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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

TSPY1 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 48
GCID: GC0YP009304

testis specific protein, Y-linked 1

(Previous names: testis specific protein, Y-linked )
(Previous symbol: TSPY)
 Explore 25 diseases affiliated with
TSPY1 via our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for TSPY1
    

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Testis Specific Protein, Y-Linked 11 2     Testis Specific Protein, Y-Linked1
TSPY1 2 3 5     DYS142
CT781 2 3     PJA9231
Cancer/Testis Antigen 782 3     Testis-Specific Y-Encoded Protein 12

External Ids:    HGNC: 123811   Entrez Gene: 72582   Ensembl: ENSG000002589927   OMIM: 4801005   UniProtKB: Q015343   

Export aliases for TSPY1 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC0YP008919 GC0YP009898


(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for TSPY1:
The protein encoded by this gene is found only in testicular tissue and may be involved in spermatogenesis.
Approximately 35 copies of this gene are present in humans, but only a single, nonfunctional orthologous gene is found
in mouse. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. (provided by RefSeq, Oct
2010)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TSPY1_HUMAN, Q01534
Function: May be involved in sperm differentiation and proliferation

Gene Wiki entry for TSPY1


(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000024.9  NT_011878.9  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the TSPY1 gene promoter:
         AREB6   p53   POU3F1   Cart-1   POU3F2 (N-Oct-5a)   POU3F2 (N-Oct-5b)   ZIC2/Zic2   ZID   POU3F2   Evi-1   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmidTSPY1 promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for TSPY1

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat TSPY1


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: Yp11.2   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  Yp11.2   HGNC cytogenetic band: Yp11.2

TSPY1 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
TSPY1 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome Y         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC0YP009304:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
9,236,076 bp from pter      End:
9,307,358 bp from pter
Size:
71,283 bases      Orientation:
plus strand

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TSPY1_HUMAN, Q01534 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Testis-specific Y-encoded protein 1  
Size: 308 amino acids; 35012 Da
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Note=Predominantly cytoplasmic. Also found in nucleus
Developmental stage: Detected in 22-week old testis
Sequence caution: Sequence=AAA36570.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended;
Sequence=AAA61238.1; Type=Miscellaneous discrepancy; Note=Probable unspliced transcript; Sequence=CAA29640.1;
Type=Miscellaneous discrepancy; Note=Sequence of unknown origin inserted in the coding sequence; Sequence=X74029;
Type=Frameshift; Positions=Several;
Secondary accessions: A6NJD2 O00216 P09002 Q0VAD3 Q9UNN7
Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms:  Q01534-1   Q01534-2   

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for TSPY1: NX_Q01534

Post-translational modifications:

  • Phosphorylated1
  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q01534

  • TSPY1 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: --
    REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_001184171.1  NP_003299.2  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000403304   ENSP00000389324  

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    Uscn Proteins for TSPY1

    Gene Ontology (GO): 3 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005575cellular_component ND--
    GO:0005634nucleus IEA--
    GO:0005737cytoplasm IEA--


    TSPY1 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    TSPY1 for domains           About GeneDecksing

    1 InterPro domain/family:
     IPR002164 NAP_family

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q01534

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q01534

    1 Blocks protein family: IPB002164 Nucleosome assembly protein (NAP)

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TSPY1_HUMAN, Q01534
    Similarity: Belongs to the nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) family


    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TSPY1_HUMAN, Q01534
    Function: May be involved in sperm differentiation and proliferation
    Induction: Up-regulated by androgen in a prostate cancer cell line

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    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0003674molecular_function ND--
    GO:0005515protein binding IPI18649364


    TSPY1 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    Animal Models:
         1 MGI mutant phenotype (inferred from 2 alleles(MGI details for Tspy-ps):
     muscle 

    TSPY1 for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section



    Interactions:

        Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for TSPY1

    5/6 Interacting proteins for TSPY1 (Q015341, 3) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 6)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    CSNK2A1P684003I2D: score=2 
    EEF1A1P681043I2D: score=2 
    EEF1A2Q056393I2D: score=1 
    HIST2H2ACQ167773I2D: score=1 
    HIST2H2BEQ167783I2D: score=1 
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/6 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 6):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0006334nucleosome assembly IEA--
    GO:0007283spermatogenesis IEA--
    GO:0007506gonadal mesoderm development IEA--
    GO:0007548sex differentiation TAS1284595
    GO:0008283cell proliferation TAS8923009


    TSPY1 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    TSPY1 for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for TSPY1
    1 Novoseek chemical compound relationship for TSPY1 gene    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    5-aza-2'deoxycytidine 38.2 4 15958521 (3)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about TSPY1 

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section

    REFSEQ mRNAs for TSPY1 gene (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_001197242.1  NM_003308.3  

    Unigene Clusters for TSPY1:

    Testis specific protein, Y-linked 1
    Hs.556121  [show with all ESTs], Hs.647493  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequences: AK308271, M94893
    2 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000451548(uc004frw.4 uc004frx.4) ENST00000423647

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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AY130858.1 BC121113.1 M94893.1 U58096.1 

    10 DOTS entries:

    DT.410181  DT.120653978  DT.120651221  DT.120651912  DT.120653195  DT.120654200  DT.40106229  DT.100016306 
    DT.120652014  DT.120653211 

    8 AceView cDNA sequences:

    U58096 AI138810 NM_003308 BI828033 NM_022573 M94893 AA993340 BG198129 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure


    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    TSPY1 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: GTCTTATGCA

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)

    About this image
    Genevestigator expression for TSPY1

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene clusters: Hs.556121 Hs.647493

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TSPY1_HUMAN, Q01534
    Tissue specificity: Specifically expressed in testicular tissues. Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are expressed in
    spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Found in early testicular carcinoma in situ, spermatogonial cells in testicular
    tissues of 46,X,Y female and in prostate cancer cell lines

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    In Situ
    Assay Products:
     

     
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    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section

    This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

    Orthologs for TSPY1 gene from 6/15 species (see all 15)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification
    Gene Description Human
    Similarity
    Orthology
    Type
    Details
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)
    Reptilia --
    --
    30(a)
    1 → many
    2(89265460-89270074)
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)
    Actinopterygii zgc:664306
    zgc:66430
    17(a)
    1 → many
    8(26561010-26569017)
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)
    Insecta Set6
    Set
    26(a)
    1 → many
    3R(11089257-11090975)
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)
    Secernentea spr-26
    Suppressor of presenilin-2
    19(a)
    1 → many
    IV(8891457-8892734)
    thale cress
    (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    eudicotyledons NRP26
    NRP16
    template-activating factor I
    22(a)
    22(a)
    many ↔ many
    many ↔ many
    1(6481113-6483596)
    1(28017584-28020049)
    rice
    (Oryza sativa)
    Liliopsida --
    --
    SET, putative, expressed
    NAP domain containing protein, putative, expressed...
    26(a)
    20(a)
    many ↔ many
    many ↔ many
    2(22145563-22150173)
    4(22758069-22761770)


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for TSPY1 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for TSPY1 (if available) 

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for TSPY1 gene
    TSPY101 2  TSPY41 2  TSPY31 2  TSPY21 2  SET2  TSPYL12  TSPYL62  TSPY82  
    TSPYL22  TSPYL52  TSPYL42  
    15 SIMAP similar genes for TSPY1 using alignment to 2 protein entries:     TSPY1_HUMAN (see all proteins):
    TSPY4    TSPY8    TSPY2    TSPY3    TSPY10    FAM197Y1
    LOC728395    DKFZp434M235    TSPYL1    TSPYL    TSPYL4    SET
    CYorf16    TSPY26P    TSPYL6

    TSPY1 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing


    5/14 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for TSPY1 (see all 14)
    PGOHUM00000233678 PGOHUM00000233682 PGOHUM00000233695 PGOHUM00000233698 PGOHUM00000233715


    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TSPY1_HUMAN, Q01534
    Polymorphism: Variants Val-Glu-Val-Val-Ala-Glu-79 Ins and Arg-195 are shown to be present in a number of TSPY1 copies
    of the Yp11 loci. Variant Arg-195 is shown to be present at least in one TSPY1 copy of the Yq locus
    Polymorphism: Maps to a tandemly repeated region on chromosome Yp11; additionally at least one copy is reported
    originating from Yq. The gene is thought to be present with an inter-individual variation in copy number and between
    20 and 60 copies per Y chromosome are expected. PubMed:12815422 reports 35 tandemly repeated gene copies on Yp11
    originating from one individual


    4 NCBI SNPs in TSPY1 are shown     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance
    Chr Y posSequence#AA
    Chg
    TypeMore#Allele
    freq
    PopTotal
    sample
    More
    ----------
    rs801261641,2
    C--9307436(+) TGTTTT/ATCCAC 2 -- ds50011Minor allele frequency- A:0.00NA 2
    rs1995326571,2
    ----9306051(+) AGTGGA/GAGGAA 2 -- int10--------
    rs2014247381,2
    ----9304974(+) GCCGGG/TTAATG 4 G V mis10--------
    rs2003892511,2
    ----9304945(+) GAGCTA/GCTGGC 4 L syn10--------

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for TSPY1 (9236076 - 9307358 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 2 variations for TSPY1
         2 CNVs: 83915 97174

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    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    TSPY1 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 480100    OMIM disorders: --

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TSPY1_HUMAN, Q01534
  • Note=TSPY is located in the gonadoblastoma critical region and is preferentially expressed in tumor germ cells
  • of gonadoblastoma specimens. Expression also correlates with testicular seminoma and tumorigenesis of the prostate
    gland

    20/25 diseases for TSPY1 (see all 25):    About MalaCards
    mayer-rokitansky-kuster-hauser syndrome    rokitansky-kuster-hauser syndrome    sudden infant death with dysgenesis of the testes syndrome    xy sex reversal
    sex reversal    gonadal dysgenesis    disorders of sex development    testicular germ cell tumor
    germ cell tumor    gonadoblastoma    luteoma    swyer syndrome
    turner syndrome    male infertility    germinoma    dysgerminoma
    azoospermia    infertility    seminoma    prostate cancer

    4 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for TSPY1:
    Gonadoblastoma     Dysgerminoma     Turner syndrome     Male infertility

    9 Novoseek disease relationships for TSPY1 gene    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    gonadoblastoma 91.8 18 17349529 (6), 10629567 (2), 15241014 (2), 10090875 (1) (see all 8)
    testicular carcinoma 71.4 1 8923009 (1)
    turners syndrome 59.1 1 18545811 (1)
    infertility male 42.4 3 17509197 (2), 19773397 (1)
    prostate cancer 35.7 8 11743352 (2), 16618725 (2), 10090875 (1), 11257712 (1) (see all 6)
    azoospermia 33.5 1 15524154 (1)
    carcinoma 7.17 1 17349529 (1)
    tumors 6.07 4 17349529 (1), 8533770 (1), 17977648 (1), 16618725 (1)
    cancer 0 2 16106251 (1), 16207477 (1)

    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: TSPY1 (1 document)

    Export disorders for TSPY1 gene to outside databases

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for TSPY1 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 92):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with TSPY1)
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    1. Testis-specific protein, Y-encoded (TSPY) expression in testicular tissues. (PubMed id 8923009)1, 2, 9 Schnieders F....Schmidtke J. (1996)
    2. Expression, alternative splicing and haplotype analysis of transcribed testis specific protein (TSPY) genes. (PubMed id 12527192)1, 2, 9 Krick R.... Arnemann J. (2003)
    3. TSPY-related sequences represent a microheterogeneous gene family. (PubMed id 8244388)1, 2, 9 Manz E.... Schmidtke J. (1993)
    4. Cloning and sequence analysis of a human Y-chromosome-derived, testicular cDNA, TSPY. (PubMed id 1765369)1, 2, 9 Arnemann J.... Schmidtke J. (1991)
    5. Molecular isolation and characterization of an expressed gene from the human Y chromosome. (PubMed id 1284595)1, 2, 9 Zhang J.S....Lau Y.-F.C. (1992)
    6. Expression analysis of thirty one Y chromosome genes in human prostate cancer. (PubMed id 10747295)1, 2, 9 Lau Y.-F.C. and Zhang J. (2000)
    7. Gonadoblastoma, testicular and prostate cancers, and the TSPY gene. (PubMed id 10090875)1, 2, 9 Lau Y.-F.C. (1999)
    8. The male-specific region of the human Y chromosome is a mosaic of discrete sequence classes. (PubMed id 12815422)1, 2 Skaletsky H.... Page D.C. (2003)
    9. TSPY variants in six loci on the human Y chromosome. (PubMed id 11173833)1, 2 Dechend F.... Schmidtke J. (2000)
    10. Expression of a candidate gene for the gonadoblastoma locus in gonadoblastoma and testicular seminoma. (PubMed id 11173850)1, 2 Lau Y.-F.C.... Koemueves L.G. (2000)

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 7258 HGNC: 12381 AceView: TSPY1.2 Ensembl:ENSG00000258992 euGenes: HUgn7258
    ECgene: TSPY1 H-InvDB: TSPY1

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
      --

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for TSPY1 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
    ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for TSPY1 Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    Patent Information for TSPY1 gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving TSPY1

    GeneCards and IP:
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