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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

TXNRD1 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 69
GCID: GC12P104609

thioredoxin reductase 1

Explore 34 diseases affiliated with
TXNRD1 via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Thioredoxin Reductase 1¹ ²		Trxr1¹
GRIM-12¹ ² ³		TR1²
TXNR¹ ² ⁵		TRXR1²
Gene Associated With Retinoic And IFN-Induced Mortality 12 Protein² ³		Oxidoreductase¹
Gene Associated With Retinoic And Interferon-Induced Mortality 12 Protein² ³		Thioredoxin Reductase 1, Cytoplasmic²
Thioredoxin Reductase TR1² ³		Thioredoxin Reductase GRIM-12²
TR² ³		GRIM12³
KM-102-Derived Reductase-Like Factor² ³		KDRF³
EC 1.8.1.9³ ⁸		EC 1.8.1⁸

External Ids:	HGNC: 12437¹	Entrez Gene: 7296²	Ensembl: ENSG00000198431⁷	OMIM: 601112⁵	UniProtKB: Q16881³

Export aliases for TXNRD1 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC12P103793 GC12P104561 GC12P104540 GC12P103183 GC12P103204 GC12P103133 GC12P101669

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for TXNRD1:

This gene encodes a member of the family of pyridine nucleotide oxidoreductases. This protein reduces thioredoxins as

well as other substrates, and plays a role in selenium metabolism and protection against oxidative stress. The

functional enzyme is thought to be a homodimer which uses FAD as a cofactor. Each subunit contains a selenocysteine

(Sec) residue which is required for catalytic activity. The selenocysteine is encoded by the UGA codon that normally

signals translation termination. The 3' UTR of selenocysteine-containing genes have a common stem-loop structure, the

sec insertion sequence (SECIS), that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop

signal. Alternative splicing results in several transcript variants encoding the same or different isoforms. (provided

by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TRXR1_HUMAN, Q16881

Function: Isoform 1 may possess glutaredoxin activity as well as thioredoxin reductase activity and induces actin and

tubulin polymerization, leading to formation of cell membrane protrusions. Isoform 4 enhances the transcriptional

activity of estrogen receptors alpha and beta while isoform 5 enhances the transcriptional activity of the beta

receptor only. Isoform 5 also mediates cell death induced by a combination of interferon-beta and retinoic acid

Gene Wiki entry for TXNRD1

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000012.11 NC_018923.1 NT_029419.12

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the TXNRD1 gene promoter:
PPAR-gamma1 PPAR-gamma2 LCR-F1 NF-kappaB1
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 2): TXNRD1 promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for TXNRD1

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat TXNRD1

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 12q23-q24.1 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 12q23.3 HGNC cytogenetic band: 12q23-q24.1

TXNRD1 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
TXNRD1 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 12 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC12P104609: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	104,609,557 bp from pter	End:	104,744,062 bp from pter
Size:	134,506 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TRXR1_HUMAN, Q16881 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic

Size: 649 amino acids; 70906 Da

Cofactor: Binds 1 FAD per subunit

Subunit: Homodimer. Isoform 4 interacts with ESR1 and ESR2. Interacts with HERC5

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm (By similarity)

Subcellular location: Isoform 4: Cytoplasm. Nucleus

Subcellular location: Isoform 5: Cytoplasm

Miscellaneous: The thioredoxin reductase active site is a redox-active disulfide bond. The selenocysteine residue is

also essential for catalytic activity

Sequence caution: Sequence=AAB35418.1; Type=Erroneous termination; Positions=648; Note=Translated as Sec;

Sequence=AAC69621.1; Type=Erroneous termination; Positions=648; Note=Translated as Sec; Sequence=AAF15900.1;

Type=Erroneous termination; Positions=648; Note=Translated as Sec; Sequence=AAV38446.1; Type=Erroneous termination;

Positions=648; Note=Translated as Sec; Sequence=AAZ67916.1; Type=Erroneous termination; Positions=648; Note=Translated

as Sec; Sequence=BAA13674.1; Type=Erroneous termination; Positions=648; Note=Translated as Sec; Sequence=CAA04503.1;

Type=Erroneous termination; Positions=648; Note=Translated as Sec; Sequence=CAA62629.1; Type=Erroneous termination;

Positions=648; Note=Translated as Sec; Sequence=CAG38744.1; Type=Erroneous termination; Positions=648; Note=Translated

as Sec;

6/8 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for TXNRD1 (see all 8):

1W1C (3D)

2CFY (3D)

2J3N (3D)

2ZZ0 (3D)

2ZZB (3D)

2ZZC (3D)

Secondary accessions: Q6FI31 Q6VB40 Q6VB41 Q6VB42 Q6VBP2 Q6VBP3 Q6VBP4 Q6VBP5 Q6VBP9 Q6VBQ0 Q6YNQ1

Q76P53 Q7LA96 Q8WVC8 Q99475 Q9UES8 Q9UH79

Alternative splicing: 6 isoforms: Q16881-1 Q16881-2 Q16881-3 Q16881-4 Q16881-5 Q16881-6 (Major isoform. The N-terminus of the sequence is processed into a mature form that lacks residues Met-151 and Asn-152 at the N-terminus)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for TXNRD1: NX_Q16881

Post-translational modifications:

The N-terminus of isoform 5 is blocked¹

ISGylated (Probable)¹

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q16881

4/26 DME Specific Peptides for TXNRD1 (Q16881) (see all 26)

IGGGSGG

DSRNYGW

LGPNAGE

GDKEYCI

TXNRD1 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins (7 alternative transcripts):

NP_001087240.1 NP_001248374.1 NP_001248375.1 NP_003321.3 NP_877393.1 NP_877419.1 NP_877420.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000434516 ENSP00000431294 ENSP00000421934 ENSP00000435929 ENSP00000431925

ENSP00000435123 ENSP00000433507 ENSP00000434919 ENSP00000432273 ENSP00000433732

ENSP00000433887 ENSP00000436229 ENSP00000433425 ENSP00000433935 ENSP00000433599

ENSP00000432812 ENSP00000412045 ENSP00000373506 ENSP00000440978 ENSP00000367310

ENSP00000380844 ENSP00000393328 ENSP00000347020 ENSP00000442709

Reactome Protein details: Q16881
Human Recombinant Protein Products for TXNRD1:

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	Novus Biologicals TXNRD1 Proteins Novus Biologicals TXNRD1 Lysate
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	ProSpec Recombinant Protein for TXNRD1
	Uscn Proteins for TXNRD1

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/6 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 6): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005634	nucleus	IDA	--
GO:0005730	nucleolus	IDA	--
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	IDA	--
GO:0005739	mitochondrion	IEA	--
GO:0005829	cytosol	TAS	--

TXNRD1 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

TXNRD1 Antibody Products:

	EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of TXNRD1
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	Abcam antibodies for TXNRD1
	Uscn Antibodies for TXNRD1
	ThermoFisher Antibodies for TXNRD1

Assay Products for TXNRD1:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
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	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for TXNRD1
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for TXNRD1

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

TXNRD1 for domains About GeneDecksing

5/9 InterPro domains/families (see all 9):

IPR013027 FAD_pyr_nucl-diS_OxRdtase

IPR002109 Glutaredoxin

IPR012999 Pyr_OxRdtase_I_AS

IPR004099 Pyr_nucl-diS_OxRdtase_dimer

IPR006338 Thioredoxin/glutathione_Rdtase

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q16881

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q16881

3 Blocks protein families:

IPB001100 Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase

IPB001327 Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase

IPB013027 FAD-dependent pyridine nucleotide reductase signature

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TRXR1_HUMAN, Q16881

Domain: The N-terminal glutaredoxin domain found in isoform 1 does not contain the C-P-Y-C redox-active motif normally

found in glutaredoxins and has been found to be inactive in classical glutaredoxin assays

Similarity: Belongs to the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family

Similarity: Contains 1 glutaredoxin domain

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, inGenious Targeting Laboratory,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, Sirion Biotech, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Molecular Function:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: TRXR1_HUMAN, Q16881

Function: Isoform 1 may possess glutaredoxin activity as well as thioredoxin reductase activity and induces actin and

tubulin polymerization, leading to formation of cell membrane protrusions. Isoform 4 enhances the transcriptional

activity of estrogen receptors alpha and beta while isoform 5 enhances the transcriptional activity of the beta

receptor only. Isoform 5 also mediates cell death induced by a combination of interferon-beta and retinoic acid

Catalytic activity: Thioredoxin + NADP(+) = thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH

Induction: Isoform 5 is induced by a combination of interferon-beta and retinoic acid (at protein level). Isoform 1 is

induced by estradiol or testosterone in HeLa cells

Genatlas biochemistry entry for TXNRD1:

thioredoxin reductase,pyridine nucleotide disulfide oxidoreductase family,ubiquitously expressed

Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB): EC 1.8.1.9¹ ² EC 1.8.1²

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/9 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 9): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0004791	thioredoxin-disulfide reductase activity	EXP	--
GO:0009055	electron carrier activity	IEA	--
GO:0015035	protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity	IEA	--
GO:0016174	NAD(P)H oxidase activity	IEA	--
GO:0033797	selenate reductase activity	IEA	--

TXNRD1 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

Phenotypes:
1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for TXNRD1:

Increased gamma-H2AX phosphory

9 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 4 alleles) (MGI details for Txnrd1):

behavior/neurological	cardiovascular system	cellular	embryogenesis	growth/size
mortality/aging	nervous system	normal	reproductive system

TXNRD1 for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

Animal Models:
Mouse knock-outs for TXNRD1: Txnrd1^tm1.1Marc Txnrd1^tm1.1Ees

inGenious Targeting Laboratory - Customizable classic, inducible, and humanized mouse model solutions for TXNRD1

miRNA Products:		miRTarBase miRNAs that target TXNRD1: hsa-mir-155 (MIRT001489)

		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 5): TXNRD1 Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat TXNRD1
		8/23 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate TXNRD1 (see all 23):
		hsa-miR-124* hsa-miR-3164 hsa-miR-125a-5p hsa-miR-500a hsa-miR-421 hsa-miR-548a-3p hsa-miR-125b hsa-miR-23a

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: TXNRD1 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for TXNRD1 (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: TXNRD1 OriGene siRNA: TXNRD1
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat TXNRD1
		Sirion Biotech Custom design and validation of potent shRNA sequences against TXNRD1

Gene Editing Products:			DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for TXNRD1
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Clone Products:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TXNRD1 (see all 8) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TXNRD1 (see all 6) OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 5): TXNRD1 (NM_182742)
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		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for TXNRD1
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Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for TXNRD1
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for TXNRD1
		Sirion Biotech Customized stable knockdown cell line services for TXNRD1 Sirion Biotech Customized inducible knockdown cell line services for TXNRD1 Sirion Biotech Customized stable overexpressing cell line services for TXNRD1 Sirion Biotech Customized inducible overexpressing cell line services for TXNRD1

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for TXNRD1

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/15 super-pathways (see all 15) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Regulation of Lipid Metabolism by Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha)

	Regulation of Lipid Metabolism by Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha)	1.00			Fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and ketone body metabolism	0.52
	PPARA Activates Gene Expression	0.74

Metabolism

Metabolism

1.00

Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins

0.34

Glucose / Energy Metabolism

Glucose / Energy Metabolism

1.00

Mechanisms of CFTR activation by S-nitrosoglutathione (normal and CF)

Mechanisms of CFTR activation by S-nitrosoglutathione (normal and CF)

1.00

Synthesis and interconversion of nucleotide di- and triphosphates

Synthesis and interconversion of nucleotide di- and triphosphates

1.00

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

1 Downloadable PowerPoint Slide of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for TXNRD1

Antioxidant Action of Vitamin-C

1 Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathway for TXNRD1

Glucose / Energy Metabolism

1 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathway for TXNRD1

Mechanisms of CFTR activation by S-nitrosoglutathione (normal and CF)

4 BioSystems Pathways for TXNRD1

	Selenium Metabolism and Selenoproteins
	Selenium Pathway
	Oxidative Stress
	thioredoxin pathway

5/8 Reactome Pathways for TXNRD1 (see all 8)

	Metabolism of nucleotides
	Synthesis and interconversion of nucleotide di- and triphosphates
	Expression of TXNRD1
	Metabolism
	Fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and ketone body metabolism

1 PharmGKB Pathway for TXNRD1

Oxidative Stress Regulatory Pathway (Erythrocyte)

2 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for TXNRD1):

	Pyrimidine metabolism
	Selenocompound metabolism

TXNRD1 for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for TXNRD1

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

5/36 Interacting proteins for TXNRD1 (Q16881^{2, 3} ENSP00000412045⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 36)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
CAV1	Q03135²^,³, ENSP00000339191⁴	MINT-7307648 MINT-7307603 MINT-7307629 MINT-7307587 I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000339191
TXNIP	Q9H3M7³, ENSP00000358323⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000358323
POU2F1	P14859³, ENSP00000271411⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000271411
TXNDC17	Q9BRA2³, ENSP00000250101⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000250101
GLRX2	Q9NS18³, ENSP00000356410⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000356410

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/26 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 26): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0001707	mesoderm formation	IEA	--
GO:0001890	placenta development	IEA	--
GO:0006749	glutathione metabolic process	IEA	--
GO:0006979	response to oxidative stress	--	--
GO:0007165	signal transduction	NAS	8921404

TXNRD1 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

TXNRD1 for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for TXNRD1

5 HMDB Compounds for TXNRD1 About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
FAD	1H-Purin-6-amine flavin dinucleotide (see all 21)	146-14-5	--
NADP	Adenine-nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (see all 18)	53-59-8	--
NADPH	2'-(dihydrogen phosphate) 5'-(trihydrogen pyrophosphate) Adenosine 5'-ester with 1,4-dihydro-1-b-D-ribofuranosylnicotinamide (see all 23)	53-57-6	--
Selenium	selenium (see all 5)	7782-49-2	--
Selenocysteine	(2R)-2-amino-3-selanylpropanoate (see all 8)	3614-08-2	--

5 DrugBank Compounds for TXNRD1 About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	Type	Actions	PubMed Ids
Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide	--	146-14-5	target	--	17139284 17016423 10592235
Nadph Dihydro-Nicotinamide-Adenine-Dinucleotidephosphate	--	--	target	--	17139284 17016423 10592235
Spermidine	1,5,10-Triazadecane (see all 8)	124-20-9	target	--	17139284 17016423 10592235
Fotemustine	(+-)-Diethyl (1-(3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido)ethyl)phosphonate (see all 5)	--	target	--	17139284 17016423
Arsenic trioxide	Acide Arsenieux [French] (see all 11)	1327-53-3	target	inhibitor	17640917

10/30 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for TXNRD1 gene (see all 30) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
selenocysteine	88.3	26	12574159 (3), 9315320 (2), 8650234 (2), 9671710 (2) (see all 12)
selenodiglutathione	84.1	1	9315320 (1)
selenium	78.6	53	18215477 (6), 12574159 (4), 16857846 (3), 9315320 (2) (see all 23)
selenite	77.9	30	15935149 (5), 18215477 (3), 17150329 (3), 18405881 (3) (see all 10)
goldthioglucose	74.5	7	17115890 (1), 12431787 (1), 18267104 (1)
trypanothione	72.1	9	8760878 (2), 11170645 (1), 10036154 (1), 18448175 (1) (see all 6)
sulforaphane	70.7	25	17150329 (5), 12663510 (4), 15740016 (4), 20204301 (3) (see all 6)
dithiol	69.3	2	9315320 (1), 14622292 (1)
dtnb	62.9	1	19020731 (1)
gold sodium thiomalate	60.5	2	14584040 (1), 18632643 (1)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about TXNRD1 / TRXR1

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for TXNRD1 gene (7 alternative transcripts):

NM_001093771.2 NM_001261445.1 NM_001261446.1 NM_003330.3 NM_182729.2 NM_182742.2 NM_182743.2

Unigene Cluster for TXNRD1:

Thioredoxin reductase 1

Hs.654922 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_001261445

18/28 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant (see all 28):

ENST00000525566(uc021rcx.1 uc010swq.2) ENST00000534282(uc001tkm.1)

ENST00000526006 ENST00000526266 ENST00000503506 ENST00000526691(uc021rcy.1 uc021rcz.1 uc021rda.1 uc021rdb.1 uc010swp.2)

ENST00000531691(uc001tkv.2) ENST00000526390 ENST00000531689 ENST00000529546

ENST00000529751 ENST00000526207 ENST00000528079 ENST00000526580 ENST00000529784

ENST00000524698 ENST00000527688 ENST00000527335

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		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat TXNRD1
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		hsa-miR-124* hsa-miR-3164 hsa-miR-125a-5p hsa-miR-500a hsa-miR-421 hsa-miR-548a-3p hsa-miR-125b hsa-miR-23a

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: TXNRD1 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for TXNRD1 (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: TXNRD1 OriGene siRNA: TXNRD1
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Additional cDNA sequence:

AF077367.1 AF208018.1 AJ001050.1 AK128515.1 AK129977.1 AK226071.1 AK293322.1 AK295067.1

AK296495.1 AK304241.1 AK308881.1 AK312262.1 AY057105.1 BC018122.1 BC042974.1 BT019640.1

CR536506.1 D88687.1 S79851.1 X91247.1

24/38 DOTS entries (see all 38):

DT.101985558 DT.453295 DT.100675942 DT.101957868 DT.95346175 DT.100857589 DT.102839481 DT.100678555

DT.121140038 DT.121139786 DT.92452779 DT.121139750 DT.101985557 DT.97864432 DT.121139777 DT.121139969

DT.121139807 DT.121139936 DT.100717877 DT.92452782 DT.121139878 DT.95148645 DT.97787792 DT.121140353

24/731 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 731):

BM903800 BQ217267 CB118777 AW167597 AA827934 NM_003330 BQ026952 AI640404

AI742895 BC018122 BU608046 AI368798 CN484286 AA745741 BU195421 BM837847

AI085384 BX955926 BU158843 BF692051 BQ007703 BM806442 BQ786945 BQ774233

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/14 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for TXNRD1 (see all 14) About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	·	1c	·	1d	·	1e	·	1f	^	2a	·	2b	·	2c	^	3a	·	3b	·	3c	^	4	^	5a	·	5b	·	5c	^	6a	·	6b	^	7	^	8	^	9a	·	9b	^	10	^	11	^	12	^	13	^
SP1:																	-		-				-		-		-		-		-
SP2:													-		-		-		-				-		-		-		-		-
SP3:																							-		-		-		-		-
SP4:													-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
SP5:																	-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-

ExUns:	14a	·	14b	^	15a	·	15b	^	16a	·	16b	^	17	^	18a	·	18b	^	19a	·	19b	·	19c	·	19d
SP1:									-						-		-
SP2:									-						-		-
SP3:									-
SP4:
SP5:

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for TXNRD1

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

TXNRD1 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: TATTTTTGTT

About this image

TXNRD1 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

Stem Cell Differentiation: 2 LifeMap Cells

Name

Category

PureStem™ endothelial progenitor RP1-MV2-18 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

Endothelium

PureStem™ progenitor EN27 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

See TXNRD1 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for TXNRD1

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.654922

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TRXR1_HUMAN, Q16881

Tissue specificity: Isoform 1 is expressed predominantly in Leydig cells (at protein level). Also expressed in ovary,

spleen, heart, liver, kidney and pancreas and in a number of cancer cell lines. Isoform 4 is widely expressed with

highest levels in kidney, testis, uterus, ovary, prostate, placenta and fetal liver

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including TXNRD1:

Cancer Drug Targets in human mouse rat

Oxidative Stress in human mouse rat

Signal Transduction PathwayFinder in human mouse rat

Hepatotoxicity in human mouse rat

Stress & Toxicity PathwayFinder in human mouse rat

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In Situ
Assay Products:

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(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the last universal common ancestor (LUCA).

Orthologs for TXNRD1 gene from 8/27 species (see all 27) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	TXNRD1¹	thioredoxin reductase 1	79.09(n) 85.37(a)		418082 NM_001030762.2 NP_001025933.2
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	TXNRD1⁶	--	75(a)	1 ↔ 1	5(18317448-18361163)
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	BC054599.1²	--	74.09(n)		352924 BC054599.1
honey bee (Apis mellifera)	Insecta	--	--	34(a)	possible ortholog	GroupUn.1655(9-419)
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)	Secernentea	C06G3.7³ trxr-1¹	pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase³ Protein TRXR-1¹	58(a) (best of 2)³ 57.88(n)¹ 56.78(a)¹		IV(7012218-7016190)³ 177466¹ NM_068684.5¹ NP_501085.2¹
thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)	eudicotyledons	GR1¹	glutathione reductase, cytosolic	49.67(n) 38.34(a)		822003 NM_001035679.2 NP_001030756.2
rice (Oryza sativa)	Liliopsida	Os02g0813500¹	hypothetical protein	46.71(n) 36.27(a)		4331112 NM_001055020.1 NP_001048485.1
E. coli (Escherichia coli)	Gamma proteobacteria	ykgC⁶	predicted pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreduc...	24(a)	possible ortholog	Chromosome(317900-319225)

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for TXNRD1 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for TXNRD1 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for TXNRD1 gene

TXNRD3² TXNRD2² GSR²

8 SIMAP similar genes for TXNRD1 using alignment to 18 protein entries: TRXR1_HUMAN (see all proteins):

KIAA0586 TXNRD3 L3MBTL2 DKFZp781E0833 TXNRD2 GLRX2

GSR DLD

TXNRD1 for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 12 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs72487512^1,2		--	104607580(+)	`GTGGAC/TGCCTG`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs140747866^1,2		--	104607633(+)	`AACCCA/GGGAGG`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs184132972^1,2		--	104607688(+)	`GGGCAA/CCAGAG`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs80205088^1,2	C,F	--	104607801(+)	`TTTGAC/GTCTGG`	1	--	us2k¹		3		WA CSA	122
rs150111463^1,2		--	104607979(+)	`AGCCAA/GGCATA`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs73392593^1,2	C,F	--	104607980(+)	`GCCAGG/ACATAA`	1	--	us2k¹		4		WA NA	242
rs138560878^1,2		--	104608013(+)	`GTTAAC/TTGAAA`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs141641146^1,2		--	104608072(+)	`TGATGG/TGCCGC`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs115124152^1,2		--	104608075(+)	`TGTGCC/TGCAAT`	1	--	us2k¹		1		WA	118
rs187669423^1,2		--	104608101(+)	`AAAAAA/GTCACT`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for TXNRD1 (104609557 - 104744062 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 8 variations for TXNRD1
6 CNVs: 5690 86551 66317 86553 86552 58550
2 Indels: 39933 24841

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

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(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

TXNRD1 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 601112    OMIM disorders: --

20/34 diseases for TXNRD1 (see all 34):    About MalaCards

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis oral squamous cell carcinoma lateral sclerosis squamous cell carcinoma

rheumatoid arthritis diphtheria colon cancer osteoarthritis

leishmaniasis nephropathy arthritis prostate cancer

breast cancer lung adenocarcinoma rhabdomyosarcoma osteoporosis

alzheimer's disease carcinoma cholangiocarcinoma lung cancer

10/11 Novoseek disease relationships for TXNRD1 gene (see all 11) About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
cancer	28.1	14	19838062 (4), 12894524 (2), 18357548 (1), 19020731 (1)
tumors	17.4	23	17316382 (3), 16546977 (2), 14584040 (1), 15183196 (1) (see all 12)
cell damage	15.9	1	17150329 (1)
rheumatoid arthritis	13.9	2	10555039 (1), 18632643 (1)
atherosclerotic plaque	11.3	3	15183196 (2), 19555664 (1)
colon cancer	7.63	5	19782697 (3), 20098717 (1)
necrosis	4.21	5	14584040 (1), 15183196 (1), 15521073 (1), 18766175 (1)
breast carcinoma	0	3	9774665 (1), 12894524 (1)
breast cancer	0	3	15740016 (1), 12894524 (1)
osteoarthritis	0	1	17516242 (1)

Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: TXNRD1 (10 documents)

Export disorders for TXNRD1 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for TXNRD1 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 222):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with TXNRD1)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Cloning and sequencing of a human thioredoxin reductase. (PubMed id 7589432)^{1, 2, 3} Gasdaska P.Y.... Powis G. (1995)
Evidence for intriguingly complex transcription of human thioredoxin reductase 1. (PubMed id 14980707)^{1, 2, 9} Rundloef A.-K.... Arner E.S. (2004)
Induction of cell membrane protrusions by the N-terminal glutaredoxin domain of a rare splice variant of human thioredoxin reductase 1. (PubMed id 18042542)^{1, 2, 9} Dammeyer P.... Arner E.S.J. (2008)
Thioredoxin reductase mediates cell death effects of the combination of beta interferon and retinoic acid. (PubMed id 9774665)^{1, 2, 9} Hofman E.R.... Kalvakolanu D.V. (1998)
Selenocysteine, identified as the penultimate C-terminal residue in human T-cell thioredoxin reductase, corresponds to TGA in the human placental gene. (PubMed id 8650234)^{1, 2, 9} Gladyshev V.N.... Stadtman T.C. (1996)
The structure of human thioredoxin reductase 1 provides insights into C-terminal rearrangements during catalysis. (PubMed id 17512005)^{1, 2, 9} Fritz-Wolf K.... Becker K. (2007)
An alternative splicing variant of the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase is a modulator of estrogen signaling. (PubMed id 15199063)^{1, 2, 9} Damdimopoulos A.E....Spyrou G. (2004)
HERC5 is an IFN-induced HECT-type E3 protein ligase that mediates type I IFN-induced ISGylation of protein targets. (PubMed id 16815975)^{1, 2} Wong J.J....Chin K.C. (2006)
Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. (PubMed id 15592455)^{1, 2} Rush J.... Comb M.J. (2005)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section

		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 7296	HGNC: 12437	AceView: TXNRD1	Ensembl:ENSG00000198431	euGenes: HUgn7296
ECgene: TXNRD1	Kegg: 7296	H-InvDB: TXNRD1

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for TXNRD1	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
NIEHS-SNPs	http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/txnrd1/

Intellectual Property for TXNRD1 gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for TXNRD1 gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving TXNRD1

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0 and Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, and Sirion Biotech, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, In Situ Hybridization Assays from
Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Animal models from inGenious Targeting Laboratory)
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thioredoxin reductase 1

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TXNRD1 Gene

thioredoxin reductase 1

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