹ ²		TR-BETA²
TRXR2¹ ² ³ ⁵		Thioredoxin Reductase 2, Mitochondrial²
TR¹ ²		Thioredoxin Reductase 3²
TR3¹ ²		Thioredoxin Reductase Beta²
Selenoprotein Z² ³		KIAA1652³
Thioredoxin Reductase TR3² ³		SelZ³
EC 1.8.1.9³ ⁸		TR-Beta¹
SELZ² ⁵		EC 1.8.1⁸

External Ids:	HGNC: 18155¹	Entrez Gene: 10587²	Ensembl: ENSG00000184470⁷	OMIM: 606448⁵	UniProtKB: Q9NNW7³

Export aliases for TXNRD2 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC22M016803 GC22M018237 GC22M003482

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for TXNRD2:

Thioredoxin reductase (TR) is a dimeric NADPH-dependent FAD containing enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of the

active site disulfide of thioredoxin and other substrates. TR is a member of a family of pyridine nucleotide-disulfide

oxidoreductases and is a key enzyme in the regulation of the intracellular redox environment. Three thioredoxin

reductase genes have been found that encode selenocysteine containing proteins. This gene partially overlaps the COMT

gene on chromosome 22. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TRXR2_HUMAN, Q9NNW7

Function: Maintains thioredoxin in a reduced state. Implicated in the defenses against oxidative stress. May play a

role in redox-regulated cell signaling

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000022.10 NC_018933.1 NT_011519.10

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the TXNRD2 gene promoter:
GR PPAR-alpha PPAR-gamma1 GR-beta GR-alpha PPAR-gamma2
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: TXNRD2 promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for TXNRD2

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat TXNRD2

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 22q11.21 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 22q11.21 HGNC cytogenetic band: 22q11.21

TXNRD2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
TXNRD2 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 22 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC22M019863: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	19,863,040 bp from pter	End:	19,929,359 bp from pter
Size:	66,320 bases	Orientation:	minus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TRXR2_HUMAN, Q9NNW7 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial precursor

Size: 524 amino acids; 56507 Da

Cofactor: FAD (By similarity)

Subunit: Homodimer

Subcellular location: Mitochondrion

Miscellaneous: The active site is a redox-active disulfide bond. The selenocysteine residue is essential for enzymatic

activity (By similarity)

Sequence caution: Sequence=AAD25167.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Sequence=AAG47635.1; Type=Erroneous termination;

Positions=523; Note=Translated as Sec;

1 PDB 3D structure from and Proteopedia for TXNRD2:

1W1E (3D)

Secondary accessions: O95840 Q96IJ2 Q9H2Z5 Q9NZV3 Q9NZV4 Q9P2Y0 Q9P2Y1 Q9UQU8

Alternative splicing: 4 isoforms: Q9NNW7-1 Q9NNW7-2 Q9NNW7-3 Q9NNW7-4

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for TXNRD2: NX_Q9NNW7

Post-translational modifications:

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q9NNW7

4/13 DME Specific Peptides for TXNRD2 (Q9NNW7) (see all 13)

LGPNAGE

YKPLEFTV

TTVFTPLE

KRSGLDPT

TXNRD2 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins: NP_006431.2

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000383362 ENSP00000383365 ENSP00000383369 ENSP00000383363 ENSP00000439314

ENSP00000439570 ENSP00000334451

Human Recombinant Protein Products:

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	Novus Biologicals TXNRD2 Protein
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	Uscn Proteins for TXNRD2

Gene Ontology (GO): 1 cellular component term (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005739	mitochondrion	IDA	--

TXNRD2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

TXNRD2 Antibody Products:

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	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for TXNRD2

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

TXNRD2 for domains About GeneDecksing

5/7 InterPro domains/families (see all 7):

IPR013027 FAD_pyr_nucl-diS_OxRdtase

IPR012999 Pyr_OxRdtase_I_AS

IPR004099 Pyr_nucl-diS_OxRdtase_dimer

IPR006338 Thioredoxin/glutathione_Rdtase

IPR016156 FAD/NAD-linked_Rdtase_dimer

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q9NNW7

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q9NNW7

3 Blocks protein families:

IPB001100 Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase

IPB001327 Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase

IPB013027 FAD-dependent pyridine nucleotide reductase signature

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TRXR2_HUMAN, Q9NNW7

Similarity: Belongs to the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TRXR2_HUMAN, Q9NNW7

Function: Maintains thioredoxin in a reduced state. Implicated in the defenses against oxidative stress. May play a

role in redox-regulated cell signaling

Catalytic activity: Thioredoxin + NADP(+) = thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH

Genatlas biochemistry entry for TXNRD2:

thioredoxin reductase 2,localized in the mitochondria,expressed in prostate,testis,liver

Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB): EC 1.8.1.9¹ ² EC 1.8.1²

miRNA Products:		miRTarBase miRNAs that target TXNRD2: hsa-mir-17 (MIRT005748)

		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: TXNRD2 Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat TXNRD2
		2 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate TXNRD2:
		hsa-miR-3126-3p hsa-miR-452*
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: TXNRD2 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for TXNRD2 (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: TXNRD2 OriGene siRNA: TXNRD2
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Gene Editing
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DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for TXNRD2

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		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: TXNRD2 (NM_006440)
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		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for TXNRD2

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for TXNRD2

Gene Ontology (GO): 5 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0004791	thioredoxin-disulfide reductase activity	ISS	--
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	--
GO:0042803	protein homodimerization activity	--	--
GO:0050660	flavin adenine dinucleotide binding	IEA	--
GO:0050661	NADP binding	IEA	--

TXNRD2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing

Animal Models:
     Mouse knock-out Txnrd2^tm1.1Marc for TXNRD2
     10 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 4 alleles) (MGI details for Txnrd2):

cardiovascular system	cellular	hematopoietic system	homeostasis/metabolism	liver/biliary system
mortality/aging	muscle	nervous system	no phenotypic analysis	normal

TXNRD2 for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/9 super-pathways (see all 9) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Glucose / Energy Metabolism

Glucose / Energy Metabolism

1.00

Mechanisms of CFTR activation by S-nitrosoglutathione (normal and CF)

Mechanisms of CFTR activation by S-nitrosoglutathione (normal and CF)

1.00

Oxidative Stress

Oxidative Stress

1.00

Selenium Metabolism and Selenoproteins

Selenium Metabolism and Selenoproteins

1.00

Selenium Pathway

Selenium Pathway

1.00

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

1 Downloadable PowerPoint Slide of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for TXNRD2

Antioxidant Action of Vitamin-C

1 Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathway for TXNRD2

Glucose / Energy Metabolism

1 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathway for TXNRD2

Mechanisms of CFTR activation by S-nitrosoglutathione (normal and CF)

4 BioSystems Pathways for TXNRD2

	Selenium Metabolism and Selenoproteins
	Selenium Pathway
	Oxidative Stress
	thioredoxin pathway

2 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for TXNRD2):

	Pyrimidine metabolism
	Selenocompound metabolism

TXNRD2 for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for TXNRD2

5/11 Interacting proteins for TXNRD2 (Q9NNW7³) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 11)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
PUF60	Q9UHX1³	I2D: score=3
NCOR1	O75376³	I2D: score=2
ENO1	P06733³	I2D: score=1
GTF2H1	P32780³	I2D: score=1
NCOA2	Q15596³	I2D: score=1

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000305	response to oxygen radical	TAS	10455115
GO:0007507	heart development	IEA	--
GO:0010269	response to selenium ion	--	--
GO:0030097	hemopoiesis	IEA	--
GO:0045454	cell redox homeostasis	IEA	--

TXNRD2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

TXNRD2 for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for TXNRD2

6 HMDB Compounds for TXNRD2 About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
3-Deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulosonic acid	2-KDN (see all 18)	22594-61-2	--
FAD	1H-Purin-6-amine flavin dinucleotide (see all 21)	146-14-5	--
NADP	Adenine-nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (see all 18)	53-59-8	--
NADPH	2'-(dihydrogen phosphate) 5'-(trihydrogen pyrophosphate) Adenosine 5'-ester with 1,4-dihydro-1-b-D-ribofuranosylnicotinamide (see all 23)	53-57-6	--
Selenium	selenium (see all 5)	7782-49-2	--
Selenocysteine	(2R)-2-amino-3-selanylpropanoate (see all 8)	3614-08-2	--

10/48 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for TXNRD2 gene (see all 48) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
prt-h	93.2	11	7528740 (3), 7920008 (1), 10022392 (1), 11356159 (1) (see all 8)
selenocysteine	73.5	15	10455115 (3), 15178321 (2), 11213469 (2), 9177183 (1) (see all 8)
triiodothyronine	73.4	37	10090317 (3), 11152480 (2), 9111334 (1), 8786093 (1) (see all 18)
trypanothione	65	7	16806188 (1), 9174360 (1), 15157186 (1), 1357053 (1) (see all 6)
thyroxine	63.9	3	10090317 (1), 8886752 (1), 12356724 (1)
selenium	56.8	53	9354464 (7), 12449240 (6), 15051902 (3), 11213469 (2) (see all 10)
diaziquone	56.6	5	1567483 (3), 2162313 (2)
selenite	55.1	7	8679612 (3), 9354464 (1), 11294695 (1), 19373605 (1)
cd 437	54.7	2	12704790 (1), 12237293 (1)
sulforaphane	46.4	12	12949356 (4), 19595745 (3), 12663510 (1)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about TXNRD2 / TRXR2

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for TXNRD2 gene (3 alternative transcripts):

NM_006440.3 NM_145747.1 NM_145748.1

Unigene Cluster for TXNRD2:

Thioredoxin reductase 2

Hs.443430 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: AB051439

18/22 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant (see all 22):

ENST00000400518(uc002zqj.1) ENST00000494454 ENST00000474308(uc002zqo.1)

ENST00000462330 ENST00000487165 ENST00000492802 ENST00000400521(uc021wlj.1)

ENST00000400525 ENST00000495655(uc002zqq.1) ENST00000471149 ENST00000400519

ENST00000496545 ENST00000485358 ENST00000462843 ENST00000491939(uc002zqs.2)

ENST00000475995 ENST00000484672 ENST00000471835

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		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat TXNRD2
		2 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate TXNRD2:
		hsa-miR-3126-3p hsa-miR-452*
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: TXNRD2 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
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		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat TXNRD2

Additional cDNA sequence:

AB019694.1 AB051439.1 AB209724.1 AF044212.1 AF106697.1 AF166126.1 AF171054.1 AK094698.1

AK097708.1 BC007489.2 BC032029.1 BC038708.1 BC099923.1 BC117354.1 BX957216.1 CR749428.1

24/34 DOTS entries (see all 34):

DT.100824734 DT.95254820 DT.100833952 DT.100824740 DT.445233 DT.100668744 DT.100835757 DT.100028880

DT.91753802 DT.91851895 DT.95122952 DT.100684804 DT.97798831 DT.120644447 DT.91753807 DT.100824739

DT.100756477 DT.100771260 DT.95356424 DT.100763079 DT.100769858 DT.91753803 DT.100698475 DT.100732867

24/211 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 211):

CR601782 BM976496 AF044212 BM045508 BM715439 H55195 BM673922 AI635402

CB243732 BX355210 BM557892 BX109590 CR594969 AI633759 CR608079 BM981496

H55085 CR602507 AI637700 AI620518 NM_145747 AW003057 BE502380 BI871109

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/8 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for TXNRD2 (see all 8) About this scheme

ExUns:	1	^	2	^	3	^	4	^	5	^	6	^	7	^	8	^	9a	·	9b	^	10a	·	10b	·	10c	·	10d	^	11	^	12	^	13	^	14	^	15	^	16a	·	16b	·	16c
SP1:																					-		-		-		-
SP2:
SP3:																					-		-		-		-		-
SP4:																											-
SP5:

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for TXNRD2

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

TXNRD2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: TCCGAGCCCC

About this image

TXNRD2 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells

Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

1 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartment/Cell

Tissue

Anatomical Compartment

Cell

Category (developmental path)

Liver

Liver Lobule

Liver

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

Stem Cell Differentiation: 4 LifeMap Cells

Name

Category

PureStem™ endothelial progenitor 30-SM2-1 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

Endothelium

PureStem™ endothelial progenitor RP1-MV2-18 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

Endothelium

PureStem™ progenitor EN2 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

PureStem™ progenitor EN27 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

See TXNRD2 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for TXNRD2

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.443430

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TRXR2_HUMAN, Q9NNW7

Tissue specificity: Highly expressed in the prostate, ovary, liver, testis, uterus, colon and small intestine.

Intermediate levels in brain, skeletal muscle, heart and spleen. Low levels in placenta, pancreas, thymus and

peripheral blood leukocytes. According to PubMed:10608886, high levels in kidney, whereas according to PubMed:9923614,

levels are low

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including TXNRD2:

Oxidative Stress in human mouse rat

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway in human mouse rat

Molecular Toxicology PathwayFinder 384HT in human mouse rat

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for TXNRD2 Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
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		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat TXNRD2

In Situ
Assay Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for TXNRD2

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the last universal common ancestor (LUCA).

Orthologs for TXNRD2 gene from 8/25 species (see all 25) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	TXNRD2¹	thioredoxin reductase 2	69.36(n) 74.02(a)		416782 NM_001122691.1 NP_001116163.1
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	Amphibia	txnrd2-prov²	thioredoxin reductase 2	75.13(n)		BC056136.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	txnrd2⁶ si:ch1073-179p4.3⁶	si:ch1073-179p4.3	70(a) 67(a)	1 ↔ many 1 ↔ many	5(17015506-17025366) 5(17015506-17121381)
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	Trxr-2³ Trxr-1¹	antioxidant³ Thioredoxin reductase-1¹	55(a) (best of 2)³ 59.77(n)¹ 56.52(a)¹		79E8³ 31760¹ NM_167149.1¹ NP_727251.1¹
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)	Secernentea	ZK637.10³ trxr-2¹	Glutathione reductase³ Protein TRXR-2¹	48(a) (best of 2)³ 51.95(n)¹ 50(a)¹		III(8985504-8988077)³ 176259¹ NM_066570.3¹ NP_498971.1¹
thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)	eudicotyledons	ATGR1⁶ GR⁶	glutathione reductase	31(a) 27(a)	possible ortholog possible ortholog	3(8729510-8734562) 3(20229744-20233182)
rice (Oryza sativa)	Liliopsida	-- -- (see all 3)	glutathione reductase, putative, expressed (see all 3)	32(a) 31(a) (see all 3)	possible ortholog possible ortholog (see all 3)	2(34831870-34838075) 10(14434475-14437554)
E. coli (Escherichia coli)	Gamma proteobacteria	ykgC⁶	predicted pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreduc...	24(a)	possible ortholog	Chromosome(317900-319225)

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for TXNRD2 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for TXNRD2 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for TXNRD2 gene

TXNRD3² TXNRD1² GSR²

5 SIMAP similar genes for TXNRD2 using alignment to 9 protein entries: TRXR2_HUMAN (see all proteins):

DKFZp781E0833 TXNRD1 TXNRD3 GSR DLD

TXNRD2 for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
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SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 22 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs115829129^1,2	F,	--	19862567(+)	`GGCCAC/AGGTGG`	1	--	ds500¹		1		WA	118
rs13057441^1,2	C,F,H,	--	19862675(+)	`AAAGCC/TGGTGT`	1	--	ds500¹		14		NS EA NA	1592
rs180783525^1,2		--	19863003(+)	`CTGGGC/TGATCC`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs11912778^1,2	C,H,	--	19863004(+)	`TGGGCG/AATCCT`	1	--	ds500¹		4		NA WA EA	360
rs113801290^1,2	C,	--	19863012(+)	`CCTGGG/AGGACC`	1	--	ds500¹		2		WA	120
rs1044732^1,2	C,F,A,H,	--	19863142(-)	`GTGCCA/GGATGA`	1	--	ut3¹ ese³		23		NA EA NS WA	2630
rs59339361^1,2	C,	--	19863157(+)	`GGGGG-/GTGCCC`	1	--	ut3¹		2		NA CSA	4
rs1044725^1,2	C,A	--	19863186(-)	`CACCTC/TTCAGC`	1	--	ut3¹ ese³		1		NA	2
rs201755597^1,2		--	19863214(+)	`GTCCC-/CTGAGCC`	1	--	ut3¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs138933275^1,2		--	19863348(+)	`GGAAGA/GTCAGC`	1	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for TXNRD2 (19863040 - 19929359 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 6 variations for TXNRD2
5 CNVs: 50810 2261 5168 50811 31071
1 Indel: 27022
Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): TXNRD2

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(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

TXNRD2 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 606448    OMIM disorders: --

20/41 diseases for TXNRD2 (see all 41):    About MalaCards

hermansky-pudlak syndrome short stature generalized resistance to thyroid hormone neonatal thyrotoxicosis

thyroid hormone resistance syndrome thyrotoxicosis thyroiditis autoimmune thyroiditis

pituitary tumor follicular thyroid carcinoma goiter thyroid adenoma

dilated cardiomyopathy thyroid carcinoma hypercholesterolemia adenoma

hepatocellular carcinoma thyroid cancer infertility alopecia

4 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for TXNRD2:

Hypothyroidism Goiter Thyrotoxicosis Hyperthyroidism

10/30 Novoseek disease relationships for TXNRD2 gene (see all 30) About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
thyroid hormone resistance	93.7	12	16883531 (3), 10487671 (2), 8196183 (2), 1324420 (1) (see all 8)
goiter	70.1	2	8701076 (1), 8670802 (1)
hypothyroidism	57.3	1	10560954 (1)
pituitary tumors	51.8	2	11701737 (1), 19391168 (1)
short stature	49.1	1	8879995 (1)
thyroid adenoma	45.3	1	17911173 (1)
tachycardia	39.6	3	15191352 (1), 16007230 (1), 12699376 (1)
thyroid cancer	36.7	6	17911173 (2), 19391168 (1), 17169389 (1)
growth retardation	31.4	1	12356724 (1)
somatic mutations	31.2	6	11701737 (4), 19391168 (1)

Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: TXNRD2 (19 documents)

Export disorders for TXNRD2 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
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PubMed articles for TXNRD2 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 294):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with TXNRD2)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Human mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase: cDNA cloning, expression and genomic organization. (PubMed id 10215850)^{1, 2, 3, 9} Miranda-Vizuete A.... Spyrou G. (1999)
Cloning, sequencing and functional expression of a novel human thioredoxin reductase. (PubMed id 9923614)^{1, 2, 3} Gasdaska P.Y.... Powis G. (1999)
Heterogeneity within animal thioredoxin reductases: evidence for alternative first exon splicing. (PubMed id 11060283)^{1, 2, 9} Sun Q.-A....Gladyshev V.N. (2001)
Redox regulation of cell signaling by selenocysteine in mammalian thioredoxin reductases. (PubMed id 10455115)^{1, 2, 9} Sun Q.-A....Gladyshev V.N. (1999)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Physiological functions of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase. (PubMed id 11012661)^{1, 3} Arner E.S. and Holmgren A. (2000)
Novel selenoproteins identified in silico and in vivo by using a conserved RNA structural motif. (PubMed id 10608886)^{1, 2} Lescure A.... Krol A. (1999)
The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. (PubMed id 10591208)^{1, 2} Dunham I....O'Brien K.P. (1999)
Modulation of thioredoxin reductase-2 expression in E Ahy926 cells: implications for endothelial selenoprotein hierarchy. (PubMed id 19595745)^{1, 9} Crane M.S....Beckett G.J. (2009)
[Association of genetic polymorphisms in selenoprotein GPX1 and TXNRD2 with genetic susceptibility of gastric cancer] (PubMed id 19035188)^{1, 9} Wang J....Xiao Y. (2008)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 10587	HGNC: 18155	AceView: TXNRD2	Ensembl:ENSG00000184470	euGenes: HUgn10587
ECgene: TXNRD2	Kegg: 10587	H-InvDB: TXNRD2

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

HUGE: KIAA1652

(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for TXNRD2	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for TXNRD2	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

Intellectual Property for TXNRD2 gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for TXNRD2 gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving TXNRD2

GeneCards and IP:
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thioredoxin reductase 2

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THYROID ADENOMA
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ADENOCARCINOMA LUNG
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TXNRD2 Gene

thioredoxin reductase 2

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