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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

TRIO Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 64
GCID: GC05P014143

trio Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor

(Previous name: triple functional domain (PTPRF interacting) )
 Explore 15 diseases affiliated with
TRIO via
MalaCards
our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for TRIO    

Aliases
for TRIO gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
Trio Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor1 2     EC 2.7.11.13 8
ARHGEF231 2     Tgat1
Triple Functional Domain (PTPRF Interacting)1 2     Triple Functional Domain Protein2
PTPRF-Interacting Protein2 3     

External Ids:    HGNC: 123031   Entrez Gene: 72042   Ensembl: ENSG000000383827   OMIM: 6018935   UniProtKB: O759623   

Export aliases for TRIO gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC05U990059 GC05P014425 GC05P014176 GC05P014196


Summaries
for TRIO gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TRIO_HUMAN, O75962
Function: Promotes the exchange of GDP by GTP. Together with leukocyte antigen-related (LAR) protein, it could play a
role in coordinating cell-matrix and cytoskeletal rearrangements necessary for cell migration and cell growth

Gene Wiki entry for TRIO


Genomic Views
for TRIO gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000005.9  NC_018916.1  NT_006576.16  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the TRIO gene promoter:
         Elk-1   Pbx1a   GATA-3   Egr-1   C/EBPalpha   GATA-1   GATA-2   Egr-4   AREB6   ATF6   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 2): TRIO promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for TRIO

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat TRIO


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 5p15.2   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  5p15.2   HGNC cytogenetic band: 5p14-p15.1

TRIO Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
TRIO gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 5         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC05P014143:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 14,143,811 bp from pter      End:
 14,532,235 bp from pter
Size:
 388,425 bases      Orientation:
 plus strand

Proteins
for TRIO gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TRIO_HUMAN, O75962 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Triple functional domain protein  
Size: 3097 amino acids; 346900 Da
Subunit: Interacts to form a complex with leukocyte antigen related protein
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm (By similarity)
Sequence caution: Sequence=AAC34245.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended;
Sequence=AAC34245.1; Type=Frameshift; Positions=2301; Sequence=AAC43042.1; Type=Erroneous initiation;
2 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for TRIO:
1NTY (3D)        2NZ8 (3D)    
Secondary accessions: D3DTD1 Q13458 Q59EQ7 Q6PJC9 Q6ZN05 Q8IWK8
Alternative splicing: 5 isoforms:  O75962-1   O75962-2   O75962-3   O75962-4   O75962-5   (No experimental confirmation available)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for TRIO: NX_O75962

Post-translational modifications:

  • Phosphorylated on serine residue(s)1
  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_O75962

    • 4/18 DME Specific Peptides for TRIO (O75962) (see all 18)
     DPCKFAL  SPIEYQR  KYQLLLK  ELNEEKR 

    TRIO Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins: NP_009049.2  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000339299   ENSP00000421555   ENSP00000445592   ENSP00000426342   ENSP00000339291  
     ENSP00000446348  
    Reactome Protein details: O75962
    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
    Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
    Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
    Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
    Browse OriGene full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells
    Browse OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysates
    OriGene Custom Protein Services for TRIO 
    GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for TRIO
    Novus Biologicals TRIO Protein
    Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
    Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
    Uscn Proteins for TRIO

    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005622intracellular ----
    GO:0005829cytosol TAS--


    TRIO for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    TRIO Antibody Products: 
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    OriGene Custom Antibody Services for TRIO 
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    Novus Biologicals TRIO Antibodies
    Search for Antibodies for TRIO at Abcam  
    Uscn Antibodies for TRIO
    Search ThermoFisher Antibodies for TRIO

    Assay Products for TRIO: 
    Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
    OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development
    Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
    Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
    GenScript Custom Assay Services for TRIO
    Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for TRIO

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for TRIO gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    TRIO for domains           About GeneDecksing

    5/15 InterPro domains/families (see all 15):
     IPR003598 Ig_sub2
     IPR007110 Ig-like_dom
     IPR002017 Spectrin_repeat
     IPR002290 Ser/Thr_dual-sp_kinase_dom
     IPR000219 DH-domain

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry O75962

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: O75962

    5/7 Blocks protein families (see all 7):
    IPB000219 DH domain
    IPB001251 Cellular retinaldehyde-binding (CRAL)/Triple function domain (TRIO)
    IPB001849 Pleckstrin-like
    IPB002017 Spectrin repeat
    IPB003598 Immunoglobulin C-2 type


    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TRIO_HUMAN, O75962
    Domain: The N-terminal DBL/GEF domain specifically catalyzes nucleotide exchange for RAC1, leading to the activation of
    Jun kinase and the production of membrane ruffles. The second DBL/GEF domain is an exchange factor for rhoa and
    induces the formation of stress fibers
    Similarity: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family
    Similarity: Contains 1 CRAL-TRIO domain
    Similarity: Contains 2 DH (DBL-homology) domains
    Similarity: Contains 1 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain
    Similarity: Contains 2 PH domains
    Similarity: Contains 1 protein kinase domain
    Similarity: Contains 2 SH3 domains
    Similarity: Contains 4 spectrin repeats


    Function
    for TRIO gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TRIO_HUMAN, O75962
    Function: Promotes the exchange of GDP by GTP. Together with leukocyte antigen-related (LAR) protein, it could play a
    role in coordinating cell-matrix and cytoskeletal rearrangements necessary for cell migration and cell growth
    Catalytic activity: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for TRIO:
    trio phosphoprotein,with three enzymze domains,binding the LAR transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase (PTPRF),likely
    involved in active cell migration

    Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 2.7.11.11 2

    miRNA
    Products:            		 OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: TRIO
    Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat TRIO
    8/28 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate TRIO (see all 28):
    hsa-miR-21* hsa-miR-448 hsa-miR-3673 hsa-miR-4311 hsa-miR-300 hsa-miR-429 hsa-miR-125a-3p hsa-miR-25
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: TRIO 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:            		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for TRIO (see all 6)
    OriGene siRNA: TRIO
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat TRIO

    Gene Editing
    Products:    		DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for TRIO

    Clone
    Products:             		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
    OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TRIO (see all 2)
    OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TRIO
    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: TRIO (NM_007118)
    Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for TRIO
    Search Vector BioLabs for ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat TRIO 

    Cell Line
    Products:             		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for TRIO
    Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for TRIO

    In Situ Assay
    Products:       
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for TRIO

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/6 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 6):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0004674protein serine/threonine kinase activity IEA--
    GO:0005085guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity TAS8643598
    GO:0005089Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity IEA--
    GO:0005515protein binding IPI17043677
    GO:0005524ATP binding IEA--


    TRIO for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for TRIO:
     Increased colony dispersion (i 

    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-out Triotm1Mst for TRIO
         6 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles) (MGI details for Trio):
     behavior/neurological  cellular  growth/size  mortality/aging  muscle 
     nervous system 

    TRIO for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    Pathways & Interactions
    for TRIO gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/10 super-pathways (see all 10) About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Cell death signalling via NRAGE, NRIF and NADE
    		Cell death signalling via NRAGE, NRIF and NADE1.00
    		G alpha (12/13) signalling events0.39
    		NRAGE signals death through JNK0.74
    		Rho GTPase cycle0.25
    		p75 NTR receptor-mediated signalling0.73
    		Signaling by Rho GTPases0.25
    2Signaling by GPCR
    		Signaling by GPCR1.00
    		Signal Transduction0.56
    		GPCR downstream signaling0.89
    3G alpha (q) signalling events
    		G alpha (q) signalling events1.00
    		Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK0.90
    4Axon guidance
    		Axon guidance1.00
    		Developmental Biology0.69
    5TRKA Signaling
    		TRKA Signaling1.00
    		NGF Pathway0.75

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways

    1 EMD Millipore Pathway for TRIO
        Cytoskeleton remodeling Integrin outside-in signaling

    2 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for TRIO
        NGF Pathway
    TRKA Signaling

    1 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathway for TRIO
        Cytoskeleton remodeling Integrin outside-in signaling

    2 BioSystems Pathways for TRIO 
        Regulation of RAC1 activity
    Regulation of RhoA activity

    5/16        Reactome Pathways for TRIO (see all 16)
        Signaling by Rho GTPases
    GPCR downstream signaling
    Developmental Biology
    G alpha (12/13) signalling events
    Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK



    TRIO for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for TRIO

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 16)

    5/21 Interacting proteins for TRIO (O759621, 2, 3 ENSP000003392994) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 21)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    BLMHQ138672, 3, ENSP000002617144MINT-64162 I2D: score=5 STRING: ENSP00000261714
    DISC1Q9NRI51, 3, ENSP000003555964EBI-718519,EBI-529989 I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000355596
    RHOAP615863, ENSP000004001754I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000400175
    PHLDA3Q9Y5J53, ENSP000003562784I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000356278
    RAC1P630003, ENSP000003484614I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000348461
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/7 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 7):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0006915apoptotic process TAS--
    GO:0007185transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathway TAS8643598
    GO:0007264small GTPase mediated signal transduction TAS--
    GO:0007411axon guidance TAS--
    GO:0035023regulation of Rho protein signal transduction IEA--


    TRIO for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for TRIO gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    TRIO for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Compounds for TRIO available from Tocris Bioscience    About this table
    CompoundAction CAS #
    ITX 3Selective inhibitor of TrioN RhoGEF activity[347323-96-0]

    1 HMDB Compound for TRIO    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #PubMed Ids
    Guanosine triphosphate5'-GTP (see all 10)86-01-1--
    2 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for TRIO gene    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    gdp 67.9 2 18505730 (1), 12475976 (1)
    gtp 60.8 6 18505730 (1), 12475976 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about TRIO 

    Transcripts
    for TRIO gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for TRIO gene: 
    NM_007118.2  

    Unigene Cluster for TRIO:

    Trio Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor
    Hs.130031  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_007118
    18/24 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant (see all 24):
    ENST00000505971 ENST00000502816 ENST00000344204(uc003jff.3 uc003jfg.3)
    ENST00000512070 ENST00000509967(uc011cna.1) ENST00000504606 ENST00000513206
    ENST00000515144(uc003jfh.1) ENST00000510757 ENST00000502490 ENST00000509354
    ENST00000512303 ENST00000512979 ENST00000507714 ENST00000515710 ENST00000506611
    ENST00000511019 ENST00000510281

    miRNA
    Products:             		 OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: TRIO
    Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat TRIO
    8/28 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate TRIO (see all 28):
    hsa-miR-21* hsa-miR-448 hsa-miR-3673 hsa-miR-4311 hsa-miR-300 hsa-miR-429 hsa-miR-125a-3p hsa-miR-25
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: TRIO 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:             		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for TRIO (see all 6)
    OriGene siRNA: TRIO
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat TRIO
    Clone
    Products:             		 OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TRIO (see all 2)
    OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TRIO
    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: TRIO (NM_007118)
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for TRIO
    Search Vector BioLabs for ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat TRIO 
    Primer
    Products:            		 OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for TRIO
    Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
    SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat TRIO
      QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat TRIO
      QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat TRIO

    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AB115332.1 AB209754.1 AF091395.1 AK131423.1 AK304786.1 AL161955.1 BC017268.2 BC035585.1 
    U42390.1 

    24/30 DOTS entries (see all 30):

    DT.317209  DT.99952185  DT.91928318  DT.100748128  DT.99952587  DT.97795856  DT.412418  DT.91955186 
    DT.120798656  DT.99961039  DT.120798475  DT.75101160  DT.101966737  DT.86835808  DT.120798724  DT.100748127 
    DT.120798576  DT.91693359  DT.92442539  DT.120798653  DT.120798659  DT.92043783  DT.92442543  DT.97789826 

    383 AceView cDNA sequences (see top 24):

    AW589779 BQ774160 AW083155 AI632397 BM722637 BE857432 BQ917753 BM458619 
    AI042333 AI290702 AI885829 BF224017 AW014382 BQ003782 AA262902 AI521204 
    BF904204 AW502998 BE671819 BX644821 AW204990 AI922112 NM_007118 AW771524 
    AA476472 BX092203 AI220818 AA321957 AA326009 CD623728 BE042964 AI701567 
    BC017268 AW611770 AI971636 BQ009698 AI140163 CR620371 AI096523 AI359699 
    CA775356 BF058117 H51014 BE280470 AA404601 BQ018458 AA278236 F07912 
    CA771768 AI679320 BQ940200 AK131423 BC035585 AI700711 AW051594 AA253137 
    AJ711071 CD623729 BG656361 CD517575 AI651284 AI126701 CA445712 AK124770 
    BF197195 AI478153 BG034846 BX111226 AI263490 BG677997 BM672120 AI434405 
    AW502049 BF111180 BM905044 AA883873 AI952707 AI384088 AI523744 AW272655 
    BQ888834 AI473899 AI354466 BE504911 AI919252 AW572559 BM679275 BU629440 
    AI141472 CA429109 BP349763 AW119222 CB242478 BM988999 AW139304 T08992 
    CA428376 AL710509 AW245407 BE062260 AA453834 AI807514 AI478154 N31122 
    AI636908 CA775651 BM721235 AI479067 BM545471 CF529240 H97546 AA112662 
    Z40988 AA947714 BG028035 AA323365 AA806571 AI367269 BU629544 BQ772902 
    BF057364 AI523782 BG830084 CD108351 AF091395 CA438417 BU679778 BI918976 
    BE219754 CD623722 BF341883 BX096494 CF131861 BQ446416 BE082538 CD368902 
    AI872622 BV180475 BU620012 AI123840 BQ691537 AW024103 BM413629 BF002333 
    BQ187192 AI290339 CD623727 BG217762 AA481864 BE140577 U42390 AI638325 
    BF988252 AA055341 BU632907 AI522135 CA416189 CA421688 BX331243 CD623733 
    AW502436 AL161955 AW502641 BM667126 BE693230 BV175996 AL045712 BF475425 
    AI205338 BU949728 CF242948 AI149796 BI916027 T30972 CD623734 AV718192 
    BE259646 CA446673 BM686641 BE855877 BG112695 BU950022 BF339653 BV206656 
    BU620063 AI190081 N26091 CD657289 BF002330 AA324467 AW950324 AA632273 
    AA287839 AI333218 BV206650 AI992102 AA936146 N21108 BQ775916 BG424238 
    AA453752 AA375787 AI909907 AA278694 AI351530 AI765779 AW896185 BG120190 
    CD623723 BQ021045 BQ316541 CB155935 CB164522 AA487696 N90146 BQ286594 
    BM311278 BX389353 CF780745 BX371381 H25378 AW419316 CD244726 BU074921 
    BE082536 AI830094 AI652869 R87544 AA287955 BQ269937 AI829175 BV200391 
    N20576 CD623724 BU623129 CD251543 BM697962 AW204097 AI189155 AI393797 
    AA490820 BM846804 AI093879 BU602321 AI888849 AA135801 AI015354 AI216868 
    AA836011 AI521375 H03045 BG166373 AW590301 BE693234 BE693264 AB115332 
    BF733588 AL121218 BX094568 N28967 BI460295 BE550923 AA476473 AI279076 
    AI863944 CD653845 AA907599 BF961021 AA972243 AW131628 BE157252 BF960914 
    BF918639 BQ308252 BE221748 AA253261 AW663703 BF433924 AA328070 AW076118 
    BF685214 BG055304 AA772277 BE813875 BF740956 AW515886 CD623726 BE157249 
    AA913358 BI820135 AW860431 CD623732 AA458805 AI419524 BF434759 CA772614 
    AW503007 BF433267 BI049445 BG950959 CD623725 AA742204 CB994333 BE814001 
    AA287838 BM700659 BE773167 CD623735 BU074632 BE693245 AI370744 BF799359 
    CD623730 AA487480 T35817 H44301 AA291150 AA031568 BE300140 BF362195 
    BF204400 AW025885 BE693240 BF799775 AA782294 BE218744 AA112661 BM996962 
    AA215651 AW609965 AA135802 BF340921 AW818930 AW245765 BG950904 BQ301408 
    AI761991 AW573045 CD623736 BG979796 BE693268 BF332020 BG950958 BF733744 
    AW888890 BG213464 BG950967 AA665919 AA811250 AA055342 BG656056 H81777 
    BU728008 AA287915 W17375 BG950965 BI457606 R93281 AW967019 AI566247 
    AA031569 AA404731 H23473 AI561268 BG950905 BE693251 BE693277 BF920933 
    AA482048 R93187 BE693273 H51015 AA514311 BE300288 CD623731 BF344553 
    T16015 AA215823 BF802847 CA773404 AI797657 CD237142 H23474 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    5/17 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for TRIO (see all 17)    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1a · 1b ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5a · 5b ^ 6 ^ 7a · 7b ^ 8 ^ 9 ^ 10 ^ 11 ^ 12 ^ 13 ^ 14 ^ 15 ^ 16 ^ 17 ^ 18 ^ 19 ^ 20 ^ 21 ^ 22 ^ 23 ^
    SP1:              -                       -                                                                                                                     
    SP2:              -                       -                                                                                                                     
    SP3:                                                                                                                                                            
    SP4:                                      -                                                                                                                     
    SP5:                                                                                                                                                            

    ExUns: 24 ^ 25 ^ 26 ^ 27 ^ 28 ^ 29 ^ 30 ^ 31 ^ 32 ^ 33 ^ 34a · 34b ^ 35 ^ 36a · 36b · 36c ^ 37 ^ 38a · 38b ^ 39a · 39b · 39c ^ 40a · 40b ^ 41 ^ 42 ^
    SP1:                                                              -           -                       -                                         -               
    SP2:                                                              -           -                       -                                         -               
    SP3:                                                              -           -                       -                                         -               
    SP4:                                                              -           -                                                                                 
    SP5:                                                                                                                                                            

    ExUns: 43 ^ 44 ^ 45a · 45b ^ 46 ^ 47 ^ 48a · 48b ^ 49a · 49b ^ 50 ^ 51a · 51b ^ 52a · 52b · 52c · 52d ^ 53a · 53b ^ 54a · 54b ^ 55 ^ 56a · 56b ^ 57a · 57b ^
    SP1:                                            -     -                       -     -     -     -     -     -                                               -   
    SP2:                                            -     -                             -     -     -     -     -                                               -   
    SP3:                                            -     -                                                                                                         
    SP4:                                                                                                                                                            
    SP5:                                                                                                  -     -                                               -   

    ExUns: 58 ^ 59a · 59b ^ 60 ^ 61a · 61b ·
    SP1:              -                     
    SP2:              -                     
    SP3:                                    
    SP4:                                    
    SP5:              -                     


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for TRIO

    Expression
    for TRIO gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    TRIO expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: TTTACACAGT

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image

    TRIO expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    10/20 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells (see all 20) 
    Tissue Anatomical Compartment CellCategory (developmental path)
    LimbForelimb Dorsal MusclesMononuclear MyocytesSkeletal Muscle
    LimbForelimb Ventral MusclesMononuclear MyocytesSkeletal Muscle
    LimbHindlimb Dorsal MuscleMononuclear MyocytesSkeletal Muscle
    LimbHindlimb Ventral MuscleMononuclear MyocytesSkeletal Muscle
    Skeletal MuscleThoracic Epaxial MyotomeMononuclear MyocytesSkeletal Muscle
    SomiteCervical Epaxial MyotomeMononuclear MyocytesSkeletal Muscle
    SomiteCervical Hypaxial MyotomeMononuclear MyocytesSkeletal Muscle
    SomiteCervical Primary Epaxial MyotomeMononuclear MyocytesSkeletal Muscle
    SomiteCervical Primary Hypaxial MyotomeMononuclear MyocytesSkeletal Muscle
    SomiteLumbar Epaxial MyotomeMononuclear MyocytesSkeletal Muscle
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization
    Stem Cell Differentiation: 1 LifeMap Cell 
    NameCategory
    Sclerotome cells (Primary Cell)Bone, Cartilage, Somite

    See TRIO Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for TRIO

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.130031

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TRIO_HUMAN, O75962
    Tissue specificity: Highly expressed in heart, skeletal muscle, brain, pancreas, placenta, liver, kidney and lung

        SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for TRIO
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    In Situ
    Assay Products:     
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for TRIO

    Orthologs
    for TRIO gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

    Orthologs for TRIO gene from 6/19 species (see all 19)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)    		 Mammalia Trio1 , 5 triple functional domain (PTPRF interacting)1, 5 89.12(n)1
    96.58(a)1    		   15 (10.40 cM)5
    2234351  NM_001081302.11  NP_001074771.11 
     277306525 
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves TRIO1 triple functional domain (PTPRF interacting) 83.23(n)
    95.07(a)    		   420919  XM_419004.3  XP_419004.3 
    African clawed frog
    (Xenopus laevis)    		 Amphibia Xl.239552 Xenopus laevis transcribed sequence with moderate similarity more 74.61(n)    CB564898.1 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii si:dkey-158b13.21 si:dkey-158b13.2 75.92(n)
    84.06(a)    		   557667  NM_001104526.1  NP_001097996.1 
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)    		 Insecta trio1 , 3 Rho protein signal transduction Rho
    guanyl-nucleotide more3
    CG18214-PA1    		 43(a)3
    53.87(n)1
    47.42(a)1    		   439741  NM_167847.21  NP_728560.11 
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)    		 Secernentea unc-731 , 3 guanine nucleotide exchange factor3
    Protein UNC-731    		 27(a)3
    44.05(n)1
    31.96(a)1    		   I(3999350-4031628)3
    1719881  NM_001026325.11  NP_001021496.11 


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for TRIO (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for TRIO (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for TRIO gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for TRIO gene
    KALRN2  ARHGEF252  PLEKHG4B2  MCF2L22  MCF2L2  KIAA17552  PLEKHG42  MCF22  
    ARHGEF402  
    18/23 SIMAP similar genes for TRIO using alignment to 5 protein entries:     TRIO_HUMAN (see all proteins) (see all similar genes):
    tgat    KALRN    STK17B    ARHGEF25    GEFT    SESTD1
    DAPK3    STK17A    MCF2L2    MCF2L    DAPK2    MARK4
    NUAK1    PNCK    PRKAA1    PRKACB    CAMK1D    KIN27

    TRIO for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    Genomic Variants
    for TRIO gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/6651 NCBI SNPs in TRIO are shown (see all 6651)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 5 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs1523831,2
    		C,H,--14141837(+) GTATCT/CACATA 1 -- us2k112Minor allele frequency- C:0.28NA WA CSA EA 373
    rs1523821,2
    		C,F,A,--14141967(+) TATGGA/TCTCAT 1 -- us2k18Minor allele frequency- T:0.29WA NA CSA EA 368
    rs1846472061,2
    		--14142456(+) CTCCAA/GCTCTA 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs38490821,2
    		C,F,A,H,--14142643(+) CTGGAT/ACCTTT 1 -- us2k113Minor allele frequency- A:0.19MN NS EA NA CSA WA 848
    rs1439884691,2
    		--14143045(+) CCTTGA/CGGGCT 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs131807411,2
    		C--14143354(+) AGCCCC/TTCTTT 1 -- us2k1 tfbs3 trp30--------
    rs131807431,2
    		C--14143356(+) CCCCTC/TTTTTT 1 -- us2k1 trp30--------
    rs1895587651,2
    		--14143364(+) TTTTTC/TCCTTC 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs117495161,2
    		C,H--14144117(+) CCGCAA/GGCTCT 1 -- int10--------
    rs2494931,2
    		C,F,A,--14144399(+) CCGAGC/GGGACT 1 -- int18Minor allele frequency- G:0.41MN NA WA CSA EA 549

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for TRIO (14143811 - 14393811 bp, first 250kb of TRIO)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 8 variations for TRIO
         5 CNVs: 69013 37941 69014 8480 51577
         3 Indels: 80833 46780 92892
    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): TRIO

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
    1 SABiosciences qBiomarker Copy Number PCR Array containing TRIO:
    Oncogenes & Tumor Suppressor Genes 384HC
    QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing TRIO
    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for TRIO

    Disorders / Diseases
    for TRIO gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    TRIO for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 601893    OMIM disorders: --

    15 diseases for TRIO:    About MalaCards
    soft tissue sarcoma    urinary bladder cancer    toxic encephalopathy    esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
    squamous cell carcinoma    gout    spasticity    sarcoma
    esophagitis    breast cancer    glioblastoma    carcinoma
    schizophrenia    neuronitis    alcoholism

    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: TRIO (109 documents)

    Export disorders for TRIO gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for TRIO gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for TRIO gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 64):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with TRIO)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. The multidomain protein Trio binds the LAR transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase, contains a protein kinase domain, and has separate rac- specific and rho-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor domains. (PubMed id 8643598)1, 2, 3 Debant A....Streuli M. (1996)
    2. NMR structure and mutagenesis of the N-terminal Dbl homology domain of the nucleotide exchange factor Trio. (PubMed id 9790533)1, 2, 9 Liu X.... Fesik S.W. (1998)
    3. Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. (PubMed id 17081983)1, 2 Olsen J.V....Mann M. (2006)
    4. Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)1, 2 Ota T.... Sugano S. (2004)
    5. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    6. Trio amino-terminal guanine nucleotide exchange factor domain expression promotes actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell migration and anchorage-independent cell growth. (PubMed id 10341202)1, 2 Seipel K.... Streuli M. (1999)
    7. The trio guanine nucleotide exchange factor is a RhoA target. Binding of RhoA to the trio immunoglobulin-like domain. (PubMed id 10948190)1, 9 Medley Q.G....Streuli M. (2000)
    8. The DH and PH domains of Trio coordinately engage Rho GTPases for their efficient activation. (PubMed id 17391702)1, 9 Chhatriwala M.K....Sondek J. (2007)
    9. Identification of novel neuronal isoforms of the Rho-GEF Trio. (PubMed id 16033331)1, 9 Portales-Casamar E....Debant A. (2006)
    10. Galphaq directly activates p63RhoGEF and Trio via a conserved extension of the Dbl homology-associated pleckstrin homology domain. (PubMed id 17606614)1, 9 Rojas R.J.... Sondek J. (2007)

    External Searches for TRIO gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Free Text  
      Query String
    		PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    Genome Databases showing TRIO gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 7204 HGNC: 12303 AceView: TRIO Ensembl:ENSG00000038382 euGenes: HUgn7204
    ECgene: TRIO H-InvDB: TRIO

    Other Databases showing TRIO gene

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    		   --

    Specialized Databases showing TRIO gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for TRIO Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

    Intellectual Property
    for TRIO gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for TRIO gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving TRIO

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



    Products
    for TRIO gene

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