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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

TXN Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 64
GCID: GC09M113006

thioredoxin

Explore 128 diseases affiliated with
TXN via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Thioredoxin¹		TRX1² ³
TRX¹ ² ³		ATL-Derived Factor² ³
Surface-Associated Sulphydryl Protein² ³		Thioredoxin Delta 3²
ADF² ³		TXN Delta 3²
SASP² ³		Trx³
TRDX² ³

External Ids:	HGNC: 12435¹	Entrez Gene: 7295²	Ensembl: ENSG00000136810⁷	OMIM: 187700⁵	UniProtKB: P10599³

Export aliases for TXN gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC09M103804 GC09M104738 GC09M106463 GC09M108386 GC09M110085 GC09M112045 GC09M082608

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for TXN:

The protein encoded by this gene acts as a homodimer and is involved in many redox reactions. The encoded protein is

active in the reversible S-nitrosylation of cysteines in certain proteins, which is part of the response to

intracellular nitric oxide. This protein is found in the cytoplasm. Two transcript variants encoding different

isoforms have been found for this gene. (provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: THIO_HUMAN, P10599

Function: Participates in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a

disulfide and catalyzes dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions. Plays a role in the reversible S-nitrosylation of

cysteine residues in target proteins, and thereby contributes to the response to intracellular nitric oxide.

Nitrosylates the active site Cys of CASP3 in response to nitric oxide (NO), and thereby inhibits caspase-3 activity.

Induces the FOS/JUN AP-1 DNA-binding activity in ionizing radiation (IR) cells through its oxidation/reduction status

and stimulates AP-1 transcriptional activity

Function: ADF augments the expression of the interleukin-2 receptor TAC (IL2R/P55)

Gene Wiki entry for TXN (Thioredoxin)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000009.11 NC_018920.1 NT_008470.19

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the TXN gene promoter:
Egr-3 GR Sp1 AP-1 ATF-2 GR-beta PPAR-gamma1 GR-alpha c-Jun PPAR-gamma2
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 2): TXN promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for TXN

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat TXN

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 9q31 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 9q31.3 HGNC cytogenetic band: 9q31

TXN Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
TXN gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 9 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC09M113006: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	113,006,091 bp from pter	End:	113,018,920 bp from pter
Size:	12,830 bases	Orientation:	minus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: THIO_HUMAN, P10599 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Thioredoxin

Size: 105 amino acids; 11737 Da

Subunit: Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Interacts with TXNIP through the redox-active site. Interacts with MAP3K5 and

CASP3. In case of infection, interacts with S.typhimurium protein slrP. Interacts with APEX1; the interaction

stimulates the FOS/JUN AP-1 DNA-binding activity in a redox-dependent manner

Subcellular location: Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Secreted. Note=Secreted by a leaderless secretory pathway. Predominantly in

the cytoplasm in non irradiated cells. Radiation induces translocation of TRX from the cytoplasm to the nucleus

6/30 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for TXN (see all 30):

1AIU (3D)

1AUC (3D)

1CQG (3D)

1CQH (3D)

1ERT (3D)

1ERU (3D)

Secondary accessions: B1ALW1 O60744 Q53X69 Q96KI3 Q9UDG5

Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms: P10599-1 P10599-2

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for TXN: NX_P10599

Post-translational modifications:

In the fully reduced protein, both Cys-69 and Cys-73 are nitrosylated in response to nitric oxide (NO). When two

disulfide bonds are present in the protein, only Cys-73 is nitrosylated. Cys-73 can serve as donor for nitrosylation

of target proteins¹

In case of infection, ubiquitinated by S.typhimurium protein slrP, leading to its degradation¹

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P10599

TXN Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts):

NP_001231867.1 NP_003320.2

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000363641 ENSP00000363639

Reactome Protein details: P10599
Human Recombinant Protein Products:

	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
	R&D Systems Recombinant & Natural Proteins for TXN (Thioredoxin-1, Thioredoxin-80)
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	OriGene Purified Protein: TXN OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate: TXN OriGene Custom Protein Services for TXN
	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for TXN
	Novus Biologicals TXN Proteins Novus Biologicals TXN Lysates
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	ProSpec Recombinant Protein for TXN
	Uscn Proteins for TXN

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/9 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 9): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005576	extracellular region	IEA	--
GO:0005634	nucleus	--	--
GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	TAS	--
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	--	--
GO:0005739	mitochondrion	IEA	--

TXN for ontologies About GeneDecksing

TXN Antibody Products:

	EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of TXN
	R&D Systems Antibodies for TXN (Thioredoxin-1)
	Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for TXN
	OriGene Antibodies: TXN OriGene Custom Antibody Services for TXN
	GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for TXN
	Novus Biologicals TXN Antibodies
	Abcam antibodies for TXN
	Uscn Antibodies for TXN
	ThermoFisher Antibodies for TXN

Assay Products for TXN:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	R&D Systems Multiplex/Array Assay Kits & Reagents for TXN (Thioredoxin-1)
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for TXN
	Enzo Life Sciences assays for TXN
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for TXN

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

TXN for domains About GeneDecksing

4 InterPro domains/families:

IPR013766 Thioredoxin_domain

IPR017937 Thioredoxin_CS

IPR005746 Thioredoxin

IPR012336 Thioredoxin-like_fold

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P10599

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P10599

1 Blocks protein family: IPB006662 Thioredoxin type domain

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: THIO_HUMAN, P10599

Similarity: Belongs to the thioredoxin family

Similarity: Contains 1 thioredoxin domain

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: THIO_HUMAN, P10599

Function: Participates in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a

disulfide and catalyzes dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions. Plays a role in the reversible S-nitrosylation of

cysteine residues in target proteins, and thereby contributes to the response to intracellular nitric oxide.

Nitrosylates the active site Cys of CASP3 in response to nitric oxide (NO), and thereby inhibits caspase-3 activity.

Induces the FOS/JUN AP-1 DNA-binding activity in ionizing radiation (IR) cells through its oxidation/reduction status

and stimulates AP-1 transcriptional activity

Function: ADF augments the expression of the interleukin-2 receptor TAC (IL2R/P55)

Induction: Up-regulated by ionizing radiation

Genatlas biochemistry entry for TXN:

thioredoxin

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: TXN Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat TXN
		Search QIAGEN for miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate TXN
		Browse SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmids

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for TXN (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: TXN OriGene siRNA: TXN
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat TXN

Gene Editing
Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for TXN

Clone Products:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TXN (see all 3) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TXN (see all 2) OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 12): TXN (NM_004993)
		Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for TXN
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for TXN
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat TXN

Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for TXN
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for TXN

In Situ Assay
Products:

Search Advanced Cell Diagnostics for RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for TXN

Gene Ontology (GO): 5 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	--
GO:0009055	electron carrier activity	IEA	--
GO:0015035	protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity	IEA	--
GO:0015037	peptide disulfide oxidoreductase activity	IEA	--
GO:0019899	enzyme binding	IEA	--

TXN for ontologies           About GeneDecksing

Animal Models:
     Mouse knock-out Txn1^tm1Mmt for TXN
     3 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 1 allele) (MGI details for Txn1):

cellular

embryogenesis

mortality/aging

TXN for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/18 super-pathways (see all 18) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Inflammasomes

Inflammasomes

1.00

The NLRP3 inflammasome

0.71

Immune System

Immune System

1.00

Innate Immune System

0.46

Development HGF signaling pathway

Apoptosis and survival_Anti-apoptotic action of nuclear ESR1 and ESR2

0.15

Apoptosis and survival Anti-apoptotic action of nuclear ESR1 and ESR2

0.15

NF-kappaB Signaling

NF-kappaB Signaling

1.00

Lymphocyte Signaling

Lymphocyte Signaling

1.00

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

1 EMD Millipore Pathway for TXN

Apoptosis and survival Anti-apoptotic action of nuclear ESR1 and ESR2

4 Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathways for TXN

	Apoptosis and Autophagy
	Lymphocyte Signaling
	Glucose / Energy Metabolism
	NF-kappaB Signaling

2 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for TXN

	Apoptosis and survival Anti-apoptotic action of nuclear ESR1 and ESR2
	Inhibitory action of Lipoxin A4 on PDGF, EGF and LTD4 signaling

4 BioSystems Pathways for TXN

	Selenium Pathway
	TNF receptor signaling pathway
	p38 MAPK signaling pathway
	Signaling events mediated by PTP1B

5/9 Reactome Pathways for TXN (see all 9)

	Metabolism of nucleotides
	Synthesis and interconversion of nucleotide di- and triphosphates
	Metabolism
	Inflammasomes
	Nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor (NLR) signaling pathways

1 PharmGKB Pathway for TXN

Oxidative Stress Regulatory Pathway (Erythrocyte)

TXN for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for TXN

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

5/193 Interacting proteins for TXN (P10599^{1, 2, 3} ENSP00000363641⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 193)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
COPS5	Q92905¹^,³, ENSP00000350512⁴	EBI-1042712,EBI-594661 I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000350512
HMGB1	P09429²^,³, ENSP00000343040⁴	MINT-6795963 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000343040
MAP3K5	Q99683¹^,³, ENSP00000351908⁴	EBI-1042712,EBI-476263 I2D: score=5 STRING: ENSP00000351908
PRDX2	P32119²^,³, ENSP00000301522⁴	MINT-5115275 I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000301522
PRDX1	Q06830²^,³, ENSP00000262746⁴	MINT-5115288 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000262746

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/29 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 29): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000122	negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	IEA	--
GO:0006351	transcription, DNA-dependent	IEA	--
GO:0006355	regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent	--	--
GO:0006662	glycerol ether metabolic process	IEA	--
GO:0006928	cellular component movement	TAS	10947064

TXN for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

TXN for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for TXN
10/119 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for TXN gene (see all 119) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
dithiol	90.3	79	12816947 (3), 2177148 (3), 16969714 (2), 14713336 (2) (see all 46)
selenocysteine	83	29	14584040 (2), 10833265 (2), 11683552 (1), 9535831 (1) (see all 18)
cysteine	77.3	132	8542921 (5), 17627472 (4), 15180957 (3), 18202017 (2) (see all 82)
ebselen selenol	77.3	4	12177067 (2), 19406206 (1)
selenodiglutathione	76.3	8	19366212 (1), 7615089 (1), 9315320 (1), 7476355 (1) (see all 6)
nadph	75.6	207	9315320 (3), 15983215 (3), 8626570 (2), 16085680 (2) (see all 98)
dithiothreitol	72.4	52	8495739 (2), 9823546 (2), 14674681 (2), 1372607 (1) (see all 37)
methionine sulfoxide	70.8	21	11807942 (2), 17761174 (2), 16735467 (1), 17034341 (1) (see all 13)
h2o2	70.7	98	14688353 (4), 15685369 (3), 8761470 (3), 17823364 (3) (see all 57)
selenol	69.1	2	15651042 (1), 17115886 (1)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about TXN / THIO

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for TXN gene (2 alternative transcripts):

NM_001244938.1 NM_003329.3

Unigene Cluster for TXN:

Thioredoxin

Hs.435136 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: BM810480

3 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000374517(uc004bep.2 uc004beq.2) ENST00000374515 ENST00000487892

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: TXN Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat TXN
		Search QIAGEN for miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate TXN
		Browse SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmids

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for TXN (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: TXN OriGene siRNA: TXN
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat TXN

Clone Products:		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TXN (see all 3) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TXN (see all 2) OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 12): TXN (NM_004993)
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for TXN
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat TXN

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for TXN Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
		SABiosciences RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat TXN
		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat TXN
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat TXN

Additional cDNA sequence:

AF065241.1 AF085844.1 AF276919.1 AF313911.1 AK289508.1 AY004872.1 BC003377.1 BC054866.1

BX647247.1 CR407665.1 D28376.1 J04026.1 JQ313905.1 X77584.1

24/27 DOTS entries (see all 27):

DT.101969754 DT.100039182 DT.95346744 DT.121158987 DT.91775546 DT.121158974 DT.40116225 DT.91930402

DT.91739861 DT.100879170 DT.92041955 DT.95233817 DT.121159085 DT.121254610 DT.100672944 DT.100879172

DT.121158975 DT.121158976 DT.121158979 DT.121158989 DT.121158996 DT.121159061 DT.91867980 DT.95155183

24/654 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 654):

AI301311 CB108281 AA314279 AA316247 AA541704 NM_003329 R63073 AA316923

BQ430518 AI362770 BQ774337 AI832644 BF970488 BX647247 R29707 D53041

AA345578 BG179019 AV681766 AA600717 CR602033 W48627 AI146721 AI192260

GeneLoc Exon Structure

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

TXN expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: TTTTCTGAAA

About this image
See TXN Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for TXN

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.435136

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including TXN:

Cancer Drug Targets in human mouse rat

Oxidative Stress in human mouse rat

Signal Transduction PathwayFinder in human mouse rat

Stress & Toxicity PathwayFinder in human mouse rat

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for TXN Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
		SABiosciences RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat TXN
		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat TXN
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat TXN

In Situ
Assay Products:

Search Advanced Cell Diagnostics for RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for TXN

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

Orthologs for TXN gene from 8/29 species (see all 29) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	TXN¹	thioredoxin	74.29(n) 70.48(a)		396437 NM_205453.1 NP_990784.1
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	--	--	69(a)	1 → many	GL343476.1(264630-273279)
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	BC049031.1²	--	75.04(n)		336637 BC049031.1
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	Trx-2¹	thioredoxin-2	56.77(n) 52.48(a)		34281 NM_078802.3 NP_523526.1
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)	Secernentea	trx-1⁶	Thioredoxin-1	35(a)	possible ortholog	II(7752579-7753554)
baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)	Saccharomycetes	TRX2(YGR209C)⁴ TRX2¹	Cytoplasmic thioredoxin isoenzyme of the thioredoxin more⁴ Trx2p¹	53(n)¹ 50(a)¹		7(913227-912913)⁴ 853123^{1, 4} NP_011725.3¹ NP_011725.1⁴
thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)	eudicotyledons	TRX2¹	thioredoxin H2	60(n) 47.06(a)		833992 NM_123358.3 NP_198811.1
rice (Oryza sativa)	Liliopsida	Os07g0190800¹	hypothetical protein	52.1(n) 47.57(a)		4342618 NM_001065625.2 NP_001059090.1

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for TXN (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for TXN (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for TXN gene

TXNDC8² TXNDC2² TXNL1²

10 SIMAP similar genes for TXN using alignment to 2 protein entries: THIO_HUMAN (see all proteins):

TXNDC2 TXN2 TXNL1 P4HB PDIA3 ERP44

TXNDC8 DKFZp666I134 STRF8 TXNDC5

TXN for paralogs About GeneDecksing

5/7 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for TXN (see all 7)
PGOHUM00000238638 PGOHUM00000237203 PGOHUM00000244067 PGOHUM00000244850 PGOHUM00000240383

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 9 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs151081653^1,2	C,	--	113005966(+)	`TGGCA-/AAAC AAACA`	2	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs4135230^1,2	C,F,H,	--	113005969(-)	`TGTTTG/ATTTTG`	2	--	ds500¹		4		NS EA	470
rs185126805^1,2		--	113005971(+)	`AAACAA/CACAAA`	2	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs147047130^1,2		--	113005982(+)	`CAAAAC/TGAACA`	2	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs4135227^1,2	C,F,H,	--	113006108(-)	`AAAGTA/GGTATG`	2	--	ut3¹		6		NS EA WA	712
rs189539981^1,2		--	113006128(+)	`ATTGCC/TCCCAA`	2	--	ut3¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs2776^1,2	C,F,O,A,H,	--	113006288(-)	`GTCTCG/ATGTCT`	2	--	ut3¹ ese³		39		NS MN NA EA WA CSA	4364
rs182614938^1,2		--	113006293(+)	`TGAGAC/TGGTTT`	2	--	ut3¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs72549245^1,2	F	--	113006375(-)	`AATTTA/GCAAAA`	2	--	ut3¹		5		MN	400
rs186490217^1,2		--	113006381(+)	`AAATTA/TAAAAA`	2	--	ut3¹		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for TXN (113006091 - 113018920 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 4 variations for TXN
4 CNVs: 8630 36904 36905 36903

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing TXN

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for TXN

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

TXN for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 187700    OMIM disorders: --

20/128 diseases for TXN (see all 128):    About MalaCards

diffuse large b-cell lymphoma allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis glucose intolerance non-small cell lung carcinoma

b-cell lymphomas pre-eclampsia bronchopulmonary dysplasia malignant mesothelioma

acute myocardial infarction malignant pleural mesothelioma nonalcoholic steatohepatitis food allergy

myocardial infarction japanese encephalitis myocarditis squamous cell carcinoma

fanconi's anemia acute myocarditis skin squamous cell carcinoma haemophilus influenzae

2 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for TXN:

Adult T-cell leukemia Vascular disease

10/90 Novoseek disease relationships for TXN gene (see all 90) About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
cancer	39	150	18979503 (4), 17697931 (4), 16459166 (4), 16428932 (3) (see all 79)
leukemia t-cell	35.4	14	1900462 (1), 11841839 (1), 15818395 (1), 11213477 (1) (see all 9)
tumors	24	164	15701837 (5), 15313215 (3), 19799607 (3), 11705859 (3) (see all 76)
fanconis anemia	19.7	7	14669993 (3), 9475178 (2), 14730345 (1), 11948424 (1)
malignant mesothelioma	17.3	2	11307155 (1)
necrosis	17.2	20	10985667 (2), 10555039 (1), 12744469 (1), 16298911 (1) (see all 18)
lung carcinoma	16.7	7	18661523 (2), 15003321 (1), 11595699 (1), 11410516 (1)
retinal ischemia	15.4	3	9010470 (1), 8206709 (1)
shock	15.2	26	15896550 (3), 16624572 (2), 18206876 (2), 12077134 (2) (see all 15)
breast cancer	15.1	48	19566940 (5), 11163861 (5), 16322305 (3), 11705859 (3) (see all 21)

Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: TXN (14 documents)

Export disorders for TXN gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for TXN gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 1191):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with TXN)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

AP-1 transcriptional activity is regulated by a direct association between thioredoxin and Ref-1. (PubMed id 9108029)^{1, 2, 9} Hirota K....Yodoi J. (1997)
Crystal structures of reduced, oxidized, and mutated human thioredoxins: evidence for a regulatory homodimer. (PubMed id 8805557)^{1, 2, 9} Weichsel A.... Montfort W.R. (1996)
Human thioredoxin reactivity-structure/function relationship. (PubMed id 2176490)^{1, 2, 9} Jacquot J.-P.... Wollman E. (1990)
Salmonella type III secretion effector SlrP is an E3 ubiquitin ligase for mammalian thioredoxin. (PubMed id 19690162)^{1, 2} Bernal-Bayard J. and Ramos-Morales F. (2009)
Thioredoxin is required for S-nitrosation of procaspase-3 and the inhibition of apoptosis in Jurkat cells. (PubMed id 17606900)^{1, 2} Mitchell D.A.... Marletta M.A. (2007)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Thioredoxin nuclear translocation and interaction with redox factor-1 activates the activator protein-1 transcription factor in response to ionizing radiation. (PubMed id 11118054)^{1, 2} Wei S.J....Gius D. (2000)
Human thioredoxin homodimers: regulation by pH, role of aspartate 60, and crystal structure of the aspartate 60 --> asparagine mutant. (PubMed id 9369469)^{1, 2} Andersen J.F....Montfort W.R. (1997)
The solution structure of human thioredoxin complexed with its target from Ref-1 reveals peptide chain reversal. (PubMed id 8736558)^{1, 2} Qin J.... Gronenborn A.M. (1996)
Solution structure of human thioredoxin in a mixed disulfide intermediate complex with its target peptide from the transcription factor NF kappa B. (PubMed id 7788295)^{1, 2} Qin J.... Gronenborn A.M. (1995)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section

		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 7295	HGNC: 12435	AceView: TXN	Ensembl:ENSG00000136810	euGenes: HUgn7295
ECgene: TXN	H-InvDB: TXN

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for TXN	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
NIEHS-SNPs	http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/txn/

Intellectual Property for TXN gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for TXN gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving TXN

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript and LifeMap BioReagents, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences),
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TXN Gene

thioredoxin

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