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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

TUBA4A Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 60
GCID: GC02M220114

tubulin, alpha 4a

(Previous names: tubulin, alpha 1 (testis specific), tubulin, alpha 1 )
(Previous symbol: TUBA1)
 Explore 21 diseases affiliated with
TUBA4A via our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for TUBA4A
    

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Tubulin, Alpha 4a1 2     FLJ301691
TUBA11 2 3     Tubulin, Alpha 11
H2-ALPHA1 2     Tubulin Alpha-4A Chain2
Tubulin, Alpha 1 (Testis Specific)1 2     Alpha-Tubulin 13
Tubulin Alpha-1 Chain2 3     Testis-Specific Alpha-Tubulin3
Tubulin H2-Alpha2 3     

External Ids:    HGNC: 124071   Entrez Gene: 72772   Ensembl: ENSG000001278247   OMIM: 1911105   UniProtKB: P683663   

Export aliases for TUBA4A gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC02M219823 GC02M211967


(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for TUBA4A:
Microtubules of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton perform essential and diverse functions and are composed of a heterodimer
of alpha and beta tubulin. The genes encoding these microtubule constituents are part of the tubulin superfamily,
which is composed of six distinct families. Genes from the alpha, beta and gamma tubulin families are found in all
eukaryotes. The alpha and beta tubulins represent the major components of microtubules, while gamma tubulin plays a
critical role in the nucleation of microtubule assembly. There are multiple alpha and beta tubulin genes and they are
highly conserved among and between species. This gene encodes an alpha tubulin that is a highly conserved homolog of a
rat testis-specific alpha tubulin. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TBA4A_HUMAN, P68366
Function: Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on
the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain

summary for TUBA4A:
Microtubules are cylindrical tubes of 20-25 nm in diameter. They are composed of protofilaments which are in
turn composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin polymers. Each microtubule is polarized, at one end alpha-subunits
are exposed (-) and at the other beta-subunits are exposed (+). Microtubules act as a scaffold to determine
cell shape, and provide a backbone for cell organelles and vesicles to move on, a process that requires
motor proteins. The major microtubule motor proteins are kinesin, which generally moves towards the (+) end
of the microtubule, and dynein, which generally moves towards the (-) end. Microtubules also form the
spindle fibers for separating chromosomes during mitosis.

Gene Wiki entry for TUBA4A


(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000002.11  NC_018913.1  NT_005403.17  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the TUBA4A gene promoter:
         E2F-4   E2F-3a   E2F-5   E2F-1   Sp1   E2F   E2F-2   PPAR-gamma2   Evi-1   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmidTUBA4A promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for TUBA4A

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat TUBA4A


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 2q35   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  2q35   HGNC cytogenetic band: 2q36.1

TUBA4A Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
TUBA4A gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 2         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC02M220114:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
220,114,433 bp from pter      End:
220,142,892 bp from pter
Size:
28,460 bases      Orientation:
minus strand

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TBA4A_HUMAN, P68366 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Tubulin alpha-4A chain  
Size: 448 amino acids; 49924 Da
Subunit: Dimer of alpha and beta chains
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton
Miscellaneous: This tubulin does not have a C-terminal tyrosine
Secondary accessions: B3KNQ6 P05215

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for TUBA4A: NX_P68366

Post-translational modifications:

  • Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are polyglutamylated. This modification occurs exclusively on glutamate
  • residues and results in polyglutamate chains on the gamma-carboxyl group. Also monoglycylated but not polyglycylated
    due to the absence of functional TTLL10 in human. Monoglycylation is mainly limited to tubulin incorporated into
    axonemes (cilia and flagella) whereas glutamylation is prevalent in neuronal cells, centrioles, axonemes, and the
    mitotic spindle. Both modifications can coexist on the same protein on adjacent residues, and lowering glycylation
    levels increases polyglutamylation, and reciprocally. The precise function of such modifications is still unclear but
    they regulate the assembly and dynamics of axonemal microtubules (Probable)1
  • Acetylation of alpha chains at Lys-40 stabilizes microtubules and affects affinity and processivity of microtubule
  • motors. This modification has a role in multiple cellular functions, ranging from cell motility, cell cycle
    progression or cell differentiation to intracellular trafficking and signaling (By similarity)1
  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P68366

  • TUBA4A Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins: NP_005991.1  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000248437   ENSP00000375938   ENSP00000396212   ENSP00000408194   ENSP00000416992  
     ENSP00000396061   ENSP00000404740  
    Reactome Protein details: P68366
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    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/6 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 6):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005576extracellular region TAS--
    GO:0005737cytoplasm ----
    GO:0005829cytosol TAS--
    GO:0005874microtubule IDA--
    GO:0005881cytoplasmic microtubule ----


    TUBA4A for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    TUBA4A for domains           About GeneDecksing

    5/7 InterPro domains/families (see all 7):
     IPR002452 Alpha_tubulin
     IPR000217 Tubulin
     IPR003008 Tubulin_FtsZ_GTPase
     IPR023123 Tubulin_C
     IPR008280 Tub_FtsZ_C

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P68366

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: P68366

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TBA4A_HUMAN, P68366
    Similarity: Belongs to the tubulin family


    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TBA4A_HUMAN, P68366
    Function: Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on
    the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain

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    Gene Ontology (GO): 4 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0003924GTPase activity IEA--
    GO:0005198structural molecule activity IEA--
    GO:0005200structural constituent of cytoskeleton ----
    GO:0005525GTP binding IEA--


    TUBA4A for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    3 GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for TUBA4A:
     Decreased DCP1a protein expres  Decreased cell number, increas  Decreased viability of wild-ty 


    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/29 super-pathways (see all 29About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Recruitment of mitotic centrosome proteins and complexes
    Recruitment of mitotic centrosome proteins and complexes1.00
    Mitotic G2-G2/M phases0.81
    Centrosome maturation1.00
    Loss of proteins required for interphase microtubule organization from the centrosome0.78
    G2/M Transition0.83
    Loss of Nlp from mitotic centrosomes0.78
    2M Phase
    M Phase1.00
    Mitotic Anaphase0.85
    Mitotic M-M/G1 phases0.88
    Separation of Sister Chromatids0.80
    Mitotic Metaphase and Anaphase0.85
    3Axon guidance
    Axon guidance1.00
    L1CAM interactions0.39
    Developmental Biology0.69
    Recycling pathway of L10.15
    4Microtubule-dependent trafficking of connexons from Golgi to the plasma membrane
    Microtubule-dependent trafficking of connexons from Golgi to the plasma membrane1.00
    Post-chaperonin tubulin folding pathway0.67
    Transport of connexons to the plasma membrane0.93
    Recruitment of NuMA to mitotic centrosomes0.50
    5Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC
    Formation of tubulin folding intermediates by CCT/TriC1.00
    Prefoldin mediated transfer of substrate to CCT/TriC0.70
    Cooperation of Prefoldin and TriC/CCT in actin and tubulin folding0.74

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways

    5/9 EMD Millipore Pathways for TUBA4A (see all 9)
        Cytoskeleton remodeling Neurofilaments
    Cytoskeleton remodeling Slit-Robo signaling
    Cytoplasmic microtubules
    Cytoskeleton remodeling Reverse signaling by ephrin B
    Cytoskeleton remodeling Keratin filaments


    5/10 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for TUBA4A (see all 10)
        Proteolysis Role of Parkin in the Ubiquitin-Proteasomal Pathway
    Cell cycle Spindle assembly and chromosome separation
    Regulation of CFTR activity (norm and CF)
    Neurophysiological process Receptor-mediated axon growth repulsion
    Cytoskeleton remodeling Keratin filaments

    2 BioSystems Pathways for TUBA4A 
        Parkin-Ubiquitin Proteasomal System pathway
    Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection

    5/46        Reactome Pathways for TUBA4A (see all 46)
        L1CAM interactions
    Mitotic Prometaphase
    Membrane Trafficking
    Protein folding
    Recruitment of mitotic centrosome proteins and complexes


    3         Kegg Pathways  (Kegg details for TUBA4A):
        Phagosome
    Gap junction
    Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection


    TUBA4A for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for TUBA4A

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

    5/1034 Interacting proteins for TUBA4A (P683662, 3 ENSP000002484374) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 1034)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    UCHL5Q9Y5K52, 3, ENSP000003564254MINT-4050722 MINT-7945693 MINT-7947479 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000356425
    PLK1P533502, 3, ENSP000003000934MINT-7945693 MINT-7947479 I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000300093
    TCP1P179872, 3, ENSP000003173344MINT-7945693 MINT-7947479 I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000317334
    PSMC2P359982, 3MINT-4050722 MINT-7945693 MINT-7947479 I2D: score=1 
    PSMC3P179802, 3MINT-4050722 MINT-7945693 MINT-7947479 I2D: score=1 
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/11 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 11):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0000086G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle TAS--
    GO:0000226microtubule cytoskeleton organization ----
    GO:0000278mitotic cell cycle TAS--
    GO:0002576platelet degranulation TAS--
    GO:0006457protein folding TAS--


    TUBA4A for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section
    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Compounds for TUBA4A available from Tocris Bioscience    About this table
    CompoundAction CAS #
    XRP44XRas-Net pathway inhibitor[729605-21-4]
    TaxolPromotes assembly and inhibits disassembly of microtubules[33069-62-4]
    Vincristine sulfateDisrupts microtubules[2068-78-2]
    Vinblastine sulfateDisrupts microtubules[143-67-9]
    NocodazoleMicrotubule inhibitor[31430-18-9]

    1 HMDB Compound for TUBA4A    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #PubMed Ids
    Guanosine triphosphate5'-GTP (see all 10)86-01-1--

    5 DrugBank Compounds for TUBA4A    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #TypeActionsPubMed Ids
    Podofilox-- 477-47-4targetinhibitor1411635 20979080 20814887 20810285 19286405 20657644
    Vincristine22-Oxovincaleukoblastine (see all 12)57-22-7targetinhibitor11168494 20691709 20442307
    Epothilone BEPO 906 (see all 3)152044-54-7target--17139284 17016423
    Epothilone D-- 189453-10-9target--17139284 17016423
    Cabazitaxel-- 183133-96-2targetbinder--

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about TUBA4A / TBA4A 

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
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    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section

    REFSEQ mRNAs for TUBA4A gene: 
    NM_006000.1  

    Unigene Cluster for TUBA4A:

    Tubulin, alpha 4a
    Hs.75318  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: AK054731
    10 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000248437(uc002vkt.1) ENST00000392088(uc010zkz.1) ENST00000498660
    ENST00000398989 ENST00000427737 ENST00000456818 ENST00000447205 ENST00000462806
    ENST00000475683 ENST00000425551

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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AK054731.1 AK299958.1 BC009238.2 BC018854.2 BT006731.1 

    21 DOTS entries:

    DT.100810985  DT.95119848  DT.118885  DT.100810991  DT.121017611  DT.100810992  DT.95258481  DT.121017614 
    DT.100810987  DT.121017682  DT.91768481  DT.100810984  DT.100810990  DT.121017583  DT.121017618  DT.86845545 
    DT.121017490  DT.121017629  DT.91724808  DT.120658537  DT.120697624 

    24/486 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 486):

    CA419818 BM993997 AL533290 AJ346123 BP366721 CA442729 BM543121 F28987 
    BQ638436 F08361 F25814 H25245 BM790051 F29341 F19414 CF141351 
    BQ687054 CR626582 BF797239 CR609291 BG758168 BQ054375 CB153748 CB153930 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    3 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for TUBA4A    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4a · 4b · 4c ^ 5a · 5b
    SP1:        -                                       
    SP2:                                                
    SP3:                                                


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for TUBA4A

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    TUBA4A expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: GAGGAGGGTG

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)

    About this image

    TUBA4A expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    4 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells 
    Tissue Anatomical Compartment CellCategory (developmental path)
    Extraembryonic MesodermExtraembryonic Capillary PlexusExtraembryonic AngioblastsEndothelium
    OvaryPrimary FolliclePrimary OocyteFemale Gametocytes, Germ Cells
    Skeletal MuscleHyoid Arch MusclesMuscle Progenitor CellsSkeletal Muscle
    Skeletal MuscleMandibular Arch MusclesMuscle Progenitor CellsSkeletal Muscle
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization
    Stem Cell Differentiation: 4 LifeMap Cells 
    NameCategory
    PureStem™ progenitor T36 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)
    ES04(HES-4) (Embryonic Stem Cell)Early Embryo, Inner Cell Mass
    Line H9 (WA09) (Embryonic Stem Cell)Early Embryo, Inner Cell Mass
    Cardiomyocyte-like cells (Spontaneous differen...)

    See TUBA4A Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for TUBA4A

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.75318
        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Array including TUBA4A: 
              Gap Junctions in human mouse rat

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    In Situ
    Assay Products:
     

     
    Search Advanced Cell Diagnostics for RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for TUBA4A

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section

    This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

    Orthologs for TUBA4A gene from 6/22 species (see all 22)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification
    Gene Description Human
    Similarity
    Orthology
    Type
    Details
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)
    Aves LOC1008572471 tubulin alpha-5 chain-like 87.47(n)
    97.54(a)
      100857247  XM_003641644.1  XP_003641692.1 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)
    Reptilia TUBA4A6
    --
    --
    96(a)
    100(a)
    1 ↔ 1
    possible ortholog
    1(95727087-95730292)
    GL343198.1(2625261-2625557)
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)
    Actinopterygii tuba8l21 tubulin, alpha 8 like 2 82.59(n)
    94.64(a)
      393664  NM_200691.1  NP_956985.1 
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)
    Secernentea mec-126
    Tubulin alpha-3 chain
    90(a)
    possible ortholog
    III(3131566-3139213)
    thale cress
    (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    eudicotyledons TUA66
    TUA26
    (see all 6)
    tubulin alpha-2/alpha-4 chain
    (see all 6)
    82(a)
    82(a)
    (see all 6)
    possible ortholog
    possible ortholog
    (see all 6)
    4(8548492-8550453)
    1(18517586-18520000)
    rice
    (Oryza sativa)
    Liliopsida Os.217622 O.sativa mRNA for alpha-tubulin (clone OSTA-136) 79.58(n)    AK102560.1 


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for TUBA4A (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for TUBA4A (if available) 

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for TUBA4A gene
    TUBA3C2  TUBA1C2  TUBA3D2  TUBA1B2  TUBAL32  TUBA1A2  TUBA3E2  TUBA82  
    18/29 SIMAP similar genes for TUBA4A using alignment to 7 protein entries:     TBA4A_HUMAN (see all proteins) (see all similar genes):
    TUBA2    TUBA3C    TUBA3D    TUBA3E    TUBA1    TUBA1A
    TUBA1C    TUBA1B    TUBA4B    TUBA8    DKFZp686L04275    TUBAL3
    MGC16703    TUBB2A    TUBB2B    TUBB6    TUBB3    TUBB4Q

    TUBA4A for paralogs           About GeneDecksing


    5/9 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for TUBA4A (see all 9)
    PGOHUM00000242759 PGOHUM00000239767 PGOHUM00000239052 PGOHUM00000240390 PGOHUM00000250484


    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/98 NCBI SNPs in TUBA4A are shown (see all 98    About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance
    Chr 2 posSequence#AA
    Chg
    TypeMore#Allele
    freq
    PopTotal
    sample
    More
    ----------
    rs115563481,2
    C--211969736(-) GGAGGG/TGACGA 1 -- us2k1 ese31Minor allele frequency- T:0.00NA 2
    rs605000761,2
    C,--211969987(+) GGAGGG/CTTGGG 1 -- us2k12Minor allele frequency- C:0.04WA 120
    rs455760411,2
    C,F,--211970179(-) GGGGGC/G/TGCCTC 1 -- us2k16NS WA 170
    rs456170401,2
    C,F--211970184(-) GTGGGG/TGGGGG 1 -- us2k16Minor allele frequency- T:0.03NS WA 182
    rs596233141,2
    C,--211970227(+) TAGAAT/CTCATA 1 -- us2k12Minor allele frequency- C:0.04WA 120
    rs787698421,2
    C,F,--211970253(+) TTCTTT/CCCTGT 1 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- C:0.09WA 118
    rs729554591,2
    C,F,--211970343(+) AAATCC/TCATCT 1 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- T:0.05NA 120
    rs1998086111,2
    C--211971002(-) GAACCA/CCCCCC 1 -- nc-transcript-variant0--------
    rs454680951,2
    C,--211971395(-) GGGCGT/CTCCGG 1 -- int15Minor allele frequency- C:0.01NS 160
    rs129886891,2
    H--211971631(+) AGAGGC/ATGGGC 1 -- int14Minor allele frequency- A:0.00NS EA 418

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for TUBA4A (220114433 - 220142892 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
          Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for TUBA4A: --

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
    QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing TUBA4A
    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for TUBA4A

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    TUBA4A for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 191110    OMIM disorders: --

    20/21 diseases for TUBA4A (see all 21):    About MalaCards
    adenomatous polyposis coli    esophageal squamous cell carcinoma    squamous cell carcinoma    tuberous sclerosis
    fanconi's anemia    myocardial infarction    polyposis    lissencephaly
    colon adenocarcinoma    anemia    hepatocellular carcinoma    esophagitis
    carcinoma    breast carcinoma    lung cancer    adenocarcinoma
    breast cancer    immunodeficiency    malaria    prostatitis

    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: TUBA4A (1 document)

    Export disorders for TUBA4A gene to outside databases

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for TUBA4A gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 143) (see top 10):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with TUBA4A)
        Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)1, 2 Ota T.... Sugano S. (2004)
    2. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    3. Alternative 5' exons either provide or deny an initiator methionine codon to the same alpha-tubulin coding region. (PubMed id 3029670)1, 2 Dobner P.R.... Villa-Komaroff L. (1987)
    4. Six mouse alpha-tubulin mRNAs encode five distinct isotypes: testis- specific expression of two sister genes. (PubMed id 3785200)1, 3 Villasante A.... Cowan N.J. (1986)
    5. A high-throughput approach for measuring temporal chan ges in the interactome. (PubMed id 22863883)1 Kristensen A.R....Foster L.J. (2012)
    6. Host cell interactome of HIV-1 Rev includes RNA helica ses involved in multiple facets of virus production. (PubMed id 22174317)1 Naji S....Gerace L. (2012)
    7. A census of human soluble protein complexes. (PubMed id 22939629)1 Havugimana P.C....Emili A. (2012)
    8. The interaction between ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolas e 37 and glucose-regulated protein 78 in hepatocellular carcinoma. (PubMed id 21800051)1 Fang Y....Shen X. (2012)
    9. Methods for quantification of in vivo changes in prote in ubiquitination following proteasome and deubiquitinase inhibition. (PubMed id 22505724)1 Udeshi N.D....Carr S.A. (2012)
    10. Proteomic analysis identifies dysfunction in cellular transport, energy, and protein metabolism in different brain regions of atypical frontotemporal lobar degeneration. (PubMed id 22360420)1 Martins-de-Souza D....Bahn S. (2012)
    11. Initial characterization of the human central proteome. (PubMed id 21269460)2 Burkard T.R.... Colinge J. (2011)
    12. Postmortem proteomic analysis in human amygdala of dr ug addicts: possible impact of tubulin on drug-abusing behavior. (PubMed id 20686780)1 Zill P....Bondy B. (2011)
    13. A data set of human endogenous protein ubiquitination sites. (PubMed id 20972266)1 Shi Y....Qin J. (2011)
    14. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-associated KIAA0101/PAF15 protein is a cell cycle-regulated anaphase-promoting complex/cyc losome substrate. (PubMed id 21628590)1 Emanuele M.J....Elledge S.J. (2011)
    15. Ubiquitin ligase substrate identification through qua ntitative proteomics at both the protein and peptide levels. (PubMed id 21987572)1 Lee K.A....Doedens J.R. (2011)
    16. A proteome-wide, quantitative survey of in vivo ubiqui tylation sites reveals widespread regulatory roles. (PubMed id 21890473)1 Wagner S.A....Choudhary C. (2011)
    17. Proteomic dissection of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) i nteractome. (PubMed id 21942715)1 Lai Y....Shiio Y. (2011)
    18. Systematic and quantitative assessment of the ubiquiti n-modified proteome. (PubMed id 21906983)1 Kim W....Gygi S.P. (2011)
    19. Huwe1, a novel cellular interactor of Gag-Pol through integrase binding, negatively influences HIV-1 infectivity. (PubMed id 21167302)1 Yamamoto S.P....Suzuki Y. (2011)
    20. Mass spectrometric analysis of lysine ubiquitylation r eveals promiscuity at site level. (PubMed id 21139048)1 Danielsen J.M....Nielsen M.L. (2011)
    21. Identification of FBXO25-interacting proteins using an integrated proteomics approach. (PubMed id 20473970)1 Teixeira F.R.... Gomes M.D. (2010)
    22. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of the f irst podophyllotoxin analogues as potential vascular-disrupting agents. (PubMed id 20979080)7 LabruA"re R....Giorgi-Renault S. (2010)
    23. Dynamics of cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase network revea led by systematic quantitative proteomics. (PubMed id 21145461)1 Bennett E.J....Harper J.W. (2010)
    24. Dynamic subunit exchange and the regulation of microt ubule assembly by the stress response protein human alphaB crystallin. (PubMed id 20668689)1 Houck S.A. and Clark J.I. (2010)
    25. The role of height-associated loci identified in geno me wide association studies in the determination of pediatric stature. (PubMed id 20546612)1 Zhao J....Grant S.F. (2010)
    26. Live cell imaging of micronucleus formation and devel opment. (PubMed id 20691709)7 Yasui M....Honma M. (2010)
    27. Competitive mass spectrometry binding assay for chara cterization of three binding sites of tubulin. (PubMed id 20814887)7 Li C.M....Dalton J.T. (2010)
    28. A screen for kinetochore-microtubule interaction inhi bitors identifies novel antitubulin compounds. (PubMed id 20657644)7 Screpanti E....De Wulf P. (2010)
    29. Microtubule dynamics, mitotic arrest, and apoptosis: drug-induced differential effects of betaIII-tubulin. (PubMed id 20442307)7 Gan P.P....Kavallaris M. (2010)
    30. Structure-based virtual screening of novel tubulin in hibitors and their characterization as anti-mitotic agents. (PubMed id 20810285)7 Kim N.D....Kim K.H. (2010)
    31. An integrated workflow for charting the human interac tion proteome: insights into the PP2A system. (PubMed id 19156129)1 Glatter T....Gstaiger M. (2009)
    32. Evolutionary divergence of enzymatic mechanisms for posttranslational polyglycylation. (PubMed id 19524510)2 Rogowski K....Janke C. (2009)
    33. TLR8-dependent TNF-(alpha) overexpression in Fanconi anemia group C cells. (PubMed id 19850743)1 Vanderwerf S.M....Bagby G.C. (2009)
    34. Applying linear interaction energy method for binding affinity calculations of podophyllotoxin analogues with tubulin using continuu m solvent model and prediction of cytotoxic activity. (PubMed id 19286405)7 Alam M.A. and Naik P.K. (2009)
    35. Toward a confocal subcellular atlas of the human proteome. (PubMed id 18029348)1 Barbe L....Andersson-Svahn H. (2008)
    36. Susceptibility to virus-cell fusion at the plasma membrane is reduced through expression of HIV gp41 cytoplasmic domains. (PubMed id 18400243)1 Malinowsky K....Dittmar M.T. (2008)
    37. Many sequence variants affecting diversity of adult human height. (PubMed id 18391951)1 Gudbjartsson D.F....Stefansson K. (2008)
    38. Phosphoproteome of resting human platelets. (PubMed id 18088087)2 Zahedi R.P.... Sickmann A. (2008)
    39. Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle. (PubMed id 18691976)2 Daub H.... Mann M. (2008)
    40. A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. (PubMed id 18669648)2 Dephoure N.... Gygi S.P. (2008)
    41. Modulation of microtubule assembly by the HIV-1 Tat protein is strongly dependent on zinc binding to Tat. (PubMed id 18613978)1 Egele C....Mely Y. (2008)
    42. Large-scale identification of c-MYC-associated proteins using a combined TAP/MudPIT approach. (PubMed id 17314511)1 Koch H.B....Hermeking H. (2007)
    43. Functional specialization of beta-arrestin interactions revealed by proteomic analysis. (PubMed id 17620599)1 Xiao K....Lefkowitz R.J. (2007)
    44. Requirement for an intact T-cell actin and tubulin cytoskeleton for efficient assembly and spread of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. (PubMed id 17360745)1 Jolly C....Sattentau Q.J. (2007)
    45. Inhibitory effect of HIV-1 Tat protein on the sodium-D-glucose symporter of human intestinal epithelial cells. (PubMed id 16327313)1 Canani R.B....Guarino A. (2006)
    46. The PITSLRE/CDK11p58 protein kinase promotes centrosome maturation and bipolar spindle formation. (PubMed id 16462731)1 Petretti C....Giet R. (2006)
    47. Tubulin nitration in human gliomas. (PubMed id 16257120)1 Fiore G....d'Ischia M. (2006)
    48. How many drug targets are there? (PubMed id 17139284)7 Overington J.P....Hopkins A.L. (2006)
    49. Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of dru g targets. (PubMed id 17016423)7 Imming P....Meyer A. (2006)
    50. Dynamic profiling of the post-translational modificat ions and interaction partners of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling aft er stimulation by epidermal growth factor using Extended Range Proteomic Analys is (ERPA). (PubMed id 16799092)1 Wu S.L....Karger B.L. (2006)
    51. HIV-1 Tat, apoptosis and the mitochondria: a tubulin link? (PubMed id 15698476)1 Giacca M. (2005)
    52. MYND domain specific interaction of the melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 interacting zinc-finger protein with alpha- and beta-tubulin. (PubMed id 16039987)1 Francke F....Bachner D. (2005)
    53. Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. (PubMed id 15592455)1 Rush J.... Comb M.J. (2005)
    54. HIV-1 Tat protein enhances microtubule polymerization. (PubMed id 15691386)1 de Mareuil J....Loret E.P. (2005)
    55. A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome. (PubMed id 16169070)1 Stelzl U.... Wanker E.E. (2005)
    56. Phosphotyrosine proteomic study of interferon alpha signaling pathway using a combination of immunoprecipitation and immobilized metal affinity chromatography. (PubMed id 15659558)1 Zheng H....Wang Y.K. (2005)
    57. Proteomic analysis of SRm160-containing complexes reveals a conserved association with cohesin. (PubMed id 16159877)1 McCracken S....Blencowe B.J. (2005)
    58. Histone deacetylase 6 regulates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. (PubMed id 16148047)1 Valenzuela-Fernandez A....Sanchez-Madrid F. (2005)
    59. Protein tyrosine nitration in rat brain is associated with raft proteins, flotillin-1 and alpha-tubulin: effect of biological aging. (PubMed id 15934946)1 Dremina E.S....Schoneich C. (2005)
    60. Protein 4.1R, a microtubule-associated protein involved in microtubule aster assembly in mammalian mitotic extract. (PubMed id 15184364)1 Huang S.C....Benz E.J. (2004)
    61. Characterization of the proteins released from activated platelets leads to localization of novel platelet proteins in human atherosclerotic lesions. (PubMed id 14630798)1 Coppinger J.A....Maguire P.B. (2004)
    62. Selective contribution of eukaryotic prefoldin subunits to actin and tubulin binding. (PubMed id 14634002)1 Simons C.T....Cowan N.J. (2004)
    63. MARK4 is a novel microtubule-associated proteins/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase that binds to the cellular microtubule network and to centrosomes. (PubMed id 14594945)1 Trinczek B....Drewes G. (2004)
    64. Proteomic, functional, and domain-based analysis of in vivo 14-3-3 binding proteins involved in cytoskeletal regulation and cellular organization. (PubMed id 15324660)1 Jin J....Pawson T. (2004)
    65. Co-purification and localization of Munc18-1 (p67) and Cdk5 with neuronal cytoskeletal proteins. (PubMed id 12963086)1 Bhaskar K....Shetty K.T. (2004)
    66. Phosphoproteomic analysis of the developing mouse brain. (PubMed id 15345747)1 Ballif B.A.... Gygi S.P. (2004)
    67. The glutamine-rich region of the HIV-1 Tat protein is involved in T-cell apoptosis. (PubMed id 15331610)1 Campbell G.R....Loret E.P. (2004)
    68. HIV-1-mediated apoptosis of neuronal cells: Proximal molecular mechanisms of HIV-1-induced encephalopathy. (PubMed id 15103018)1 Xu Y....Pomerantz R.J. (2004)
    69. Functional variation in LGALS2 confers risk of myocardial infarction and regulates lymphotoxin-alpha secretion in vitro. (PubMed id 15129282)1 Ozaki K....Tanaka T. (2004)
    70. Chromosome 13q12 encoded Rho GTPase activating protein suppresses growth of breast carcinoma cells, and yeast two-hybrid screen shows its interaction with several proteins. (PubMed id 14697242)1 Nagaraja G.M. and Kandpal R.P. (2004)
    71. Polo-like kinase 1 regulates Nlp, a centrosome protein involved in microtubule nucleation. (PubMed id 12852856)1 Casenghi M....Nigg E.A. (2003)
    72. The human Sir2 ortholog, SIRT2, is an NAD+-dependent tubulin deacetylase. (PubMed id 12620231)1 North B.J.... Verdin E. (2003)
    73. Parkin binds to alpha/beta tubulin and increases their ubiquitination and degradation. (PubMed id 12716939)1 Ren Y....Feng J. (2003)
    74. The prostate-derived sterile 20-like kinase (PSK) regulates microtubule organization and stability. (PubMed id 12639963)1 Mitsopoulos C.... Morris J.D. (2003)
    75. Identification of alpha-tubulin as an hsp105alpha-binding protein by the yeast two-hybrid system. (PubMed id 12749852)1 Saito Y....Hatayama T. (2003)
    76. Activating signal cointegrator 2 belongs to a novel steady-state complex that contains a subset of trithorax group proteins. (PubMed id 12482968)1 Goo Y.-H....Lee J.W. (2003)
    77. Rab8B GTPase and junction dynamics in the testis. (PubMed id 12639940)1 Lau A.S. and Mruk D.D. (2003)
    78. Increased levels of tyrosinated alpha-, beta(III)-, and beta(IV)-tubulin isotypes in paclitaxel-resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells. (PubMed id 12054644)1 Banerjee A. (2002)
    79. CRMP-2 binds to tubulin heterodimers to promote microtubule assembly. (PubMed id 12134159)1 Fukata Y....Kaibuchi K. (2002)
    80. HDAC6 is a microtubule-associated deacetylase. (PubMed id 12024216)1 Hubbert C.... Yao T.-P. (2002)
    81. Structural requirements for the recruitment of Gaa1 into a functional glycosylphosphatidylinositol transamidase complex. (PubMed id 12052837)1 Vainauskas S....Menon A.K. (2002)
    82. Interaction between metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 and alpha tubulin. (PubMed id 11953448)1 Saugstad J.A....Conn P.J. (2002)
    83. Identification of Ca2+-dependent binding partners for the neuronal calcium sensor protein neurocalcin delta: interaction with actin, clathrin and tubulin. (PubMed id 11964161)1 Ivings L....Burgoyne R.D. (2002)
    84. Subcellular localization of the BRCA1 gene product in mitotic cells. (PubMed id 12353262)1 Lotti L.V....Mariani-Costantini R. (2002)
    85. Centrosomal proteins CG-NAP and kendrin provide microtubule nucleation sites by anchoring gamma-tubulin ring complex. (PubMed id 12221128)1 Takahashi M....Ono Y. (2002)
    86. Tubulin is an inherent component of mitochondrial membranes that interacts with the voltage-dependent anion channel. (PubMed id 12087096)1 Carre M....Braguer D. (2002)
    87. Nogo-A expression in mature oligodendrocytes of rat spinal cord in association with specific molecules. (PubMed id 12377379)1 Taketomi M....Ide C. (2002)
    88. HIV-1 Tat targets microtubules to induce apoptosis, a process promoted by the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 relative Bim. (PubMed id 12486001)1 Chen D....Zhou Q. (2002)
    89. Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. (PubMed id 12477932)1 Strausberg R.L....Marra M.A. (2002)
    90. The tubulin fraternity: alpha to eta. (PubMed id 11163133)1 Dutcher S.K. (2001)
    91. Differential binding regulation of microtubule-associated proteins MAP1A, MAP1B, and MAP2 by tubulin polyglutamylation. (PubMed id 11278895)1 Bonnet C....Larcher J.C. (2001)
    92. Role of MgcRacGAP/Cyk4 as a regulator of the small GTPase Rho family in cytokinesis and cell differentiation. (PubMed id 11942621)1 Kitamura T....Nosaka T. (2001)
    93. Binding of the adenomatous polyposis coli protein to microtubules increases microtubule stability and is regulated by GSK3 beta phosphorylation. (PubMed id 11166179)1 Zumbrunn J....Nathke I.S. (2001)
    94. Chloride intracellular channel protein CLIC4 (p64H1) binds directly to brain dynamin I in a complex containing actin, tubulin and 14-3-3 isoforms. (PubMed id 11563969)1 Suginta W....Ashley R.H. (2001)
    95. An abundance of tubulins. (PubMed id 11121746)1 Oakley B.R. (2000)
    96. The centrosomal protein C-Nap1 is required for cell cycle-regulated centrosome cohesion. (PubMed id 11076968)1 Mayor T....Nigg E.A. (2000)
    97. HIV-1 rev depolymerizes microtubules to form stable bilayered rings. (PubMed id 10908577)1 Watts N.R....Steven A.C. (2000)
    98. SIAH-1 interacts with alpha-tubulin and degrades the kinesin Kid by the proteasome pathway during mitosis. (PubMed id 11146551)1 Germani A.... Calvo F. (2000)
    99. Association between the calcium-binding protein calretinin and cytoskeletal components in the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line WiDr. (PubMed id 10942575)1 Marilley D. and Schwaller B. (2000)
    100. Selective toxicity of vincristine against chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro. (PubMed id 11168494)7 Vilpo J.A....Vilpo L.M. (2000)
    101. Alf1p, a CLIP-170 domain-containing protein, is functionally and physically associated with alpha-tubulin. (PubMed id 9885248)1 Feierbach B....Stearns T. (1999)
    102. Identification of a domain in guanylyl cyclase-activating protein 1 that interacts with a complex of guanylyl cyclase and tubulin in photoreceptors. (PubMed id 10037711)1 Schrem A....Koch K.W. (1999)
    103. Association of polo-like kinase with alpha-, beta- and gamma-tubulins in a stable complex. (PubMed id 10191277)1 Feng Y....Ferris D.K. (1999)
    104. Tubulin and FtsZ structures: functional and therapeutic implications. (PubMed id 9722999)1 Desai A. and Mitchison T.J. (1998)
    105. Characterization of the microtubule-binding domain of microtubule-associated protein 1A and its effects on microtubule dynamics. (PubMed id 9593747)1 Vaillant A.R....Brown D.L. (1998)
    106. The microtubule-associated protein tau cross-links to two distinct sites on each alpha and beta tubulin monomer via separate domains. (PubMed id 9922135)1 Chau M.F....Feinstein S.C. (1998)
    107. Tubulin subunits exist in an activated conformational state generated and maintained by protein cofactors. (PubMed id 9265649)1 Tian G....Cowan N.J. (1997)
    108. Functionally distinct isoforms of dynactin are expressed in human neurons. (PubMed id 8856662)1 Tokito M.K.... Holzbaur E.L.F. (1996)
    109. Syk, activated by cross-linking the B-cell antigen receptor, localizes to the cytosol where it interacts with and phosphorylates alpha-tubulin on tyrosine. (PubMed id 8617742)1 Peters J.D....Geahlen R.L. (1996)
    110. The Ras-related GTPase Rac1 binds tubulin. (PubMed id 8631991)1 Best A....Lim L. (1996)
    111. The N-terminal domain of c-Myc associates with alpha-tubulin and microtubules in vivo and in vitro. (PubMed id 7651436)1 Alexandrova N....Zajac-Kaye M. (1995)
    112. Cell cycle regulation of the activity and subcellular localization of Plk1, a human protein kinase implicated in mitotic spindle function. (PubMed id 7790358)1 Golsteyn R.M....Nigg E.A. (1995)
    113. Golgi retention mechanism of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase. Membrane-spanning domain-dependent homodimerization and association with alpha- and beta-tubulins. (PubMed id 7744867)1 Yamaguchi N. and Fukuda M.N. (1995)
    114. The p150Glued component of the dynactin complex binds to both microtubules and the actin-related protein centractin (Arp-1). (PubMed id 7878030)1 Waterman-Storer C.M....Holzbaur E.L. (1995)
    115. Interactions between the protein-tyrosine kinase ZAP-70, the proto-oncoprotein Vav, and tubulin in Jurkat T cells. (PubMed id 8530437)1 Huby R.D....Ley S.C. (1995)
    116. Human T lymphocyte activation induces tyrosine phosphorylation of alpha-tubulin and its association with the SH2 domain of the p59fyn protein tyrosine kinase. (PubMed id 8566014)1 Marie-Cardine A....Schraven B. (1995)
    117. In vitro analysis of microtubule assembly of isotypically pure tubulin dimers. Intrinsic differences in the assembly properties of alpha beta II, alpha beta III, and alpha beta IV tubulin dimers in the absence of microtubule-associated proteins. (PubMed id 8294455)1 Lu Q. and Luduena R.F. (1994)
    118. Characterization of a 50-kDa polypeptide in cytoplasmic dynein preparations reveals a complex with p150GLUED and a novel actin. (PubMed id 8325901)1 Paschal B.M....Vallee R.B. (1993)
    119. Clinical pharmacology and schedule dependency of the podophyllotoxin derivatives. (PubMed id 1411635)7 Clark P.I. (1992)
    120. The 93-kDa glycine receptor-associated protein binds to tubulin. (PubMed id 1657993)1 Kirsch J....Betz H. (1991)
    121. Structural features and restricted expression of a human alpha- tubulin gene. (PubMed id 3839072)1 Hall J.L. and Cowan N.J. (1985)
    122. Characterization of the proteins of isolated human platelet alpha-granules. Evidence for a separate alpha-granule-pool of the glycoproteins IIb and IIIa. (PubMed id 6457647)1 Gogstad G.O....Solum N.O. (1981)
    123. Protein levels of alpha1-tubulin, protein disulfide isomerase, tropomyosins and vimentin are regulated by the tuberous sclerosis gene products. (PubMed id 15183538)9 Hengstschlager M....Lubec G. (2004)
    124. Mutations in alpha-tubulin cause abnormal neuronal migration in mice and lissencephaly in humans. (PubMed id 17218254)9 Keays D.A....Flint J. (2007)
    125. Immature corticospinal neurons respond to axotomy with changes in tubulin gene expression. (PubMed id 8457896)9 Kost S.A. and Oblinger M.M. (1993)
    126. Molecular cloning of three rice alpha-tubulin isotypes: differential expression in tissues and during flower development. (PubMed id 9375785)9 Qin X....Breviario D. (1997)
    127. Decortication and striatal mRNA: increases of mRNA for fibronectin, but not of NCAM or alpha-1 tubulin. (PubMed id 1421087)9 Popa-Wagner A....Pasinetti G.M. (1992)
    128. Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the human tubulin alpha 1 (testis specific) gene (TUBA1). (PubMed id 1852622)9 Todd S. and Naylor S.L. (1991)
    129. Determination of insoluble avian eggshell matrix prot eins. (PubMed id 19998026)9 MiksA-k I....Eckhardt A. (2010)
    130. Neuropathological phenotype of a distinct form of lissencephaly associated with mutations in TUBA1A. (PubMed id 18669490)9 Fallet-Bianco C....Francis F. (2008)
    131. Molecular and morphological heterogeneity of neural precursors in the mouse neocortical proliferative zones. (PubMed id 16421324)9 Gal J.S....Haydar T.F. (2006)
    132. Targeting brain stem centers of cardiovascular control using adenoviral vectors: impact of promoters on transgene expression. (PubMed id 15561757)9 Lonergan T....Kasparov S. (2005)
    133. Identification by means of cDNA microarray analyses of gene expression modifications in squamous non-small cell lung cancers as compared to normal bronchial epithelial tissue. (PubMed id 15586247)9 Remmelink M....Decaestecker C. (2005)
    134. Comparative proteomic analysis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (PubMed id 15986332)9 Qi Y....He Q.Y. (2005)
    135. Selectivity of protein carbonylation in the apoptotic response to oxidative stress associated with photodynamic therapy: a cell biochemical and proteomic investigation. (PubMed id 15088069)9 Magi B....Di Stefano A. (2004)

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    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 7277 HGNC: 12407 AceView: TUBA1 Ensembl:ENSG00000127824 euGenes: HUgn7277
    ECgene: TUBA4A Kegg: 7277 H-InvDB: TUBA4A

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
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    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for TUBA4A Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
    NIEHS-SNPshttp://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/tuba1/
    Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubulin

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
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    Patent Information for TUBA4A gene:
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