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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

TRIO Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 64
GCID: GC05P014143

trio Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor

(Previous name: triple functional domain (PTPRF interacting) )

Explore 15 diseases affiliated with
TRIO via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Trio Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor¹ ²		EC 2.7.11.1³ ⁸
ARHGEF23¹ ²		Tgat¹
Triple Functional Domain (PTPRF Interacting)¹ ²		Triple Functional Domain Protein²
PTPRF-Interacting Protein² ³

External Ids:	HGNC: 12303¹	Entrez Gene: 7204²	Ensembl: ENSG00000038382⁷	OMIM: 601893⁵	UniProtKB: O75962³

Export aliases for TRIO gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC05U990059 GC05P014425 GC05P014176 GC05P014196

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TRIO_HUMAN, O75962

Function: Promotes the exchange of GDP by GTP. Together with leukocyte antigen-related (LAR) protein, it could play a

role in coordinating cell-matrix and cytoskeletal rearrangements necessary for cell migration and cell growth

Gene Wiki entry for TRIO

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000005.9 NC_018916.1 NT_006576.16

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the TRIO gene promoter:
Elk-1 Pbx1a GATA-3 Egr-1 C/EBPalpha GATA-1 GATA-2 Egr-4 AREB6 ATF6
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 2): TRIO promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for TRIO

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat TRIO

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 5p15.2 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 5p15.2 HGNC cytogenetic band: 5p14-p15.1

TRIO Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
TRIO gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 5 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC05P014143: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	14,143,811 bp from pter	End:	14,532,235 bp from pter
Size:	388,425 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TRIO_HUMAN, O75962 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Triple functional domain protein

Size: 3097 amino acids; 346900 Da

Subunit: Interacts to form a complex with leukocyte antigen related protein

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm (By similarity)

Sequence caution: Sequence=AAC34245.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended;

Sequence=AAC34245.1; Type=Frameshift; Positions=2301; Sequence=AAC43042.1; Type=Erroneous initiation;

2 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for TRIO:

1NTY (3D)

2NZ8 (3D)

Secondary accessions: D3DTD1 Q13458 Q59EQ7 Q6PJC9 Q6ZN05 Q8IWK8

Alternative splicing: 5 isoforms: O75962-1 O75962-2 O75962-3 O75962-4 O75962-5 (No experimental confirmation available)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for TRIO: NX_O75962

Post-translational modifications:

Phosphorylated on serine residue(s)¹

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_O75962

4/18 DME Specific Peptides for TRIO (O75962) (see all 18)

DPCKFAL

SPIEYQR

KYQLLLK

ELNEEKR

TRIO Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins: NP_009049.2

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000339299 ENSP00000421555 ENSP00000445592 ENSP00000426342 ENSP00000339291

ENSP00000446348

Reactome Protein details: O75962
Human Recombinant Protein Products:

	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	Browse OriGene full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells Browse OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysates OriGene Custom Protein Services for TRIO
	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for TRIO
	Novus Biologicals TRIO Protein
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
	Uscn Proteins for TRIO

Gene Ontology (GO): 2 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005622	intracellular	--	--
GO:0005829	cytosol	TAS	--

TRIO for ontologies About GeneDecksing

TRIO Antibody Products:

	Browse EMD Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
	Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
	Browse OriGene Antibodies OriGene Custom Antibody Services for TRIO
	GenScript Superior Antibodies for TRIO
	Novus Biologicals TRIO Antibodies
	Search for Antibodies for TRIO at Abcam
	Uscn Antibodies for TRIO
	Search ThermoFisher Antibodies for TRIO

Assay Products for TRIO:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for TRIO
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for TRIO

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

TRIO for domains About GeneDecksing

5/15 InterPro domains/families (see all 15):

IPR003598 Ig_sub2

IPR007110 Ig-like_dom

IPR002017 Spectrin_repeat

IPR002290 Ser/Thr_dual-sp_kinase_dom

IPR000219 DH-domain

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry O75962

ProtoNet protein and cluster: O75962

5/7 Blocks protein families (see all 7):

IPB000219 DH domain

IPB001251 Cellular retinaldehyde-binding (CRAL)/Triple function domain (TRIO)

IPB001849 Pleckstrin-like

IPB002017 Spectrin repeat

IPB003598 Immunoglobulin C-2 type

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TRIO_HUMAN, O75962

Domain: The N-terminal DBL/GEF domain specifically catalyzes nucleotide exchange for RAC1, leading to the activation of

Jun kinase and the production of membrane ruffles. The second DBL/GEF domain is an exchange factor for rhoa and

induces the formation of stress fibers

Similarity: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family

Similarity: Contains 1 CRAL-TRIO domain

Similarity: Contains 2 DH (DBL-homology) domains

Similarity: Contains 1 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain

Similarity: Contains 2 PH domains

Similarity: Contains 1 protein kinase domain

Similarity: Contains 2 SH3 domains

Similarity: Contains 4 spectrin repeats

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TRIO_HUMAN, O75962

Function: Promotes the exchange of GDP by GTP. Together with leukocyte antigen-related (LAR) protein, it could play a

role in coordinating cell-matrix and cytoskeletal rearrangements necessary for cell migration and cell growth

Catalytic activity: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein

Genatlas biochemistry entry for TRIO:

trio phosphoprotein,with three enzymze domains,binding the LAR transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase (PTPRF),likely

involved in active cell migration

Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 2.7.11.1¹ ²

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: TRIO Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat TRIO
		8/28 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate TRIO (see all 28):
		hsa-miR-21* hsa-miR-448 hsa-miR-3673 hsa-miR-4311 hsa-miR-300 hsa-miR-429 hsa-miR-125a-3p hsa-miR-25

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: TRIO 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for TRIO (see all 6) OriGene siRNA: TRIO
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat TRIO

Gene Editing
Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for TRIO

Clone Products:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TRIO (see all 2) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TRIO OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: TRIO (NM_007118)
		Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for TRIO
		Search Vector BioLabs for ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat TRIO

Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for TRIO
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for TRIO

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for TRIO

Gene Ontology (GO): 6 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see first 5): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0004674	protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IEA	--
GO:0005085	guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity	TAS	8643598
GO:0005089	Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity	IEA	--
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	17043677
GO:0005524	ATP binding	IEA	--
GO:0005543	phospholipid binding	IEA	--

TRIO for ontologies About GeneDecksing

1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for TRIO:

Increased colony dispersion (i

Animal Models:
Mouse knock-out Trio^tm1Mst for TRIO
6 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles) (MGI details for Trio):

behavior/neurological	cellular	growth/size	mortality/aging	muscle
nervous system

TRIO for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/10 super-pathways (see all 10) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Cell death signalling via NRAGE, NRIF and NADE

Cell death signalling via NRAGE, NRIF and NADE	1.00	G alpha (12/13) signalling events	0.39
NRAGE signals death through JNK	0.74	Rho GTPase cycle	0.25
p75 NTR receptor-mediated signalling	0.73	Signaling by Rho GTPases	0.25

Signaling by GPCR

	Signaling by GPCR	1.00			Signal Transduction	0.56
	GPCR downstream signaling	0.89

G alpha (q) signalling events

G alpha (q) signalling events

1.00

Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK

0.90

Axon guidance

Axon guidance

1.00

Developmental Biology

0.69

TRKA Signaling

TRKA Signaling

1.00

NGF Pathway

0.75

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

1 EMD Millipore Pathway for TRIO

Cytoskeleton remodeling Integrin outside-in signaling

2 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for TRIO

	NGF Pathway
	TRKA Signaling

1 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathway for TRIO

Cytoskeleton remodeling Integrin outside-in signaling

2 BioSystems Pathways for TRIO

	Regulation of RAC1 activity
	Regulation of RhoA activity

5/16 Reactome Pathways for TRIO (see all 16)

	Signaling by Rho GTPases
	GPCR downstream signaling
	Developmental Biology
	G alpha (12/13) signalling events
	Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK

TRIO for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for TRIO

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 16)

5/21 Interacting proteins for TRIO (O75962^{1, 2, 3} ENSP00000339299⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 21)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
BLMH	Q13867²^,³, ENSP00000261714⁴	MINT-64162 I2D: score=5 STRING: ENSP00000261714
DISC1	Q9NRI5¹^,³, ENSP00000355596⁴	EBI-718519,EBI-529989 I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000355596
RHOA	P61586³, ENSP00000400175⁴	I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000400175
PHLDA3	Q9Y5J5³, ENSP00000356278⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000356278
RAC1	P63000³, ENSP00000348461⁴	I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000348461

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/7 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 7): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0006915	apoptotic process	TAS	--
GO:0007185	transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathway	TAS	8643598
GO:0007264	small GTPase mediated signal transduction	TAS	--
GO:0007411	axon guidance	TAS	--
GO:0035023	regulation of Rho protein signal transduction	IEA	--

TRIO for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

TRIO for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Compounds for TRIO available from Tocris Bioscience About this table

Compound	Action	CAS #
ITX 3	Selective inhibitor of TrioN RhoGEF activity	[347323-96-0]

1 HMDB Compound for TRIO About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
Guanosine triphosphate	5'-GTP (see all 10)	86-01-1	--

2 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for TRIO gene About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
gdp	67.9	2	18505730 (1), 12475976 (1)
gtp	60.8	6	18505730 (1), 12475976 (1)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about TRIO

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for TRIO gene:

NM_007118.2

Unigene Cluster for TRIO:

Trio Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor

Hs.130031 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_007118

18/24 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant (see all 24):

ENST00000505971 ENST00000502816 ENST00000344204(uc003jff.3 uc003jfg.3)

ENST00000512070 ENST00000509967(uc011cna.1) ENST00000504606 ENST00000513206

ENST00000515144(uc003jfh.1) ENST00000510757 ENST00000502490 ENST00000509354

ENST00000512303 ENST00000512979 ENST00000507714 ENST00000515710 ENST00000506611

ENST00000511019 ENST00000510281

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: TRIO Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat TRIO
		8/28 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate TRIO (see all 28):
		hsa-miR-21* hsa-miR-448 hsa-miR-3673 hsa-miR-4311 hsa-miR-300 hsa-miR-429 hsa-miR-125a-3p hsa-miR-25

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: TRIO 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for TRIO (see all 6) OriGene siRNA: TRIO
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat TRIO

Clone Products:		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TRIO (see all 2) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TRIO OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: TRIO (NM_007118)
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for TRIO
		Search Vector BioLabs for ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat TRIO

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for TRIO Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
		SABiosciences RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat TRIO
		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat TRIO
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat TRIO

Additional cDNA sequence:

AB115332.1 AB209754.1 AF091395.1 AK131423.1 AK304786.1 AL161955.1 BC017268.2 BC035585.1

U42390.1

24/30 DOTS entries (see all 30):

DT.317209 DT.99952185 DT.91928318 DT.100748128 DT.99952587 DT.97795856 DT.412418 DT.91955186

DT.120798656 DT.99961039 DT.120798475 DT.75101160 DT.101966737 DT.86835808 DT.120798724 DT.100748127

DT.120798576 DT.91693359 DT.92442539 DT.120798653 DT.120798659 DT.92043783 DT.92442543 DT.97789826

24/383 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 383):

AW589779 BQ774160 AW083155 AI632397 BM722637 BE857432 BQ917753 BM458619

AI042333 AI290702 AI885829 BF224017 AW014382 BQ003782 AA262902 AI521204

BF904204 AW502998 BE671819 BX644821 AW204990 AI922112 NM_007118 AW771524

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/17 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for TRIO (see all 17) About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	^	2	^	3	^	4	^	5a	·	5b	^	6	^	7a	·	7b	^	8	^	9	^	10	^	11	^	12	^	13	^	14	^	15	^	16	^	17	^	18	^	19	^	20	^	21	^	22	^	23	^
SP1:					-								-
SP2:					-								-
SP3:
SP4:													-
SP5:

ExUns:	24	^	25	^	26	^	27	^	28	^	29	^	30	^	31	^	32	^	33	^	34a	·	34b	^	35	^	36a	·	36b	·	36c	^	37	^	38a	·	38b	^	39a	·	39b	·	39c	^	40a	·	40b	^	41	^	42	^
SP1:																					-				-								-														-
SP2:																					-				-								-														-
SP3:																					-				-								-														-
SP4:																					-				-
SP5:

ExUns:	43	^	44	^	45a	·	45b	^	46	^	47	^	48a	·	48b	^	49a	·	49b	^	50	^	51a	·	51b	^	52a	·	52b	·	52c	·	52d	^	53a	·	53b	^	54a	·	54b	^	55	^	56a	·	56b	^	57a	·	57b	^
SP1:															-		-								-		-		-		-		-		-																-
SP2:															-		-										-		-		-		-		-																-
SP3:															-		-
SP4:
SP5:																																	-		-																-

ExUns:	58	^	59a	·	59b	^	60	^	61a	·	61b	·
SP1:					-
SP2:					-
SP3:
SP4:
SP5:					-

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for TRIO

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

TRIO expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: TTTACACAGT

About this image

TRIO expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells

Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

10/20 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells (see all 20)

Tissue

Anatomical Compartment

Cell

Category (developmental path)

Limb

Forelimb Dorsal Muscles

Mononuclear Myocytes

Skeletal Muscle

Limb

Forelimb Ventral Muscles

Mononuclear Myocytes

Skeletal Muscle

Limb

Hindlimb Dorsal Muscle

Mononuclear Myocytes

Skeletal Muscle

Limb

Hindlimb Ventral Muscle

Mononuclear Myocytes

Skeletal Muscle

Thoracic Epaxial Myotome

Mononuclear Myocytes

Skeletal Muscle

Somite

Cervical Epaxial Myotome

Mononuclear Myocytes

Skeletal Muscle

Somite

Cervical Hypaxial Myotome

Mononuclear Myocytes

Skeletal Muscle

Somite

Cervical Primary Epaxial Myotome

Mononuclear Myocytes

Skeletal Muscle

Somite

Cervical Primary Hypaxial Myotome

Mononuclear Myocytes

Skeletal Muscle

Somite

Lumbar Epaxial Myotome

Mononuclear Myocytes

Skeletal Muscle

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

Stem Cell Differentiation: 1 LifeMap Cell

Name

Category

Sclerotome cells (Primary Cell)

Bone, Cartilage, Somite

See TRIO Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for TRIO

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.130031

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TRIO_HUMAN, O75962

Tissue specificity: Highly expressed in heart, skeletal muscle, brain, pancreas, placenta, liver, kidney and lung

SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for TRIO

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for TRIO Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
		SABiosciences RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat TRIO
		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat TRIO
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat TRIO

In Situ
Assay Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for TRIO

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

Orthologs for TRIO gene from 6/19 species (see all 19) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Details
mouse (Mus musculus)	Mammalia	Trio^{1 , 5}	triple functional domain (PTPRF interacting)^{1, 5}	89.12(n)¹ 96.58(a)¹	15 (10.40 cM)⁵ 223435¹ NM_001081302.1¹ NP_001074771.1¹ 27730652⁵
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	TRIO¹	triple functional domain (PTPRF interacting)	83.23(n) 95.07(a)	420919 XM_419004.3 XP_419004.3
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	Amphibia	Xl.23955²	Xenopus laevis transcribed sequence with moderate similarity more	74.61(n)	CB564898.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	si:dkey-158b13.2¹	si:dkey-158b13.2	75.92(n) 84.06(a)	557667 NM_001104526.1 NP_001097996.1
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	trio^{1 , 3}	Rho protein signal transduction Rho guanyl-nucleotide more³ CG18214-PA¹	43(a)³ 53.87(n)¹ 47.42(a)¹	43974¹ NM_167847.2¹ NP_728560.1¹
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)	Secernentea	unc-73^{1 , 3}	guanine nucleotide exchange factor³ Protein UNC-73¹	27(a)³ 44.05(n)¹ 31.96(a)¹	I(3999350-4031628)³ 171988¹ NM_001026325.1¹ NP_001021496.1¹

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for TRIO (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for TRIO (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
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Paralogs for TRIO gene

KALRN² ARHGEF25² PLEKHG4B² MCF2L2² MCF2L² KIAA1755² PLEKHG4² MCF2²

ARHGEF40²

18/23 SIMAP similar genes for TRIO using alignment to 5 protein entries: TRIO_HUMAN (see all proteins) (see all similar genes):

tgat KALRN STK17B ARHGEF25 GEFT SESTD1

DAPK3 STK17A MCF2L2 MCF2L DAPK2 MARK4

NUAK1 PNCK PRKAA1 PRKACB CAMK1D KIN27

TRIO for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 5 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs152383^1,2	C,H,	--	14141837(+)	`GTATCT/CACATA`	1	--	us2k¹		12		NA WA CSA EA	373
rs152382^1,2	C,F,A,	--	14141967(+)	`TATGGA/TCTCAT`	1	--	us2k¹		8		WA NA CSA EA	368
rs184647206^1,2		--	14142456(+)	`CTCCAA/GCTCTA`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs3849082^1,2	C,F,A,H,	--	14142643(+)	`CTGGAT/ACCTTT`	1	--	us2k¹		13		MN NS EA NA CSA WA	848
rs143988469^1,2		--	14143045(+)	`CCTTGA/CGGGCT`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs13180741^1,2	C	--	14143354(+)	`AGCCCC/TTCTTT`	1	--	us2k¹ tfbs³ trp³		0	--	--	--	--
rs13180743^1,2	C	--	14143356(+)	`CCCCTC/TTTTTT`	1	--	us2k¹ trp³		0	--	--	--	--
rs189558765^1,2		--	14143364(+)	`TTTTTC/TCCTTC`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs11749516^1,2	C,H	--	14144117(+)	`CCGCAA/GGCTCT`	1	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs249493^1,2	C,F,A,	--	14144399(+)	`CCGAGC/GGGACT`	1	--	int¹		8		MN NA WA CSA EA	549

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for TRIO (14143811 - 14393811 bp, first 250kb of TRIO)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 8 variations for TRIO
5 CNVs: 69013 37941 69014 8480 51577
3 Indels: 80833 46780 92892
Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): TRIO

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

1 SABiosciences qBiomarker Copy Number PCR Array containing TRIO:

Oncogenes & Tumor Suppressor Genes 384HC

QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing TRIO

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for TRIO

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
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TRIO for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 601893    OMIM disorders: --

15 diseases for TRIO:    About MalaCards

soft tissue sarcoma urinary bladder cancer toxic encephalopathy esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

squamous cell carcinoma gout spasticity sarcoma

esophagitis breast cancer glioblastoma carcinoma

schizophrenia neuronitis alcoholism

Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: TRIO (109 documents)

Export disorders for TRIO gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for TRIO gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 64):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with TRIO)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

The multidomain protein Trio binds the LAR transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase, contains a protein kinase domain, and has separate rac- specific and rho-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor domains. (PubMed id 8643598)^{1, 2, 3} Debant A....Streuli M. (1996)
NMR structure and mutagenesis of the N-terminal Dbl homology domain of the nucleotide exchange factor Trio. (PubMed id 9790533)^{1, 2, 9} Liu X.... Fesik S.W. (1998)
Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. (PubMed id 17081983)^{1, 2} Olsen J.V....Mann M. (2006)
Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)^{1, 2} Ota T.... Sugano S. (2004)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Trio amino-terminal guanine nucleotide exchange factor domain expression promotes actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell migration and anchorage-independent cell growth. (PubMed id 10341202)^{1, 2} Seipel K.... Streuli M. (1999)
The trio guanine nucleotide exchange factor is a RhoA target. Binding of RhoA to the trio immunoglobulin-like domain. (PubMed id 10948190)^{1, 9} Medley Q.G....Streuli M. (2000)
The DH and PH domains of Trio coordinately engage Rho GTPases for their efficient activation. (PubMed id 17391702)^{1, 9} Chhatriwala M.K....Sondek J. (2007)
Identification of novel neuronal isoforms of the Rho-GEF Trio. (PubMed id 16033331)^{1, 9} Portales-Casamar E....Debant A. (2006)
Galphaq directly activates p63RhoGEF and Trio via a conserved extension of the Dbl homology-associated pleckstrin homology domain. (PubMed id 17606614)^{1, 9} Rojas R.J.... Sondek J. (2007)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 7204	HGNC: 12303	AceView: TRIO	Ensembl:ENSG00000038382	euGenes: HUgn7204
ECgene: TRIO	H-InvDB: TRIO

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for TRIO	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

Intellectual Property for TRIO gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for TRIO gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving TRIO

GeneCards and IP:
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