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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

TUBB4A Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 56
GCID: GC19M006496

tubulin, beta 4A class IVa

(Previous names: tubulin, beta 4, tubulin, beta 4 class IVa )
(Previous symbol: TUBB4)

Explore 6 diseases affiliated with
TUBB4A via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Tubulin, Beta 4A Class IVa¹ ²		TUBB5² ³
TUBB4¹ ² ³		Tubulin, Beta 4¹
Beta-5¹		Class IVa Beta-Tubulin²
Tubulin, Beta 4 Class IVa¹ ²		Tubulin Beta-4A Chain²
Tubulin 5 Beta² ³		Tubulin, Beta, 5²
Tubulin Beta-4 Chain² ³

External Ids:	HGNC: 20774¹	Entrez Gene: 10382²	Ensembl: ENSG00000104833⁷	OMIM: 602662⁵	UniProtKB: P04350³

Export aliases for TUBB4A gene to outside databases

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TBB4A_HUMAN, P04350

Function: Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on

the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain

summary for TUBB4A:

Microtubules are cylindrical tubes of 20-25 nm in diameter. They are composed of protofilaments which are in

turn composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin polymers. Each microtubule is polarized, at one end alpha-subunits

are exposed (-) and at the other beta-subunits are exposed (+). Microtubules act as a scaffold to determine

cell shape, and provide a backbone for cell organelles and vesicles to move on, a process that requires

motor proteins. The major microtubule motor proteins are kinesin, which generally moves towards the (+) end

of the microtubule, and dynein, which generally moves towards the (-) end. Microtubules also form the

spindle fibers for separating chromosomes during mitosis.

Gene Wiki entry for TUBB4A (TUBB4)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000019.9 NC_018930.1 NT_011255.14

Regulatory elements:

Search SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites for TUBB4A
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 2): TUBB4A promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for TUBB4A

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat TUBB4A

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 19p13.3 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 19p13.3 HGNC cytogenetic band: 19p13.3

TUBB4A Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
TUBB4A gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 19 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC19M006496: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	6,494,330 bp from pter	End:	6,502,330 bp from pter
Size:	8,001 bases	Orientation:	minus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TBB4A_HUMAN, P04350 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Tubulin beta-4A chain

Size: 444 amino acids; 49586 Da

Subunit: Dimer of alpha and beta chains

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton

Secondary accessions: B3KQP4 Q969E5

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for TUBB4A: NX_P04350

Post-translational modifications:

Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are polyglutamylated. This modification occurs exclusively on glutamate

residues and results in polyglutamate chains on the gamma-carboxyl group. Also monoglycylated but not polyglycylated

due to the absence of functional TTLL10 in human. Monoglycylation is mainly limited to tubulin incorporated into

axonemes (cilia and flagella) whereas glutamylation is prevalent in neuronal cells, centrioles, axonemes, and the

mitotic spindle. Both modifications can coexist on the same protein on adjacent residues, and lowering glycylation

levels increases polyglutamylation, and reciprocally. The precise function of such modifications is still unclear but

they regulate the assembly and dynamics of axonemal microtubules (Probable)¹

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P04350

TUBB4A Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins: NP_006078.2

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000264071 ENSP00000443590

Reactome Protein details: P04350
Human Recombinant Protein Products:

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	Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
	Browse Proteins at Uscn

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/10 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 10): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	IDA	--
GO:0005829	cytosol	TAS	--
GO:0005874	microtubule	IDA	--
GO:0005886	plasma membrane	IDA	--
GO:0005929	cilium	IEA	--

TUBB4A for ontologies About GeneDecksing

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	Browse ELISAs and CLIAs at Uscn

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

TUBB4A for domains About GeneDecksing

5/8 InterPro domains/families (see all 8):

IPR002453 Beta_tubulin

IPR000217 Tubulin

IPR003008 Tubulin_FtsZ_GTPase

IPR023123 Tubulin_C

IPR008280 Tub_FtsZ_C

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P04350

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P04350

1 Blocks protein family: IPB002453 Beta tubulin

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TBB4A_HUMAN, P04350

Domain: The highly acidic C-terminal region may bind cations such as calcium

Similarity: Belongs to the tubulin family

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TBB4A_HUMAN, P04350

Function: Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on

the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: TUBB4A Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
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Gene Editing
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In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for TUBB4A

Gene Ontology (GO): 4 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0003924	GTPase activity	IEA	--
GO:0005198	structural molecule activity	IEA	--
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	--
GO:0005525	GTP binding	IEA	--

TUBB4A for ontologies About GeneDecksing

4 GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for TUBB4A:

Cell cycle / mitosis defect

Decreased POU5F1-GFP protein e

Increased cell number in G2M,

Lamellipodia cells

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/28 super-pathways (see all 28) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Recruitment of mitotic centrosome proteins and complexes

Recruitment of mitotic centrosome proteins and complexes	1.00	Mitotic G2-G2/M phases	0.81
Centrosome maturation	1.00	Loss of proteins required for interphase microtubule organizationÂ from the centrosome	0.78
G2/M Transition	0.83	Loss of Nlp from mitotic centrosomes	0.78

M Phase

M Phase	1.00	Mitotic Anaphase	0.85
Mitotic M-M/G1 phases	0.88	Separation of Sister Chromatids	0.80
Mitotic Metaphase and Anaphase	0.85

Axon guidance

	Axon guidance	1.00			L1CAM interactions	0.39
	Developmental Biology	0.69			Recycling pathway of L1	0.15

Microtubule-dependent trafficking of connexons from Golgi to the plasma membrane

	Microtubule-dependent trafficking of connexons from Golgi to the plasma membrane	1.00			Post-chaperonin tubulin folding pathway	0.67
	Transport of connexons to the plasma membrane	0.93			Recruitment of NuMA to mitotic centrosomes	0.50

Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC

	Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC	1.00			Prefoldin mediated transfer of substrate to CCT/TriC	0.70
	Cooperation of Prefoldin and TriC/CCT in actin and tubulin folding	0.74

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

5/9 EMD Millipore Pathways for TUBB4A (see all 9)

	Cytoskeleton remodeling Neurofilaments
	Cytoskeleton remodeling Slit-Robo signaling
	Cytoplasmic microtubules
	Cytoskeleton remodeling Reverse signaling by ephrin B
	Cytoskeleton remodeling Keratin filaments

5/10 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for TUBB4A (see all 10)

	Proteolysis Role of Parkin in the Ubiquitin-Proteasomal Pathway
	Cell cycle Spindle assembly and chromosome separation
	Regulation of CFTR activity (norm and CF)
	Neurophysiological process Receptor-mediated axon growth repulsion
	Cytoskeleton remodeling Keratin filaments

2 BioSystems Pathways for TUBB4A

	Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection
	Parkin-Ubiquitin Proteasomal System pathway

5/43 Reactome Pathways for TUBB4A (see all 43)

	L1CAM interactions
	Mitotic Prometaphase
	Membrane Trafficking
	Protein folding
	Recruitment of mitotic centrosome proteins and complexes

3 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for TUBB4A):

	Phagosome
	Gap junction
	Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection

TUBB4A for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

Search SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for TUBB4A

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

5/106 Interacting proteins for TUBB4A (P04350^{1, 2, 3} ENSP00000264071⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 106)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
NFKB1	P19838²^,³, ENSP00000226574⁴	MINT-48552 MINT-48673 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000226574
TJP1	Q07157²^,³, ENSP00000281537⁴	MINT-2984882 I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000281537
CHUK	O15111²^,³, ENSP00000359424⁴	MINT-48056 I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000359424
NFKB2	Q00653²^,³	MINT-48610 MINT-48742 I2D: score=2
IKBKE	Q14164²^,³	MINT-48116 I2D: score=2

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/7 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 7): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000086	G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	TAS	--
GO:0000278	mitotic cell cycle	TAS	--
GO:0006457	protein folding	TAS	--
GO:0007018	microtubule-based movement	IEA	--
GO:0044267	cellular protein metabolic process	TAS	--

TUBB4A for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Compounds for TUBB4A available from Tocris Bioscience About this table

Compound	Action	CAS #
XRP44X	Ras-Net pathway inhibitor	[729605-21-4]
Taxol	Promotes assembly and inhibits disassembly of microtubules	[33069-62-4]
Vincristine sulfate	Disrupts microtubules	[2068-78-2]
Vinblastine sulfate	Disrupts microtubules	[143-67-9]
Nocodazole	Microtubule inhibitor	[31430-18-9]

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about TUBB4A / TBB4A

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for TUBB4A gene:

NM_006087.2

Unigene Cluster for TUBB4A:

Tubulin, beta 4A class IVa

Hs.110837 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_006087

2 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000264071(uc002mff.1 uc002mfg.1) ENST00000540257

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Additional cDNA sequence:

AK075307.1 AK095202.1 AK293503.1 AK294102.1 AK295917.1 BC006570.2 BC013683.1

24/55 DOTS entries (see all 55):

DT.318267 DT.95158077 DT.121417818 DT.121418030 DT.121417865 DT.121417775 DT.121418054 DT.121417995

DT.121417900 DT.121418070 DT.100821400 DT.100658283 DT.121418044 DT.121418034 DT.91915983 DT.121417877

DT.121418039 DT.121418069 DT.100821401 DT.91756369 DT.95348032 DT.91764176 DT.100059285 DT.121418081

24/354 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 354):

BX420124 BQ681008 BM541857 BP361960 R88447 BP360852 BF771920 BP347561

BU174234 BP362039 BU166310 CD171745 CB153227 BF771901 BF924791 BP362433

BQ680733 BM468553 H18894 AA355255 BU177638 BP350428 BP361928 H18770

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/10 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for TUBB4A (see all 10) About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	^	2a	·	2b	·	2c	·	2d	·	2e	·	2f	^	3a	·	3b	·	3c	^	4a	·	4b	^	5a	·	5b	^	6a	·	6b	·	6c	·	6d	·	6e	·	6f	·	6g
SP1:			-		-		-																-		-
SP2:					-						-		-		-		-		-				-		-
SP3:					-																		-		-
SP4:					-		-																-		-
SP5:					-								-		-		-						-		-

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for TUBB4A

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

TUBB4A expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: CATCCTCCCT

About this image

TUBB4A expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells

Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

5 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells

Tissue

Anatomical Compartment

Cell

Category (developmental path)

Lung

Respiratory Bronchioles

Lung

Lung

Spinal Neural Tube Cells

Neural Ectoderm

Eye

Retina

Eye

Spinal Cord

Presumptive Spinal Cord

Spinal Cord

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

Stem Cell Differentiation: 2 LifeMap Cells

Name

Category

PureStem™ progenitor U31 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

Lung epithelial-like cells (Derivation of lung e...)

See TUBB4A Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for TUBB4A

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.110837

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TBB4A_HUMAN, P04350

Tissue specificity: Major isotype in brain, where it represents 46% of all beta-tubulins

SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for TUBB4A

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In Situ
Assay Products:

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(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

Orthologs for TUBB4A gene from 6/22 species (see all 22) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
mouse (Mus musculus)	Mammalia	Tubb4a^{1 , 5}	tubulin, beta 4A class IVA^{1, 5}	87.84(n)¹ 100(a)¹		17 (29.66 cM)⁵ 22153¹ NM_009451.3¹ NP_033477.2¹ 57080066⁵
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	zgc:153426¹	zgc:153426	83.78(n) 97.3(a)		767746 NM_001076715.1 NP_001070183.1
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	CG32396⁶	--	51(a)	possible ortholog	3L(6523829-6525529)
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)	Secernentea	tbb-6⁶	Tubulin, Beta family member (tbb-6)	58(a)	possible ortholog	V(12261785-12263349)
thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)	eudicotyledons	TUB4¹	tubulin beta-4 chain	71.2(n) 85.03(a)		834459 NM_123801.1 NP_199247.1
rice (Oryza sativa)	Liliopsida	Os03g0661300¹	hypothetical protein	79.83(n) 83.52(a)		4333632 NM_001057360.1 NP_001050825.1

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for TUBB4A (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for TUBB4A (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for TUBB4A gene

TUBB² TUBB8² TUBB4B² TUBB2B² TUBB3² ENSG00000173213² TUBB2A² TUBE1²

TUBB6² TUBB1² ENSG00000258947²

18/26 SIMAP similar genes for TUBB4A using alignment to 13 protein entries: TBB4A_HUMAN (see all proteins) (see all similar genes):

TUBB2C TUBB4B XTP3TPATP1 TUBB2B TUBB2A DKFZp566F223

TUBB3 TUBB6 TUBB8 TUBB4Q TUBB TUBB1

TUBA1A DKFZp686L04275 TUBA1C TUBA2 TUBA3C TUBA3D

TUBB4A for paralogs About GeneDecksing

1 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogene for TUBB4A
PGOHUM00000241990

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
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SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 19 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs117375300^1,2	F,	--	6493839(+)	`CACCAC/TGCCCT`	1	--	int¹		1		NA	120
rs185127609^1,2		--	6493959(+)	`GGTGTA/GAGCCA`	1	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs142716352^1,2		--	6493974(+)	`GCCCTA/GCCCCT`	1	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs189592105^1,2		--	6494070(+)	`ATTGGG/TACCCC`	1	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs112170023^1,2	F	--	6494183(+)	`CTCAGG/TGTTAG`	1	--	int¹		2		CSA	4
rs146533862^1,2		--	6494230(+)	`GCACGC/TCCCCC`	1	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs140030420^1,2		--	6494319(+)	`GGATTC/TGGCAG`	1	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs1053395^1,2	C,F,A,H,	--	6494371(+)	`GCAGGG/CAAGCG`	1	--	ut3¹ ese³		12		NA NS EA WA	904
rs73920690^1,2	C,	--	6494475(+)	`GAGGCA/TGGGAG`	1	--	ut3¹		2		WA	120
rs1053377^1,2	C,F,A,H,	--	6494502(-)	`CTCTGA/GTTCCC`	1	--	ut3¹ ese³		29		MN NA NS EA WA CSA	2677

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for TUBB4A (6494330 - 6502330 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for TUBB4A: --

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(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
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TUBB4A for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 602662    OMIM disorders: --

6 diseases for TUBB4A:    About MalaCards

cerebral amyloid angiopathy cerebritis prostate carcinoma prostatitis

carcinoma malaria

Export disorders for TUBB4A gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
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PubMed articles for TUBB4A gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 56):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with TUBB4A)

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Sequence of an expressed human beta-tubulin gene containing ten Alu family members. (PubMed id 6462917)^{1, 2, 3} Lee M.G....Cowan N.J. (1984)
Signal sequence and keyword trap in silico for selection of full- length human cDNAs encoding secretion or membrane proteins from oligo- capped cDNA libraries. (PubMed id 16303743)^{1, 2} Otsuki T....Isogai T. (2005)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
C-terminal fragments of alpha- and beta-tubulin form amyloid fibrils in vitro and associate with amyloid deposits of familial cerebral amyloid angiopathy, British type. (PubMed id 8619814)^{1, 2} Baumann M.H.... Ghiso J. (1996)
Identification of two human beta-tubulin isotypes. (PubMed id 6865944)^{1, 3} Hall J.L.... Cowan N.J. (1983)
Sp1 phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cycli n B1 represses its DNA-binding activity during mitosis in cancer cells. (PubMed id 22266860)¹ Chuang J.Y....Hung J.J. (2012)
Host cell interactome of HIV-1 Rev includes RNA helica ses involved in multiple facets of virus production. (PubMed id 22174317)¹ Naji S....Gerace L. (2012)
Methods for quantification of in vivo changes in prote in ubiquitination following proteasome and deubiquitinase inhibition. (PubMed id 22505724)¹ Udeshi N.D....Carr S.A. (2012)
A high-throughput approach for measuring temporal chan ges in the interactome. (PubMed id 22863883)¹ Kristensen A.R....Foster L.J. (2012)
The proteomic analysis of endogenous FAT10 substrates identifies p62/SQSTM1 as a substrate of FAT10ylation. (PubMed id 22797925)¹ Aichem A....Groettrup M. (2012)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 10382	HGNC: 20774	AceView: TUBB5	Ensembl:ENSG00000104833	euGenes: HUgn10382
ECgene: TUBB4A	Kegg: 10382	H-InvDB: TUBB4A

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for TUBB4A	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

Intellectual Property for TUBB4A gene
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Patent Information for TUBB4A gene:
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TUBB4A Gene

tubulin, beta 4A class IVa

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TUBB4A Gene

tubulin, beta 4A class IVa

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