Set Analyses:
Advanced Search

Advanced Search

 
Search By
Section (entire)
for


 
or upload a file of gene symbols


Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

TUBB Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 66
GCID: GC06P030687

tubulin, beta class I

(Previous names: tubulin, beta polypeptide, tubulin, beta )
 Explore 74 diseases affiliated with
TUBB via
MalaCards
our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for TUBB    

Aliases
for TUBB gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
Tubulin, Beta Class I1 2     TUBB12
M401 2 5     Beta 5-Tubulin2
TUBB52 3 5     Beta Ib Tubulin2
OK/SW-Cl.561     Beta-4 Tubulin2
Tubulin, Beta Polypeptide1 2     Beta1-Tubulin1
Tubulin Beta-5 Chain2 3     Class I Beta-Tubulin2
MGC164351     Tubulin Beta Chain2
Tubb51     Tubulin Beta Polypeptide2
Tubulin, Beta1     Tubulin Beta-1 Chain2

External Ids:    HGNC: 207781   Entrez Gene: 2030682   Ensembl: ENSG000001962307   OMIM: 1911305   UniProtKB: P074373   

Export aliases for TUBB gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC06M003138 GC06M003098 GC06P030797 GC06Pc30826 GC06P030489


Summaries
for TUBB gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TBB5_HUMAN, P07437
Function: Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on
the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain

summary for TUBB:
Microtubules are cylindrical tubes of 20-25 nm in diameter. They are composed of protofilaments which are in
turn composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin polymers. Each microtubule is polarized, at one end alpha-subunits
are exposed (-) and at the other beta-subunits are exposed (+). Microtubules act as a scaffold to determine
cell shape, and provide a backbone for cell organelles and vesicles to move on, a process that requires
motor proteins. The major microtubule motor proteins are kinesin, which generally moves towards the (+) end
of the microtubule, and dynein, which generally moves towards the (-) end. Microtubules also form the
spindle fibers for separating chromosomes during mitosis.

Gene Wiki entry for TUBB


Genomic Views
for TUBB gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000006.11  NC_018917.1  NT_007592.15  NT_113891.2  NT_167244.1  NT_167245.1  NT_167246.1  NT_167247.1  
NT_167248.1  NT_167249.1  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the TUBB gene promoter:
         GR   STAT1   p53   AP-1   GR-beta   STAT3   GR-alpha   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: TUBB promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for TUBB

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat TUBB


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 6p21.33   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  6p21.33   HGNC cytogenetic band: 6p21.33

TUBB Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
TUBB gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 6         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC06P030687:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 30,687,978 bp from pter      End:
 30,693,203 bp from pter
Size:
 5,226 bases      Orientation:
 plus strand

6/7 alternative locations (see all 7):
Chr6+,ALT_REF_LOCI_3 30,678,239-30,694,498      Chr6+,ALT_REF_LOCI_5 30,681,463-30,686,505      Chr6+,ALT_REF_LOCI_6 30,677,512-30,718,315     
Chr6+,ALT_REF_LOCI_4 30,655,910-30,660,952      Chr6+,ALT_REF_LOCI_2 30,677,842-30,722,251      Chr6+,ALT_REF_LOCI_1 30,696,223-30,709,744     

Proteins
for TUBB gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TBB5_HUMAN, P07437 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Tubulin beta chain  
Size: 444 amino acids; 49671 Da
Subunit: Dimer of alpha and beta chains. May interact with RNABP10 (By similarity). Interacts with PIFO. Interacts with
MX1 (By similarity)
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton
2 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for TUBB:
3QNZ (3D)        3QO0 (3D)    
Secondary accessions: P05218 Q8WUC1 Q9CY33

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for TUBB: NX_P07437

Post-translational modifications:

  • Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are polyglutamylated. This modification occurs exclusively on glutamate
    • residues and results in polyglutamate chains on the gamma-carboxyl group. Also monoglycylated but not polyglycylated
    due to the absence of functional TTLL10 in human. Monoglycylation is mainly limited to tubulin incorporated into
    axonemes (cilia and flagella) whereas glutamylation is prevalent in neuronal cells, centrioles, axonemes, and the
    mitotic spindle. Both modifications can coexist on the same protein on adjacent residues, and lowering glycylation
    levels increases polyglutamylation, and reciprocally. The precise function of such modifications is still unclear but
    they regulate the assembly and dynamics of axonemal microtubules (Probable)1
  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P07437

    • TUBB Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    TUBB Protein Expression
    REFSEQ proteins: NP_821133.1  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000339001   ENSP00000365578   ENSP00000379672   ENSP00000379668   ENSP00000391672  
    Reactome Protein details: P07437
    Human Recombinant Protein Products for TUBB: 
    Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
    Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
    Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
    OriGene Purified Protein: TUBB
    OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate: TUBB
    OriGene Custom Protein Services for TUBB 
    GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for TUBB
    Novus Biologicals TUBB Proteins
    Novus Biologicals TUBB Lysate
    Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
    Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
    Browse Proteins at Uscn

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/11 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 11):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005634nucleus ----
    GO:0005641nuclear envelope lumen IDA19567321
    GO:0005737cytoplasm IDA--
    GO:0005829cytosol TAS--
    GO:0005856cytoskeleton TAS16130169

    TUBB for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    TUBB Antibody Products: 
    EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of TUBB
    Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
    Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for TUBB 
    OriGene Antibodies (see all 4): TUBB
    OriGene Custom Antibody Services for TUBB 
    GenScript Superior Antibodies for TUBB
    Novus Biologicals TUBB Antibodies
    Abcam antibodies for TUBB 
    Browse Antibodies at Uscn
    ThermoFisher Antibody for TUBB

    Assay Products for TUBB: 
    Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
    OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development
    Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
    Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
    GenScript Custom Assay Services for TUBB
    Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
    Browse ELISAs and CLIAs at Uscn

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for TUBB gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    TUBB for domains           About GeneDecksing

    5/8 InterPro domains/families (see all 8):
     IPR002453 Beta_tubulin
     IPR000217 Tubulin
     IPR003008 Tubulin_FtsZ_GTPase
     IPR023123 Tubulin_C
     IPR008280 Tub_FtsZ_C

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P07437

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: P07437

    1 Blocks protein family: IPB002453 Beta tubulin

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TBB5_HUMAN, P07437
    Domain: The highly acidic C-terminal region may bind cations such as calcium
    Similarity: Belongs to the tubulin family


    Function
    for TUBB gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, inGenious Targeting Laboratory,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, Sirion Biotech, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Molecular Function:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: TBB5_HUMAN, P07437
    Function: Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on
    the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for TUBB:
    tubulin,beta polypeptide

         Gene Ontology (GO): 5/8 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 8):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0003924GTPase activity IEA--
    GO:0005198structural molecule activity TAS12090300
    GO:0005200structural constituent of cytoskeleton IEA--
    GO:0005515protein binding ----
    GO:0005525GTP binding IEA--
         
    TUBB for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    Phenotypes:
         6 GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for TUBB:
     Cell cycle / mitosis defect  Decreased cell number, increas  Decreased viability  Increased number of cells in m 
     Increased number of mitotic ce  Upregulation of Wnt/beta-caten 

    Animal Models:
       inGenious Targeting Laboratory - Customizable classic, inducible, and humanized mouse model solutions for TUBB 

    miRNA
    Products:            		 OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: TUBB
    Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat TUBB
    8/26 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate TUBB (see all 26):
    hsa-miR-495 hsa-miR-16-2* hsa-miR-429 hsa-miR-181c hsa-miR-4272 hsa-miR-4260 hsa-miR-421 hsa-miR-339-3p
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: TUBB 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:            		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for TUBB (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: TUBB
    OriGene siRNA: TUBB
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat TUBB
    Sirion Biotech Custom design and validation of potent shRNA sequences against TUBB 

    Gene Editing
    Products:    		DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for TUBB
    Sirion Biotech Customized adenovirus for overexpression of TUBB 
    Sirion Biotech Customized adenovirus for potent knockdown of TUBB

    Clone
    Products:             		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
    OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TUBB (see all 3)
    OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TUBB
    OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: TUBB (NM_001069)
    Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for TUBB
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for TUBB
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat TUBB 

    Cell Line
    Products:             		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for TUBB
    Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for TUBB
    Sirion Biotech Customized stable knockdown cell line services for TUBB 
    Sirion Biotech Customized inducible knockdown cell line services for TUBB
    Sirion Biotech Customized stable overexpressing cell line services for TUBB
    Sirion Biotech Customized inducible overexpressing cell line services for TUBB

    In Situ Assay
    Products:       
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for TUBB


    Pathways & Interactions
    for TUBB gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/17 super-pathways (see all 17) About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Recruitment of mitotic centrosome proteins and complexes
    		Recruitment of mitotic centrosome proteins and complexes1.00
    		Mitotic G2-G2/M phases0.81
    		Centrosome maturation1.00
    		Loss of proteins required for interphase microtubule organization from the centrosome0.78
    		G2/M Transition0.83
    		Loss of Nlp from mitotic centrosomes0.78
    2Cytoskeleton remodeling Neurofilaments
    		Cytoskeleton remodeling Neurofilaments1.00
    		Cytoplasmic microtubules0.32
    		Cytoskeleton remodeling_Neurofilaments0.91
    3Proteolysis Role of Parkin in the Ubiquitin-Proteasomal Pathway
    		Proteolysis Role of Parkin in the Ubiquitin-Proteasomal Pathway1.00
    		Parkin-Ubiquitin Proteasomal System pathway0.93
    		Proteolysis_Role of Parkin in the Ubiquitin-Proteasomal Pathway0.93
    4Cell cycle_Spindle assembly and chromosome separation
    		Cell cycle_Spindle assembly and chromosome separation1.00
    		Cell cycle Spindle assembly and chromosome separation0.94
    5Cytoskeleton remodeling_Reverse signaling by ephrin B
    		Cytoskeleton remodeling_Reverse signaling by ephrin B1.00
    		Cytoskeleton remodeling Reverse signaling by ephrin B0.94

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways

    5/10 EMD Millipore Pathways for TUBB (see all 10)
        Cytoskeleton remodeling Neurofilaments
    Selected targets of GCR-alpha
    Cytoskeleton remodeling Slit-Robo signaling
    Cytoplasmic microtubules
    Cytoskeleton remodeling Reverse signaling by ephrin B


    2 Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathways for TUBB
        Neuroscience
    Cytoskeletal Signaling

    5/10 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for TUBB (see all 10)
        Proteolysis Role of Parkin in the Ubiquitin-Proteasomal Pathway
    Cell cycle Spindle assembly and chromosome separation
    Regulation of CFTR activity (norm and CF)
    Neurophysiological process Receptor-mediated axon growth repulsion
    Cytoskeleton remodeling Keratin filaments

    2 BioSystems Pathways for TUBB 
        Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection
    Parkin-Ubiquitin Proteasomal System pathway

    5/8        Reactome Pathways for TUBB (see all 8)
        Centrosome maturation
    Cell Cycle
    Recruitment of mitotic centrosome proteins and complexes
    G2/M Transition
    Loss of proteins required for interphase microtubule organization from the centrosome


    3         Kegg Pathways  (Kegg details for TUBB):
        Phagosome
    Gap junction
    Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection


    TUBB for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for TUBB

    5/947 Interacting proteins for TUBB (P074372, 3) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 947)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    YWHAGP619812, 3MINT-50383 MINT-50849 MINT-8415355 I2D: score=2 
    ACTBP607092, 3MINT-7945693 MINT-7220149 MINT-7947479 I2D: score=1 
    YWHAZP631042, 3MINT-51021 MINT-8415355 I2D: score=4 
    NFKB2Q006532, 3MINT-48608 MINT-48739 I2D: score=2 
    TRAF1Q130772, 3MINT-49521 MINT-8415355 I2D: score=2 
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/13 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 13):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0000086G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle TAS--
    GO:0000278mitotic cell cycle TAS--
    GO:0006928cellular component movement TAS16130169
    GO:0007017microtubule-based process TAS12090300
    GO:0007018microtubule-based movement IEA--

    TUBB for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for TUBB gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    TUBB for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Compounds for TUBB available from Tocris Bioscience    About this table
    CompoundAction CAS #
    XRP44XRas-Net pathway inhibitor[729605-21-4]
    TaxolPromotes assembly and inhibits disassembly of microtubules[33069-62-4]
    Vincristine sulfateDisrupts microtubules[2068-78-2]
    Vinblastine sulfateDisrupts microtubules[143-67-9]
    NocodazoleMicrotubule inhibitor[31430-18-9]

    2 HMDB Compounds for TUBB    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #PubMed Ids
    CalciumCa (see all 2)7440-70-2--
    Guanosine triphosphate5'-GTP (see all 10)86-01-1--

    7 DrugBank Compounds for TUBB    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #TypeActionsPubMed Ids
    Vinblastine-- 865-21-4targetadduct14619954 9664292 1818332 15579115 18220533
    VinorelbineVinorelbin (see all 7)71486-22-1targetinhibitor17139284 20403547 17016423 7740336 9515574
    ColchicineColchicin (see all 3)64-86-8targetinhibitor20814887 15720245 16166440 19527023
    Vincristine22-Oxovincaleukoblastine (see all 12)57-22-7targetinhibitor19277662 17139284 17016423 20442307
    Epothilone BEPO 906 (see all 3)152044-54-7target--17139284 17016423
    Epothilone D-- 189453-10-9target--17139284 17016423
    Podofilox-- 477-47-4targetinhibitor2011590

    10/106 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for TUBB gene (see all 106)    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    paclitaxel 83.4 157 14552587 (4), 7591286 (3), 9132006 (3), 10608867 (3) (see all 91)
    epothilones 82.4 7 16294009 (2), 18083698 (1), 10688884 (1), 12890533 (1) (see all 5)
    epothilone b 80.8 8 18723488 (1), 17938270 (1), 19228735 (1)
    taxane 76.9 22 10688884 (2), 17343904 (2), 15811618 (1), 19863156 (1) (see all 15)
    phomopsin a 76.2 3 15518544 (1), 19072542 (1)
    discodermolide 76 7 11564553 (1), 17002277 (1), 19863156 (1), 19894728 (1) (see all 7)
    colchicine 75.8 61 7766610 (3), 18712858 (3), 11005811 (2), 2011590 (2) (see all 31)
    tbceu 73.2 4 16099845 (1)
    rhizoxin 71.9 1 7788525 (1)
    dolastatin 10 70.7 7 15123603 (4), 10572005 (1), 15518544 (1), 16940412 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about TUBB / TBB5 

    Transcripts
    for TUBB gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for TUBB gene: 
    NM_178014.2  

    Unigene Clusters for TUBB:

    Tubulin, beta class I
    Hs.636480  [show with all ESTs], Hs.706246  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequences: AK098772, BM800156
    5 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000327892(uc003nrl.3) ENST00000330914(uc011dmq.2) ENST00000396389
    ENST00000396384 ENST00000435534

    miRNA
    Products:             		 OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: TUBB
    Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat TUBB
    8/26 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate TUBB (see all 26):
    hsa-miR-495 hsa-miR-16-2* hsa-miR-429 hsa-miR-181c hsa-miR-4272 hsa-miR-4260 hsa-miR-421 hsa-miR-339-3p
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: TUBB 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:             		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for TUBB (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: TUBB
    OriGene siRNA: TUBB
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat TUBB
    Sirion Biotech Custom design and validation of potent shRNA sequences against TUBB 
    Clone
    Products:             		 OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TUBB (see all 3)
    OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TUBB
    OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: TUBB (NM_001069)
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for TUBB
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat TUBB 
    Primer
    Products:            		 OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for TUBB
    Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
    SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat TUBB
      QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat TUBB
      QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat TUBB

    Additional cDNA sequence: DQ457058.1 

    24/185 DOTS entries (see all 185):

    DT.98082961  DT.91936800  DT.100732278  DT.95266883  DT.100732377  DT.99926884  DT.100732383  DT.95378931 
    DT.99926845  DT.453525  DT.95243839  DT.100732312  DT.100732449  DT.100732330  DT.100656828  DT.100867584 
    DT.91847371  DT.95266886  DT.100732388  DT.100732273  DT.91938078  DT.91938087  DT.91938086  DT.121370837 

    24/6126 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 6126):

    BQ882402 BM764464 BM789820 BM740905 BQ691416 CR626396 CR603568 BE796670 
    BU501710 CB108385 BM759849 BQ434904 BE396366 BM849167 BM553102 BU170149 
    BE251461 BG393003 CN482047 CR621096 BQ923297 BU176108 BM839906 AA309944 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure


    Expression
    for TUBB gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    TUBB expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: AACGACCTCG
    TUBB Expression
    About this image
    See TUBB Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for TUBB

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene clusters: Hs.636480 Hs.706246

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TBB5_HUMAN, P07437
    Tissue specificity: Ubiquitously expressed with highest levels in spleen, thymus and immature brain

        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including TUBB: 
              Huntington's Disease in human mouse rat
              Gap Junctions in human mouse rat

    Primer
    Products:    		 OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for TUBB
    Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
    SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat TUBB
    QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat TUBB
    QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat TUBB
    In Situ
    Assay Products:     
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for TUBB

    Orthologs
    for TUBB gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

    Orthologs for TUBB gene from 7/29 species (see all 29)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves TUBB1 tubulin, beta class I 85.36(n)
    100(a)    		   396254  NM_205315.1  NP_990646.1 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia TUBB6
    		 --
    		 100(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 GL343438.1(789889-806538)
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii tubb51 tubulin, beta 5 83.26(n)
    98.65(a)    		   386701  NM_198818.1  NP_942113.1 
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)    		 Insecta &bgr;Tub56D3
    betaTub60D1    		 cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
    structural more3
    beta-Tubulin at 60D1    		 97(a)
    (best of 4)3
    79.49(n)1
    90.5(a)1    		   378881  NM_079118.21  NP_523842.21 
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)    		 Secernentea mec-73
    ben-11    		 beta tubulin3
    Protein BEN-11    		 94(a)
    (best of 5)3
    74.42(n)1
    90.74(a)1    		   X(7810216-7811403)3
    1754611  NM_065327.21  NP_497728.21 
    thale cress
    (Arabidopsis thaliana)    		 eudicotyledons TUB81 tubulin beta-8 chain 71.79(n)
    85.29(a)    		   832451  NM_001203444.1  NP_001190373.1 
    rice
    (Oryza sativa)    		 Liliopsida Os06g06719001 hypothetical protein 77.08(n)
    87.65(a)    		   4341810  NM_001064869.1  NP_001058334.1 


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for TUBB (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for TUBB (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for TUBB gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for TUBB gene
    TUBB82  TUBB4A2  TUBB4B2  TUBB2B2  TUBB32  ENSG000001732132  TUBB2A2  TUBE12  
    TUBB62  TUBB12  ENSG000002589472  
    18/30 SIMAP similar genes for TUBB using alignment to 12 protein entries:     TBB5_HUMAN (see all proteins) (see all similar genes):
    XTP3TPATP1    DKFZp566F223    TUBB2A    TUBB2B    TUBB3    TUBB2C
    TUBB4Q    TUBB4B    TUBB4A    TUBB8    TUBB6    TUBB1
    LOC402300    TUBA1    TUBA8    DKFZp686L04275    TUBA1C    MGC16703

    TUBB for paralogs           About GeneDecksing


    5/6 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for TUBB (see all 6)
    PGOHUM00000248382 PGOHUM00000247033 PGOHUM00000247034 PGOHUM00000245460 PGOHUM00000233240


    Genomic Variants
    for TUBB gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/153 NCBI SNPs in TUBB are shown (see all 153)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 6 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs1176703751,2
    		F--30687472(+) AAAAGC/TCCTTG 1 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- T:0.03EA 120
    rs1870403301,2
    		--30687498(+) TCTTTC/TAAAAC 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs31325851,2
    		C,F--30687614(-) TGCCTC/GCCCTG 1 -- us2k14Minor allele frequency- G:0.09MN NA WA 332
    rs92959101,2
    		C,F,A--30687714(+) TGTCTT/ACCCCA 1 -- us2k15Minor allele frequency- A:0.16MN WA NA EA 452
    rs1443125081,2
    		--30687742(+) CCCCAG/TACTTC 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs743723841,2
    		C--30687776(+) TGCTCA/CCTTTT 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs786439641,2
    		C--30687777(+) GCTCAC/TTTTTT 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs558464711,2
    		C--30687882(+) CCCATC/TCGTCA 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs171893571,2
    		C,F--30688067(+) CCAGCC/GCCGGC 1 -- us2k15Minor allele frequency- G:0.19MN WA CSA 215
    rs1114657071,2
    		C--30688341(+) CCAAGC/G/TTAAGA 1 -- spd11CSA 1

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for TUBB (30687978 - 30693203 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 1 variation for TUBB
         1 CNV: 3600

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
    QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing TUBB
    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for TUBB

    Disorders / Diseases
    for TUBB gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    TUBB for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 191130    OMIM disorders: --

    20/74 diseases for TUBB (see all 74):    About MalaCards
    distal hereditary motor neuropathy    distal hereditary motor neuropathy, type ii    guillain-barre syndrome    dementia familial british
    cerebral amyloid angiopathy    chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy    demyelinating polyneuropathy    giant axonal neuropathy
    leber congenital amaurosis    axonal neuropathy    pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma    polyneuropathy
    onchocerciasis    ganglioglioma    systemic lupus erythematosus    lupus erythematosus
    brain malformations    neuropathy    acute lymphoblastic leukemia    chondroblastoma

    10/46 Novoseek disease relationships for TUBB gene (see all 46)    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    cerebral amyloid angiopathy familial 63.9 2 9928828 (1), 8619814 (1)
    dementia, familial british 51.7 2 9928828 (1), 8619814 (1)
    ovarian carcinoma 49.1 12 17343904 (3), 16294009 (1), 10871860 (1), 11931848 (1) (see all 9)
    recurrent gastric cancer 33.8 1 12861402 (1)
    cancer 33.7 27 19339240 (2), 11555610 (2), 16230404 (1), 10901706 (1) (see all 18)
    nsclc 33.7 27 18613117 (4), 12826311 (2), 19218769 (2), 11605182 (1) (see all 9)
    ovarian cancer 32.9 9 15574781 (2), 18465846 (1), 16288028 (1), 16002208 (1) (see all 7)
    tumors 26.5 45 18781279 (2), 12927047 (2), 19218769 (2), 9276747 (1) (see all 34)
    lung carcinoma 26.1 1 16309172 (1)
    shock 21.8 17 15274120 (1), 16080680 (1), 17522440 (1), 8710793 (1) (see all 17)

    Genetic Association Database (GAD): TUBB
    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: TUBB (5 documents)

    Export disorders for TUBB gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for TUBB gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for TUBB gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 767):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with TUBB)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Tubulins in the primate retina: evidence that xanthophylls may be endogenous ligands for the paclitaxel-binding site. (PubMed id 11504633)1, 2, 3, 9 Crabtree D.V.... Adler A.J. (2001)
    2. Quantitative analysis of global ubiquitination in HeLa cells by mass spectrometry. (PubMed id 18781797)1, 2 Meierhofer D.... Kaiser P. (2008)
    3. Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. (PubMed id 15592455)1, 2 Rush J.... Comb M.J. (2005)
    4. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    5. Mutation of the class I beta-tubulin gene does not predict response to paclitaxel for breast cancer. (PubMed id 12893435)1, 4 Maeno K....Fujimori M. (2003)
    6. Presence of an expressed beta-tubulin gene (TUBB) in the HLA class I region may provide the genetic basis for HLA-linked microtubule dysfunction. (PubMed id 8270253)1, 3 Volz A....Ziegler A. (1994)
    7. Evolutionary history of a multigene family: an expressed human beta- tubulin gene and three processed pseudogenes. (PubMed id 6688039)1, 2 Lee M.G.-S.... Cowan N.J. (1983)
    8. Identification of two human beta-tubulin isotypes. (PubMed id 6865944)1, 2 Hall J.L.... Cowan N.J. (1983)
    9. Do beta-tubulin mutations have a role in resistance to chemotherapy? (PubMed id 15003198)1, 9 Berrieman H.K....Cawkwell L. (2004)
    10. The microtubule-associated protein tau cross-links to two distinct sites on each alpha and beta tubulin monomer via separate domains. (PubMed id 9922135)1, 9 Chau M.F....Feinstein S.C. (1998)

    External Searches for TUBB gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  
      Query String
    		PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    Genome Databases showing TUBB gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 203068 HGNC: 20778 AceView: OK\/SW-cl.56 Ensembl:ENSG00000196230 euGenes: HUgn203068
    ECgene: TUBB Kegg: 203068 H-InvDB: TUBB

    Other Databases showing TUBB gene

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    		   --

    Specialized Databases showing TUBB gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for TUBB Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
    Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubulin

    Intellectual Property
    for TUBB gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for TUBB gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving TUBB

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



    Products
    for TUBB gene

    (Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0 and Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, and Sirion Biotech, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, In Situ Hybridization Assays from
    Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Animal models from inGenious Targeting Laboratory)
    About This Section

     Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
     Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
     Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
     Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
     Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
     EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of TUBB
     
     EMD Millipore Custom Antibody & Bulk Services
     EMD Millipore Preclinical / Clinical Development Services
     EMD Millipore Immunoassay Services
     EMD Millipore Target Screening & Profiling Services

      
     Browse Antibodies   Browse Cell Culture Products  
     Browse ELISAs   Browse Flow Cytometry Kits  
     Browse Primer Pairs   Browse Kinase Activity Assays/Reagents  
     Browse ELISpot Kits/Development Modules   Browse TFB/Immunoprecipitation Assays  
     Browse Apoptosis Detection Kits/Reagents   Browse Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway (UPP) Assay Kits/Reagents  
     Browse DNA Damage/Repair Kits/Reagents   Browse Multiplex/Array Assay Kits/Reagents  
     Browse Cell Selection/Detection Kits/Reagents   Browse Secondary Antibodies/Controls/Staining Reagents  
     Browse Phosphatase Activity Assays/Reagents   Browse Recombinant/Natural Proteins  
     OriGene Antibodies for TUBB   OriGene shRNA RFP for TUBB  
     OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for TUBB   OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for TUBB  
     OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate for TUBB   Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits  
     OriGene siRNA for TUBB   OriGene 3'-UTR Clone for TUBB  
     OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TUBB   OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TUBB  
     Browse OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector   Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids  
     Browse OriGene basic RS shRNAs   Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs  
     OriGene Purified Protein for TUBB   OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling  
     OriGene Custom Antibody Services for TUBB   OriGene Custom Protein Services for TUBB  
     OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development  

         		 
     QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of in human, mouse, rat TUBB
     QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing TUBB
     QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat TUBB
     QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat TUBB
     QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat TUBB
     QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat TUBB
     GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for TUBB GenScript cDNA clones with any tag delivered in your preferred vector for TUBB
     GenScript Custom Assay Services for TUBB GenScript Superior Antibodies for TUBB
     GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for TUBB CloneReady with Over 120,000 Genes
     Gene Synthesis: Any Gene in Any Vector Vector-based siRNA and miRNA, Ready for Transfection
     Gene Mutant Library, Variants up to 10^11 Plasmid Preparation
     Custom Peptide Services
     Antibodies & Assays for TUBB 

     Regulatory tfbs in TUBB promoter
     Search Chromatin IP Primers for TUBB
     RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat TUBB
     GNC Network for TUBB
     SABiosciences PCR Arrays including human, mouse, rat TUBB
     Tocris compounds for TUBB
     Browse Sino Biological Proteins and Antibodies
     cDNA Clones for TUBB
     Antibodies/Proteins Production Services
     Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody Platform
     Bulk Purchasing
     Search www.enzolifesciences.com for proteins, assays, substrates, inhibitors & antibodies
     Novus Tissue Slides
     TUBB antibodies
     TUBB proteins
     TUBB lysates
     Antibodies for TUBB
     See all of Abcam's Antibodies, Kits and Proteins for TUBB
     Custom Antibody / Protein Production Service
     Bulk Purchasing
     Advantages of Rabbit Monoclonal antibodies
     Abcam protocols and scientific support
     Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins




     Browse ELISAs, CLIAs, Proteins, and Antibodies at Uscn
     Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for TUBB
     Gene Synthesis
     Protein Engineering
     Variant Library Synthesis
     Codon Optimization
     Protein Production and Purification
     Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for TUBB
     SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmids for TUBB
     SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids for TUBB
     ThermoFisher Antibody for TUBB
     Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat TUBB
     inGenious Targeting Laboratory - Customizable classic, inducible, and humanized mouse model solutions for TUBB
    Sirion Biotech Customized:
     stable knockdown cell line services for TUBB
     inducible knockdown cell line services for TUBB
     design and validation of potent shRNA sequences against TUBB
     adenovirus for potent knockdown of TUBB
     adenovirus for overexpression of TUBB
     stable overexpressing cell line services for TUBB
     inducible overexpressing cell line services for TUBB
           
    GeneCards Homepage - Last full update: 19 Mar 2013 - Incrementals: 21 Mar 2013 , 15 Apr 2013 , 27 Apr 2013 , 14 May 2013

    View Random Gene

    Category
    VWF
    (GIFTS: 73)
    von Willebrand factor
    GIFtS Group
    The GeneCards human gene database gene index: 1 3 5 6 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 

    Developed at the Crown Human Genome Center, Department of Molecular Genetics, the Weizmann Institute of Science

    Copyright © 1996-2013 , Weizmann Institute of Science. All Rights Reserved.
    Hot genes      Disease genes      TUBB gene at Home site.
    hostname: 356977-web1.xennexinc.com index build: 106 solr: 1.4