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TXN Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 64

GC09M113006

thioredoxin
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc , and/or ⁷Ensembl, ⁸miRBase)
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Aliases & Descriptions
thioredoxin¹ ²		ADF² ³
TRX¹ ² ³		MGC61975²
Surface-associated sulphydryl protein² ³		DKFZp686B1993²
TRX1² ³		TRDX³
ATL-derived factor² ³		Trx³
SASP² ³

External Ids:	HGNC: 12435¹	Entrez Gene: 7295²	Ensembl: ENSG00000136810⁷	UniProtKB: P10599³

Search outside databases for aliases for TXN gene

Previous GC identifers: GC09M103804 GC09M104738 GC09M106463 GC09M108386 GC09M110085 GC09M112045

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
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Entrez Gene summary for TXN:

Thioredoxin is a 12-kD oxidoreductase enzyme containing a dithiol-disulfide active site. It is ubiquitous and found in

many organisms from plants and bacteria to mammals. Multiple in vitro substrates for thioredoxin have been identified,

including ribonuclease, choriogonadotropins, coagulation factors, glucocorticoid receptor, and insulin. Reduction of

insulin is classically used as an activity test.(supplied by OMIM)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: THIO_HUMAN, P10599

Function: Participates in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a

disulfide and catalyzes dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions. Plays a role in the reversible S-nitrosylation of

cysteine residues in target proteins, and thereby contributes to the response to intracellular nitric oxide.

Nitrosylates the active site Cys of CASP3 in response to nitric oxide (NO), and thereby inhibits caspase-3 activity

Function: ADF augments the expression of the interleukin-2 receptor TAC (IL2R/P55)

Gene Wiki entry for TXN (Thioredoxin)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl (release 56), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to SABiosciences)
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Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the TXN gene upstream (promoter) region

:
AP-1 PPAR-gamma1 PPAR-gamma2 c-Fos c-Jun Sp1 GR-alpha RFX1 Max1 c-Myc

Epigenetics:

SABiosciences Methyl-Profiler DNA Methylation qPCR Primer Assays for TXN:

MePH12842-2A

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 9q31 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 9q31.3 HGNC cytogenetic band: 9q31

TXN Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 9 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC09M113006: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	113,006,091 bp from pter
End:	113,018,920 bp from pter
Size:	12,830 bases
Orientation:	minus strand

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000009.11 NT_008470.19

(According to ¹UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to ²Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, and/or Sino Biological,
Biochemical Assays by Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 May 2010 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abnova, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, and/or Epitomics)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: THIO_HUMAN, P10599 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Thioredoxin

Size: 105 amino acids; 11737 Da

Subunit: Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Interacts with TXNIP through the redox-active site. Interacts with MAP3K5 and

CASP3. In case of infection, interacts with S.typhimurium protein slrP

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm

PDB structures from and Proteopedia :

1AIU (3D)

1AUC (3D)

1CQG (3D)

1CQH (3D)

1ERT (3D)

1ERU (3D)

1ERV (3D)

1ERW (3D)

1M7T (3D)

1MDI (3D)

1MDJ (3D)

1MDK (3D)

1TRS (3D)

1TRU (3D)

1TRV (3D)

1TRW (3D)

1W1C (3D)

1W1E (3D)

2HSH (3D)

2HXK (3D)

2IFQ (3D)

2IIY (3D)

3E3E (3D)

3TRX (3D)

4TRX (3D)

Secondary accessions: Q53X69 Q96KI3 Q9UDG5

Post-translational modifications:

In the fully reduced protein, both Cys-69 and Cys-73 are nitrosylated in response to nitric oxide (NO). When two

disulfide bonds are present in the protein, only Cys-73 is nitrosylated. Cys-73 can serve as donor for nitrosylation

of target proteins¹

In case of infection, ubiquitinated by S.typhimurium protein slrP, leading to its degradation¹

View phosphorylation sites using PhosphoSite²

REFSEQ proteins: NP_003320.2

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000363639 ENSP00000363641

Human Recombinant Proteins

	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at Millipore
	Sigma-Aldrich Proteins for TXN
	R&D Systems Recombinant & Natural Proteins for TXN (Thioredoxin-1, Thioredoxin-80)
	Enzo Life Sciences proteins for TXN
	HuPro® and/or Recombinant Proteins from Abnova for TXN
	Browse Origene full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells
	Novus Biologicals Proteins for TXN
	Novus Biologicals Lysate for TXN
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins

4 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005634	nucleus	--	--
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	IEA	--
GO:0005739	mitochondrion	IEA	--
GO:0005829	cytosol	EXP	11517226 16750198

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TXN for ontologies About GeneDecksing

Antibodies for TXN:

	Browse Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
	Sigma-Aldrich Antibodies for TXN
	R&D Systems Antibodies for TXN (Thioredoxin-1)
	Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for TXN (Thioredoxin 1)
	Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies from Abnova (TXN)
	Browse Origene Antibodies
	Novus Biologicals Antibodies for TXN
	Browse antibodies at Epitomics

Assays for TXN:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from Millipore
	Browse ELISAs at Sigma-Aldrich
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	Enzo Life Sciences assays for TXN

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
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TXN for domains About GeneDecksing

5/7 InterPro domains/families (see all 7 ):

IPR012335 Thioredoxin_fold

IPR015467 Thioredoxin_core

IPR013766 Thioredoxin_domain

IPR017937 Thioredoxin_CS

IPR006662 Thioredoxin-like_subdom

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P10599

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P10599

1 Blocks protein family: IPB006662 Thioredoxin type domain

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: THIO_HUMAN, P10599

Similarity: Belongs to the thioredoxin family

Similarity: Contains 1 thioredoxin domain

(According to MGI May 08 2010, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Millipore, Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich, Clones from Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene, Sino Biological, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 May 2010 via Entrez Gene.)
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Inhib. RNA:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (TXN)
		Origene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector (see all 2): TXN Origene shRNA RFP (see all 2): TXN Origene basic RS shRNA (see all 2): TXN
		Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for TXN
		Sigma-Aldrich siRNA Panels and siRNA for TXN Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for TXN Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Clones:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore
		Browse iPSC Reprogramming Factors at Sigma-Aldrich
		Origene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector: TXN Origene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector: TXN Origene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): TXN
		Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for TXN

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: THIO_HUMAN, P10599

Function: Participates in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a

disulfide and catalyzes dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions. Plays a role in the reversible S-nitrosylation of

cysteine residues in target proteins, and thereby contributes to the response to intracellular nitric oxide.

Nitrosylates the active site Cys of CASP3 in response to nitric oxide (NO), and thereby inhibits caspase-3 activity

Function: ADF augments the expression of the interleukin-2 receptor TAC (IL2R/P55)

Genatlas biochemistry entry for TXN:

thioredoxin

2 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	10814541 15480426 19690162
GO:0015037	peptide disulfide oxidoreductase activity	--	--

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TXN for ontologies About GeneDecksing

Animal Models: 2 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 1 allele) (MGI details for Txn1):

embryogenesis

lethality-prenatal/perinatal

TXN for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, Applied Biosystems GeneAssist, KEGG and/or UniProtKB, (map by GeneGo),
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, and/or ³STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 May 2010 via Entrez Gene).
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TXN for pathways About GeneDecksing

1 Millipore Pathway for TXN

Apoptosis and survival Anti-apoptotic action of nuclear ESR1 and ESR2

2 Sigma-Aldrich "Your Favorite Gene" Pathways for TXN (Your Favorite Gene powered by Ingenuity)

	Pyrimidine Metabolism
	NRF2-mediated Oxidative Stress Response

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for TXN

5/20 Interacting proteins for TXN (ENSP00000363641³ P10599^{1, 2}) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING (see all 20 )

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
TXNIP	Q9H3M7¹	STRING: ENSP00000358323 EBI-594644,EBI-1369170
COPS5	Q92905¹	EBI-594644,EBI-594661
HMGB1	P09429²	MINT-6795963
PRDX1	Q06830²	MINT-5115288
PRDX2	P32119²	MINT-5115275

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5/9 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 9 ):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000122	negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	--	--
GO:0006810	transport	IEA	--
GO:0006928	cellular component movement	TAS	10947064
GO:0007165	signal transduction	TAS	10947064
GO:0007267	cell-cell signaling	TAS	10947064

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TXN for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
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TXN for compounds About GeneDecksing

Enzo Life Sciences drugs & compounds for TXN

Browse Small Molecules at Sigma-Aldrich

Browse Tocris compounds for TXN
10/596 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for TXN gene (see all 596 )

Compound	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
dithiol	100.00	100	2177148 (3), 12816947 (3), 16969714 (2), 14713336 (2) (see all 93)
dithiothreitol	100.00	150	9194603 (3), 7016827 (3), 385588 (3), 3678134 (3) (see all 100)
glutathione	100.00	531	16700069 (7), 16337887 (7), 15388247 (6), 16046214 (5) (see all 100)
nadph	100.00	291	3740850 (6), 18717593 (4), 17550271 (4), 15983215 (4) (see all 100)
methionine sulfoxide	71.13	51	9573155 (2), 9501259 (2), 3533930 (2), 2832416 (2) (see all 42)
cysteine	69.40	209	8542921 (5), 17627472 (4), 8942651 (3), 8679592 (3) (see all 100)
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate	33.12	65	17563540 (4), 1446686 (4), 3740850 (3), 3190242 (3) (see all 45)
selenocysteine	29.14	33	17098255 (2), 16464088 (2), 14584040 (2), 10833265 (2) (see all 29)
h2o2	28.35	155	14688353 (5), 9559867 (4), 17823364 (4), 16263712 (4) (see all 100)
gssg	25.24	44	19362171 (5), 14668013 (4), 9214573 (3), 19737561 (2) (see all 31)

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(GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 223 Homo sapiens; Apr 2 2010) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
ESTs according to GeneTide,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from Millipore and/or Abnova,
siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene, microRNA from SABiosciences,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, Primers from OriGene and/or SABiosciences,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
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Inhib. RNA:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (TXN)
		Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs: NM_003329
		Origene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector (see all 2): TXN Origene shRNA RFP (see all 2): TXN Origene basic RS shRNA (see all 2): TXN
		Sigma-Aldrich siRNA Panels and siRNA for TXN Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for TXN Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

microRNA:		2 SABiosciences microRNAs that regulate TXN:
		hsa-miR-30e* hsa-miR-30a*

Assays:

Applied Biosystems TaqMan® Gene Expression Assays:

NM_003329

Clones:

Origene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector: TXN
Origene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector: TXN
Origene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): TXN

Primers:		Origene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: TXN
		SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay for TXN: PPH18986A

REFSEQ mRNAs for TXN gene:

NM_003329.2

Additional cDNA sequence:

AF065241.1 AF085844.1 AF276919.1 AF313911.1 AK289508.1 AY004872.1 BC003377.1 BC054866.1

BX647247.1 CR407665.1 CR602033.1 D28376.1 J04026.1 X77584.1

24/27 DOTS entries (see all 27 ):

DT.101969754 DT.100039182 DT.95346744 DT.121158987 DT.91775546 DT.121158974 DT.40116225 DT.91930402

DT.91739861 DT.100879170 DT.92041955 DT.95233817 DT.121159085 DT.121254610 DT.100879172 DT.121158975

DT.121158976 DT.121158979 DT.121158989 DT.121158996 DT.121159061 DT.95155183 DT.95233748 DT.100672944

24/654 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 654 ):

D53041 R29707 BX647247 BF970488 AI832644 AI362770 BQ774337 CD370882

NM_003329 BQ430518 BG055101 CB106636 AA345578 AI879273 CB108281 AY004872

AI879657 BF792137 AF085844 W60036 AA362199 AA383227 BM052957 BU155561

highest scoring ESTs for TXN:

AA025693 AA150817 AA313623 AA314090 AA315700 AA315827 AA344785 AA362285 AA642116 AA772033

Unigene Cluster for TXN:

Thioredoxin

Hs.435136 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: BM810480

GeneLoc Exon Structure

3 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations:

ENST00000374515 ENST00000487892 ENST00000374517

(Experimental results according to ¹GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
probe sets-to-genes annotations according to ²GeneAnnot , ³GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 223 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems, Primers from OriGene and/or SABiosciences )
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TXN expression in normal and diseased human tissues

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for TXN

¹ / ² / ³

3 probe-sets matching TXN gene

Affymetrix probe-set	Array	# genes	Sensitivity	Specificity	Correlation	Length	Gb_Accession	Consensus	Uniqueness	Score	Rank
Affymetrix probe-set	Array	GeneAnnot data			GeneNote data		GeneTide data
36992_at²^{, 3}	U95-A	3	1.00	0.91	1.00	1.00	AI653621	0.80	1.00	0.91	1
208864_s_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	2	1.00	0.95	--	--	AF313911	0.80	1.00	0.91	1
208864_s_at²	U133Plus2	2	1.00	0.95	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

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TXN for expression About GeneDecksing

Data from Genenote (Publications) and GNF BioGPS
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CGAP SAGE TAG: TTTTCTGAAA

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.435136

Expression variation in blood from EXPOLDB for TXN

Primers:		Origene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: TXN
		SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay for TXN: PPH18986A

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD and/or ⁵MGI May 08 2010, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
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Orthologs for TXN gene from 5/15 species (see all 15 )

Organism	Gene	Locus	Description	Human Similarity	NCBI accessions
chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)	TXN¹	--	thioredoxin	99.68(n) 100(a)	740248 XM_001142154.1 XP_001142154.1
cow (Bos taurus)	TXN¹	--	thioredoxin	93.02(n) 93.33(a)	280950 NM_173968.3 NP_776393.1
rat (Rattus norvegicus)	Txn1¹	--	thioredoxin 1	86.08(n) 90.29(a)	116484 NM_053800.2 NP_446252.1
mouse (Mus musculus)	Txn1^{1, 5}	4 (24.60 cM)⁵	thioredoxin 1^{1, 5}	85.76(n)¹ 89.32(a)¹	22166¹ NM_011660.3¹ NP_035790.1¹ AK007537⁵ AK007790⁵ (see all 16)
chicken (Gallus gallus)	TXN¹	--	thioredoxin	74.29(n) 70.48(a)	396437 NM_205453.1 NP_990784.1

About this table Species with no ortholog for TXN

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for TXN

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene
and ²Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to ³Pseudogene.org)
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Paralogs for TXN gene

TXNDC8² TXNDC2² TXNL1²

TXN for paralogs About GeneDecksing

Pseudogenes

6 related pseudogenes

(SNPs according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
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10/170 NCBI SNPs in TXN are shown (see all 170 )
(Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay) (see all 78)

AB	SNP ID	Valid	Chr 9 pos	Sequence	Recs	AA Chg	Type	More	Recs	Pop	Total sample	More
AB	Genomic Data				Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--			--
	rs2776^1,2	C,F,O,A,H	82608007(-)	`GTCTCG/ATGTCT`	1	--	ng3¹ ese³		28	NS MN NA EA WA	2646
--	rs5843^1,2	C,F,A,H	113006420(+)	`GTTATG/ATTTTC`	1	--	ut3¹		9	NS MN NA	762
	rs1049927^1,2	C,F,O	113018755(-)	`TTTCCA/GTCGGT`	1	--	ut5¹ ese³		10	MN NS EA	1206
--	rs749385^1,2	C,F,A	82622470(+)	`gtgggC/Tgtaat`	1	--	ng5¹		8	MN NA EA WA	610
--	rs749384^1,2	C,F,A	82622468(+)	`aagtgG/Agcgta`	1	--	ng5¹		12	NS EA MN NA WA	1028
	rs2301241^1,2	C,F,A	82621298(-)	`gacttT/Caggag`	1	--	ng5¹		23	NS EA MN NA WA	2278
	rs2301242^1,2	C,F,A	82620792(-)	`GCTGGT/AGTGCG`	1	--	ng5¹		13	EA NS NA	2754
--	rs2301243^1,2	C,F,A	82620762(-)	`GGAGCT/CGAAGC`	1	--	ng5¹		2	NS NA	182
--	rs4135157^1,2	C,F,A	82620772(-)	`TGGGGG/TTACAG`	1	--	ng5¹		1	NS	180
	rs4135227^1,2	C,F	82607827(-)	`AAAGTA/GGTATG`	1	--	ng3¹		6	NS EA WA	644

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HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for TXN (up to first 250kb)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 4 variations for TXN
4 CNVs: 8630 36904 36905 36903

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, Novoseek, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, LSDB, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
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TXN for disorders About GeneDecksing

OMIM: 187700

10/380 Novoseek disease relationships for TXN gene (see all 380 )

Disease	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
adult t-cell leukemia	20.15	45	9116292 (7), 1398748 (4), 8139268 (2), 2999237 (2) (see all 29)
htlv-i	8.19	23	2889666 (3), 1398748 (3), 11841832 (3), 7933622 (2) (see all 14)
nonalcoholic steatohepatitis	5.26	13	12480557 (6), 16257259 (5), 18636507 (2)
chest pain syndrome	5.12	5	14677813 (2), 15749180 (1), 14713337 (1), 12947364 (1)
anemia; fanconi	4.29	15	11948424 (5), 14669993 (4), 9475178 (3), 14730345 (3)
ebv-related malignancy	3.64	2	9046841 (2)
cancer cell growth	3.62	8	11035260 (2), 9679540 (1), 9042207 (1), 14695837 (1) (see all 7)
bakers asthma	3.24	3	16522470 (3)
autoimmune myocarditis	3.20	4	15353510 (1), 12882710 (1), 12870672 (1), 12123771 (1)
myocarditis	3.09	18	15193838 (3), 12870673 (3), 12870672 (3), 12882710 (2) (see all 9)

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Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator: TXN (8 documents)

(Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
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(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Novoseek, ²HGNC, ³Entrez Gene, ⁴UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁵UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁶GAD, and/or ⁷PharmGKB)
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10/1237 PubMed articles for TXN gene (see all 1237 ):

Human thioredoxin homodimers: regulation by pH, role of aspartate 60, and crystal structure of the aspartate 60 --> asparagine mutant. (PubMed id 9369469)^{1, 3, 4} Andersen J.F....Montfort W.R. (1997)
The solution structure of human thioredoxin complexed with its target from Ref-1 reveals peptide chain reversal. (PubMed id 8736558)^{1, 3, 4} Qin J.... Gronenborn A.M. (1996)
Crystal structures of reduced, oxidized, and mutated human thioredoxins: evidence for a regulatory homodimer. (PubMed id 8805557)^{1, 3, 4} Weichsel A.... Montfort W.R. (1996)
Isolation and characterization of human thioredoxin-encoding genes. (PubMed id 1874447)^{1, 3, 4} Tonissen K.F. and Wells J.R.E. (1991)
Human thioredoxin reactivity-structure/function relationship. (PubMed id 2176490)^{1, 3, 4} Jacquot J.-P.... Wollman E. (1990)
ATL-derived factor (ADF), an IL-2 receptor/Tac inducer homologous to thioredoxin; possible involvement of dithiol-reduction in the IL-2 receptor induction. (PubMed id 2785919)^{1, 3, 4} Tagaya Y.... Yodoi J. (1989)
A proton nuclear magnetic resonance assignment and secondary structure determination of recombinant human thioredoxin. (PubMed id 2684271)^{1, 3, 4} Forman-Kay J.D.... Gronenborn A.M. (1989)
Salmonella type III secretion effector SlrP is an E3 ubiquitin ligase for mammalian thioredoxin. (PubMed id 19690162)^{3, 4} Bernal-Bayard J. and Ramos-Morales F. (2009)
Thioredoxin is required for S-nitrosation of procaspase-3 and the inhibition of apoptosis in Jurkat cells. (PubMed id 17606900)^{3, 4} Mitchell D.A....Marletta M.A. (2007)
Substrate and functional diversity of lysine acetylation revealed by a proteomics survey. (PubMed id 16916647)^{3, 4} Kim S.C.... Zhao Y. (2006)

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		AND	OR
Aliases
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Free Text

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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 7295	HGNC: 12435	AceView: TXN	Ensembl:ENSG00000136810	euGenes: HUgn7295
ECgene: TXN	H-InvDB: TXN

(According to HUGE)
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(According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
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Name	Description
NIEHS-SNPs	http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/txn/

Intellectual Property for TXN gene
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Patent Information for TXN gene:

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GeneCards and IP:

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GeneCards Homepage - Last full update: 21 May 2010 - Incremental updates: 24 May 2010 , 20 Jun 2010

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Category			ACSF3 acyl-CoA synthetase family member 3
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degeneration retinal
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acute coronary syndrome
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infection viral
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rheumatoid inflammation
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blight
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cryptorchidism unilateral
cardiac hypertrophy
infertility male
adult disease
acute hepatitis
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TXN Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 64

Aliases & Descriptionsfor TXN gene

Summariesfor TXN gene

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Proteinsfor TXN gene

Protein Domains/Familiesfor TXN gene

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Pathways & Interactionsfor TXN gene

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Aliases &
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