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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

TLX2 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 53
GCID: GC02P074740

T-cell leukemia homeobox 2

(Previous names: homeo box 11-like 1, T-cell leukemia, homeobox 2 )
(Previous symbol: HOX11L1)
 Explore 7 diseases affiliated with
TLX2 via our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for TLX2
    

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
T-Cell Leukemia Homeobox 21 2     Neural Crest Homeobox Protein2 3
HOX11L11 2 3 5     Enx1
NCX1 2 3     Tlx21
Homeo Box 11-Like 11 2     T-Cell Leukemia, Homeobox 21
Homeobox Protein Hox-11L12 3     T-Cell Leukemia Homeobox Protein 22

External Ids:    HGNC: 50571   Entrez Gene: 31962   Ensembl: ENSG000001152977   OMIM: 6042405   UniProtKB: O437633   

Export aliases for TLX2 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC02U990046 GC02P074954 GC02P074698 GC02P074715 GC02P074652 GC02P074596 GC02P074477


(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for TLX2:
This gene is a member of an orphan homeobox-containing transcription factor family. Studies of the mouse ortholog have
shown that the encoded protein is crucial for the development of the enteric nervous system; in humans,
loss-of-function may play a role in tumorigenesis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. (provided by RefSeq, May 2010)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TLX2_HUMAN, O43763
Function: Transcription activator that binds DNA elements with the consensus sequence 5'-CGGTAATTGG-3'. Binds DNA via
its homeobox. Required for normal cell death of enteric neurons in the gastrointestinal tract. Required for normal
development of the enteric nervous system, and for proper development of normal motility of the gastrointestinal tract
(By similarity)

Gene Wiki entry for TLX2


(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000002.11  NC_018913.1  NT_022184.15  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the TLX2 gene promoter:
         E2F-3a   E2F-4   E2F-5   STAT1   E2F-2   PPAR-gamma1   E2F-1   E2F   PPAR-gamma2   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmidTLX2 promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for TLX2

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat TLX2


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 2p13.1   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  2p13.1   HGNC cytogenetic band: 2p13.1

TLX2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
TLX2 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 2         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC02P074740:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
74,740,590 bp from pter      End:
74,744,769 bp from pter
Size:
4,180 bases      Orientation:
plus strand

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TLX2_HUMAN, O43763 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: T-cell leukemia homeobox protein 2  
Size: 284 amino acids; 30251 Da
Subcellular location: Nucleus (Probable)
1 PDB 3D structure from and Proteopedia for TLX2:
3A03 (3D)    
Secondary accessions: Q9UD56 Q9UQ48

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for TLX2: NX_O43763

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_O43763

  • TLX2 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins: NP_057254.1  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000448353   ENSP00000233638  

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    Uscn Proteins for TLX2

    Gene Ontology (GO): 3 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005575cellular_component ND--
    GO:0005634nucleus IEA--
    GO:0005737cytoplasm IEA--


    TLX2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    TLX2 for domains           About GeneDecksing

    4 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR017970 Homeobox_CS
     IPR020479 Homeobox_metazoa
     IPR001356 Homeodomain
     IPR009057 Homeodomain-like

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry O43763

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: O43763

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TLX2_HUMAN, O43763
    Similarity: Contains 1 homeobox DNA-binding domain


    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TLX2_HUMAN, O43763
    Function: Transcription activator that binds DNA elements with the consensus sequence 5'-CGGTAATTGG-3'. Binds DNA via
    its homeobox. Required for normal cell death of enteric neurons in the gastrointestinal tract. Required for normal
    development of the enteric nervous system, and for proper development of normal motility of the gastrointestinal tract
    (By similarity)

    miRNA
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    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat TLX2
    8/11 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate TLX2 (see all 11):
    hsa-miR-3194-5p hsa-miR-663 hsa-miR-4268 hsa-miR-1908 hsa-miR-500a hsa-miR-1205 hsa-miR-4258 hsa-miR-1233
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmidTLX2 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
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    Gene Ontology (GO): 4 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0003674molecular_function ND--
    GO:0003700sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity IEA--
    GO:0005515protein binding ----
    GO:0043565sequence-specific DNA binding IEA--


    TLX2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for TLX2:
     Increased HPV18 LCR reporter a 

    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-outs for TLX2: Tlx2tm1Sjk Tlx2tm1Htno
         6 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 4 alleles(MGI details for Tlx2):
     craniofacial  digestive/alimentary  embryogenesis  growth/size  mortality/aging 
     nervous system 

    TLX2 for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways  About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Neural Crest Differentiation
    Neural Crest Differentiation1.00
    2ALK1 signaling events
    ALK1 signaling events1.00
    3Ubiquitin-dependent degradation of the Smad complex terminates BMP2 signalling
    ALK2 signaling events0.31


    3 BioSystems Pathways for TLX2 
        Neural Crest Differentiation
    ALK2 signaling events
    ALK1 signaling events


    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for TLX2

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 12)

    5/12 Interacting proteins for TLX2 (O437633 ENSP000002336384) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 12)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    GTF2A1LQ9UNN43, ENSP000003845974I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000384597
    IRF6O148963, ENSP000003559884I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000355988
    IRF9Q009783, ENSP000003800734I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000380073
    MCM4P339913, ENSP000002621054I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000262105
    MEIS1O004703, ENSP000002723694I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000272369
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0001707mesoderm formation IEA--
    GO:0006351transcription, DNA-dependent IEA--
    GO:0008150biological_process ND--
    GO:0048484enteric nervous system development IEA--
    GO:0050774negative regulation of dendrite morphogenesis IEA--


    TLX2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section
    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for TLX2
    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about TLX2 

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
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    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section

    REFSEQ mRNAs for TLX2 gene: 
    NM_016170.4  

    Unigene Cluster for TLX2:

    T-cell leukemia homeobox 2
    Hs.168586  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: BC006396
    4 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000497238 ENST00000464417 ENST00000233638(uc002sma.2 uc002smb.2)
    ENST00000460969

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    hsa-miR-3194-5p hsa-miR-663 hsa-miR-4268 hsa-miR-1908 hsa-miR-500a hsa-miR-1205 hsa-miR-4258 hsa-miR-1233
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      QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat TLX2
      QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat TLX2

    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AB008501.1 AB593086.1 BC006356.2 BC006396.1 BC018611.1 

    4 DOTS entries:

    DT.438504  DT.92051709  DT.99977125  DT.120962822 

    24/28 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 28):

    BX283762 NM_001534 NM_016170 BF516561 BC006396 BC006356 BG683519 BM722820 
    AI478961 BC018611 BE260061 AW593130 AI797648 AB008501 BG329507 BG683019 
    BG750951 BF314276 BX283474 BE255933 AA631074 BX393815 AA662660 BF315995 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure


    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    TLX2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: GTCTAGTGGC

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)

    About this image

    TLX2 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    Stem Cell Differentiation: 1 LifeMap Cell 
    NameCategory
    Neurospheres (Generation of neuros...)
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization

    See TLX2 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for TLX2

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.168586
        SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for TLX2
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    In Situ
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    Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for TLX2

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section

    This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

    Orthologs for TLX2 gene from 2/11 species (see all 11)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification
    Gene Description Human
    Similarity
    Orthology
    Type
    Details
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)
    Actinopterygii tlx21 T-cell leukemia, homeobox 2 64.09(n)
    67.18(a)
      170781  NM_153651.2  NP_705937.2 
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)
    Insecta C153 mesoderm cell fate specification RNA
    polymerase more
    63(a)   93E3   --


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for TLX2 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for TLX2 (if available) 

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for TLX2 gene
    NKX2-12  HMX32  LBX22  NKX3-12  TLX12  NKX2-32  HMX22  NKX3-22  
    NKX2-62  NKX2-82  NKX2-52  LBX12  NKX2-22  NKX2-42  HMX12  TLX32  
    2 SIMAP similar genes for TLX2 using alignment to 3 protein entries:     TLX2_HUMAN (see all proteins):
    TLX3    TLX1

    TLX2 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/60 NCBI SNPs in TLX2 are shown (see all 60    About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance
    Chr 2 posSequence#AA
    Chg
    TypeMore#Allele
    freq
    PopTotal
    sample
    More
    ----------
    rs1830981281,2
    --74739770(+) TCACCG/TTGTTA 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs1868297151,2
    --74739778(+) TTAGCC/GAGGAT 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs1912141421,2
    --74739814(+) CCACCC/TGCCTC 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs1140097481,2
    C,F,--74739920(+) CATTTA/TTGGTT 1 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- T:0.09WA 118
    rs739496761,2
    C,--74739934(+) CTCCTC/TTAGAT 1 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- T:0.50WA 2
    rs1412005951,2
    --74740001(+) TCTTTA/TTCTTT 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs1432508871,2
    --74740009(+) TTTCTA/GCCCAG 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs101764701,2
    C,F,A,H,--74740075(+) CAGGCA/GCCAGG 1 -- us2k112Minor allele frequency- G:0.03NA WA CSA EA 376
    rs788782571,2
    C,F,--74740117(+) GGGCAG/TAGTCT 1 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- T:0.07WA 118
    rs37554471,2
    C,F,A,H,--74740194(+) TACAAG/AGCATT 1 -- us2k127Minor allele frequency- A:0.38NS EA NA WA CSA 2715

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for TLX2 (74740590 - 74744769 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 2 variations for TLX2
         2 CNVs: 50556 3366

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    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    TLX2 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 604240    OMIM disorders: --

    7 diseases for TLX2:    About MalaCards
    gastrointestinal stromal tumor    t-cell leukemia    intestinal pseudo-obstruction    leukemia
    megacolon    neuroblastoma    neuronitis

    1 Novoseek disease relationship for TLX2 gene    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    dysplasia 42.1 1 17505528 (1)


    Export disorders for TLX2 gene to outside databases

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for TLX2 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 19):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with TLX2)
        Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. An enhancer element for expression of the Ncx (Enx, Hox11L1) gene in neural crest-derived cells. (PubMed id 10446220)1, 2, 9 Iitsuka Y.... Hatano M. (1999)
    2. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    3. HOX11L1, a gene involved in peripheral nervous system development, maps to human chromosome 2p13.1-->p12 and mouse chromosome 6C3-D1. (PubMed id 10343123)1, 3 Puliti A....Ceccherini I. (1999)
    4. The TLX2 homeobox gene is a transcriptional target of PHOX2B in neural-crest-derived cells. (PubMed id 16402914)1, 9 Borghini S....Ceccherini I. (2006)
    5. Na+/Ca2+ exchanger is a determinant of excitation-con traction coupling in human embryonic stem cell-derived ventricular cardiomyocyt es. (PubMed id 19719399)1 Fu J.D....Li R.A. (2010)
    6. Cooperative DNA-binding and sequence-recognition mechanism of aristaless and clawless. (PubMed id 20389279)2 Miyazono K....Tanokura M. (2010)
    7. An atlas of combinatorial transcriptional regulation in mouse and man. (PubMed id 20211142)1 Ravasi T....Hayashizaki Y. (2010)
    8. Selective interference with TRPC3/6 channels disrupts OX1 receptor signalling via NCX and reveals a distinct calcium influx pathway. (PubMed id 20728215)1 Louhivuori L.M....Akerman K.E. (2010)
    9. Functional characterization of a minimal sequence ess ential for the expression of human TLX2 gene. (PubMed id 20044949)1 Borghini S....Ceccherini I. (2009)
    10. Allelic loss of Hox11L1 gene locus predicts outcome of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. (PubMed id 16969514)1 Kaifi J.T....Izbicki J.R. (2006)

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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    Entrez Gene: 3196 HGNC: 5057 AceView: TLX2 Ensembl:ENSG00000115297 euGenes: HUgn3196
    ECgene: TLX2 H-InvDB: TLX2

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
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    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
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    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for TLX2 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
    ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for TLX2 Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
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    Patent Information for TLX2 gene:
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