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THNSL2 Gene(Protein Coding)

Threonine Synthase Like 2

GCID:
GC02P088170
GIFtS:
48
Genes Participants
UDN Logo

Aliases for THNSL2 Gene

Aliases for THNSL2 Gene

  • Threonine Synthase Like 2 2 3 5
  • Secreted Osteoclastogenic Factor Of Activated T Cells 2 3
  • SOFAT 3 4
  • TSH2 3 4
  • Secreted Osteoclastogenic Factor Of Activated T-Cells 4
  • Threonine Synthase-Like 2 (S. Cerevisiae) 2
  • Threonine Synthase-Like 2 3
  • EC 4.2.3.1 61
  • EC 4.2.3.- 4
  • EC 4.2.3 61
  • THS2 3

External Ids for THNSL2 Gene

Previous GeneCards Identifiers for THNSL2 Gene

  • GC02P088251
  • GC02P088469
  • GC02P087392

Summaries for THNSL2 Gene

Entrez Gene Summary for THNSL2 Gene

  • This gene encodes a threonine synthase-like protein. A similar enzyme in mouse can catalyze the degradation of O-phospho-homoserine to a-ketobutyrate, phosphate, and ammonia. This protein also has phospho-lyase activity on both gamma and beta phosphorylated substrates. In mouse an alternatively spliced form of this protein has been shown to act as a cytokine and can induce the production of the inflammatory cytokine IL6 in osteoblasts. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

GeneCards Summary for THNSL2 Gene

THNSL2 (Threonine Synthase Like 2) is a Protein Coding gene. GO annotations related to this gene include cytokine activity and lyase activity. An important paralog of this gene is THNSL1.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for THNSL2 Gene

  • Isoform 1: Acts as a catabolic phospho-lyase on both gamma- and beta-phosphorylated substrates. Degrades O-phospho-threonine (PThr) to alpha-ketobutyrate, ammonia and phosphate (By similarity).

  • Isoform SOFAT: Potent inducer of osteoblastic production of IL6. May act to exacerbate inflammation and/or bone turnover under inflammatory conditions.

No data available for Tocris Summary , Gene Wiki entry , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for THNSL2 Gene

Genomics for THNSL2 Gene

Products:

  1. Regulatory Element

Regulatory Elements for THNSL2 Gene

Enhancers for THNSL2 Gene
GeneHancer Identifier Enhancer Score Enhancer Sources Gene-Enhancer Score TSS distance (kb) Number of Genes Away Size (kb) Transcription Factor Binding Sites within enhancer Gene Targets for Enhancer
GH02F088160 0.9 ENCODE 82.5 -10.2 -10219 0.2 ELF3 WRNIP1 ARID4B DMAP1 ZSCAN9 RAD21 RARA SLC30A9 ZNF143 MIXL1 THNSL2 FABP1 GC02P088146
GH02F088169 0.6 ENCODE 79.5 +0.2 213 1.7 HDAC2 POLR2A ZBTB11 PRDM10 ZBTB26 THNSL2 FABP1 LOC101928347
GH02F088125 1 ENCODE 33.8 -41.3 -41309 6.7 ATF1 MLX ZFP64 ARID4B ZNF48 YY1 PAF1 ZNF202 SP5 NFYC FABP1 THNSL2 KRCC1 GC02P088146
GH02F088212 1.2 Ensembl ENCODE 23.5 +42.4 42411 1.0 ELF3 ARID4B ZNF48 ZSCAN9 RAD21 DNMT3B GATA4 ZNF143 CREM MIXL1 THNSL2 GC02M088230 RNY4P15 PIR44570
GH02F088144 0.7 ENCODE 38.1 -24.7 -24694 3.0 ELF3 ARID4B THRB RAD21 RARA TEAD3 YY1 HOMEZ GATAD2A ATF2 THNSL2 FABP1 KRCC1 GC02P088146
- Elite enhancer and/or Elite enhancer-gene association Download GeneHancer data dump

Enhancers around THNSL2 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Promoters for THNSL2 Gene
Ensembl Regulatory Elements (ENSRs) TSS Distance (bp) Size (bp) Binding Sites for Transcription Factors within promoters
ENSR00000123006 106 1600 HDAC2 POLR2A ZBTB11 PRDM10

Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the THNSL2 gene promoter:

Genomic Location for THNSL2 Gene

Chromosome:
2
Start:
88,170,295 bp from pter
End:
88,186,637 bp from pter
Size:
16,343 bases
Orientation:
Plus strand

Genomic View for THNSL2 Gene

Genes around THNSL2 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Cytogenetic band:
THNSL2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Location for THNSL2 Gene
GeneLoc Logo Genomic Neighborhood • Exon Structure • Gene Density

RefSeq DNA sequence for THNSL2 Gene

Proteins for THNSL2 Gene

Products:

  1. Antibody
  2. Protein
  3. Assay

  • Protein details for THNSL2 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

    Protein Symbol:
    Q86YJ6-THNS2_HUMAN
    Recommended name:
    Threonine synthase-like 2
    Protein Accession:
    Q86YJ6
    Secondary Accessions:
    • B3KTB1
    • B5MDX8
    • B7WPF8
    • D9ZZB8
    • Q6P2M7
    • Q6PI27
    • Q9NV54

    Protein attributes for THNSL2 Gene

    Size:
    484 amino acids
    Molecular mass:
    54116 Da
    Cofactor:
    Name=pyridoxal 5-phosphate; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:597326;
    Quaternary structure:
    No Data Available
    SequenceCaution:
    • Sequence=AAX88906.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; Sequence=BAA91904.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};

    Alternative splice isoforms for THNSL2 Gene

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

neXtProt entry for THNSL2 Gene

Protein Expression for THNSL2 Gene

See protein expression from ProteomicsDB, MOPED, PaxDb, and MaxQB

Selected DME Specific Peptides for THNSL2 Gene

Q86YJ6:
  • PRCCLAPASA
  • AFSRFRHR
  • TSGDTGS

Post-translational modifications for THNSL2 Gene

  • Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus
  • Modification sites at neXtProt

Other Protein References for THNSL2 Gene

ENSEMBL proteins:
REFSEQ proteins:

Domains & Families for THNSL2 Gene

Protein Domains for THNSL2 Gene

InterPro:
Blocks:
ProtoNet:

Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for THNSL2 Gene

GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry

Q86YJ6

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

THNS2_HUMAN :
  • Belongs to the threonine synthase family.
Family:
  • Belongs to the threonine synthase family.
genes like me logo Genes that share domains with THNSL2: view

No data available for Gene Families for THNSL2 Gene

Function for THNSL2 Gene

Products:

  1. Animal Model
  2. CRISPR
  3. miRNA
  4. Inhibitory RNA
  5. Clone
  6. Cell Line
  7. Flow Cytometry

Molecular function for THNSL2 Gene

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
Isoform 1: Acts as a catabolic phospho-lyase on both gamma- and beta-phosphorylated substrates. Degrades O-phospho-threonine (PThr) to alpha-ketobutyrate, ammonia and phosphate (By similarity).
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
Isoform SOFAT: Potent inducer of osteoblastic production of IL6. May act to exacerbate inflammation and/or bone turnover under inflammatory conditions.

Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) for THNSL2 Gene

Gene Ontology (GO) - Molecular Function for THNSL2 Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0003674 molecular_function ND --
GO:0004795 NOT threonine synthase activity IBA --
GO:0005125 cytokine activity IEA --
GO:0016829 lyase activity IEA --
GO:0030170 pyridoxal phosphate binding ISS 17034760
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with THNSL2: view
genes like me logo Genes that share phenotypes with THNSL2: view

Animal Model Products

Inhibitory RNA Products

Flow Cytometry Products

No data available for Human Phenotype Ontology , Animal Models , miRNA , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for THNSL2 Gene

Localization for THNSL2 Gene

Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for THNSL2 Gene

Isoform SOFAT: Secreted. Note=Secreted by activated T-cells via a calcineurin-independent pathway.

Subcellular locations from

COMPARTMENTS
Extracellular space Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion 0 1 2 3 4 5 Confidence
COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization image for THNSL2 gene
Compartment Confidence
extracellular 5
mitochondrion 2
cytosol 2
peroxisome 1
nucleus 1

Gene Ontology (GO) - Cellular Components for THNSL2 Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0005575 cellular_component ND --
GO:0005576 extracellular region IEA --
GO:0005615 extracellular space IEA --
GO:0005737 cytoplasm IBA --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with THNSL2: view

Pathways & Interactions for THNSL2 Gene

SuperPathways for THNSL2 Gene

PathCards logo More details on SuperPathways for THNSL2
No Data Available

Gene Ontology (GO) - Biological Process for THNSL2 Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0008150 biological_process ND --
GO:0009071 serine family amino acid catabolic process ISS 17034760
GO:0009088 NOT threonine biosynthetic process IBA --
GO:0016311 dephosphorylation ISS 17034760
GO:0046360 2-oxobutyrate biosynthetic process ISS 17034760
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with THNSL2: view

No data available for Pathways by source and SIGNOR curated interactions for THNSL2 Gene

Drugs & Compounds for THNSL2 Gene

Products:

  1. Drug

(1) Drugs for THNSL2 Gene - From: HMDB

Name Status Disease Links Group Role Mechanism of Action Clinical Trials
Pyridoxal Phosphate Nutra 14
genes like me logo Genes that share compounds with THNSL2: view

Transcripts for THNSL2 Gene

Products:

  1. CRISPR
  2. miRNA
  3. Inhibitory RNA
  4. Clone
  5. Flow Cytometry

mRNA/cDNA for THNSL2 Gene

(15) REFSEQ mRNAs :
(10) Additional mRNA sequences :
(140) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
(10) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :

Unigene Clusters for THNSL2 Gene

Threonine synthase-like 2 (S. cerevisiae):
Representative Sequences:

Inhibitory RNA Products

Flow Cytometry Products

Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for THNSL2 Gene

ExUns: 1a · 1b · 1c · 1d ^ 2 ^ 3a · 3b ^ 4a · 4b · 4c · 4d ^ 5a · 5b ^ 6a · 6b · 6c ^ 7 ^ 8a · 8b ^ 9a · 9b ^ 10a · 10b ^ 11 ^ 12 ^ 13a ·
SP1: - - - - - -
SP2: - - -
SP3: - - - - -
SP4: - - - -
SP5: - - - -
SP6: - - - -
SP7: - -
SP8: - - - - - - - -
SP9: -
SP10:
SP11:

ExUns: 13b · 13c · 13d
SP1:
SP2:
SP3:
SP4:
SP5:
SP6:
SP7:
SP8:
SP9:
SP10:
SP11:

Relevant External Links for THNSL2 Gene

GeneLoc Exon Structure for
THNSL2
ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for
THNSL2

Expression for THNSL2 Gene

Products:

  1. Primer

mRNA expression in normal human tissues from GTEx, Illumina, BioGPS, and SAGE for THNSL2 Gene

mRNA expression in normal human tissues for THNSL2 Gene
mRNA expression by BioGPS for THNSL2 GenemRNA expression by GTEx for THNSL2 Gene

mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery

Protein differential expression in normal tissues from HIPED for THNSL2 Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Retina (28.0), Platelet (19.3), Testis (7.4), and Prostate (6.1).

Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, MaxQB, and MOPED for THNSL2 Gene



NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of THNSL2 Gene:

THNSL2

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for THNSL2 Gene:

Hs.740434
genes like me logo Genes that share expression patterns with THNSL2: view

Primer Products

No data available for mRNA differential expression in normal tissues , Protein tissue co-expression partners and mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for THNSL2 Gene

Orthologs for THNSL2 Gene

This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals and fungi.

Orthologs for THNSL2 Gene

Organism Taxonomy Gene Similarity Type Details
chimpanzee
(Pan troglodytes)
 Mammalia THNSL2 34 35
  • 99.45 (n)
dog
(Canis familiaris)
 Mammalia THNSL2 34 35
  • 87.6 (n)
cow
(Bos Taurus)
 Mammalia THNSL2 34 35
  • 86.14 (n)
mouse
(Mus musculus)
 Mammalia Thnsl2 34 16 35
  • 84.33 (n)
rat
(Rattus norvegicus)
 Mammalia Thnsl2 34
  • 84.16 (n)
platypus
(Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
 Mammalia THNSL2 35
  • 70 (a)
 OneToOne
oppossum
(Monodelphis domestica)
 Mammalia THNSL2 35
  • 65 (a)
 OneToOne
chicken
(Gallus gallus)
 Aves THNSL2 34 35
  • 69.75 (n)
lizard
(Anolis carolinensis)
 Reptilia THNSL2 35
  • 66 (a)
 OneToOne
tropical clawed frog
(Silurana tropicalis)
 Amphibia thnsl2 34
  • 64.47 (n)
zebrafish
(Danio rerio)
 Actinopterygii thnsl2 34 35
  • 58.53 (n)
baker's yeast
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
 Saccharomycetes THR4 34 35 37
  • 47.8 (n)
K. lactis yeast
(Kluyveromyces lactis)
 Saccharomycetes KLLA0C09020g 34
  • 47.69 (n)
bread mold
(Neurospora crassa)
 Ascomycetes NCU03425 34
  • 48.92 (n)
fission yeast
(Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
 Schizosaccharomycetes SPAC9E9.06c 34
  • 46.57 (n)
sea squirt
(Ciona savignyi)
 Ascidiacea -- 35
  • 44 (a)
 OneToOne
Species where no ortholog for THNSL2 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
  • A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
  • Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
  • African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
  • African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
  • Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
  • alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
  • amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
  • Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
  • barley (Hordeum vulgare)
  • beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
  • Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
  • common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
  • corn (Zea mays)
  • E. coli (Escherichia coli)
  • filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
  • Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
  • fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
  • green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
  • honey bee (Apis mellifera)
  • loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
  • malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
  • medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
  • moss (Physcomitrella patens)
  • orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
  • pig (Sus scrofa)
  • rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
  • rice (Oryza sativa)
  • rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
  • schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
  • sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
  • sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
  • sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
  • soybean (Glycine max)
  • stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
  • sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
  • thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  • tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
  • toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
  • Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
  • wheat (Triticum aestivum)
  • worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)

Evolution for THNSL2 Gene

ENSEMBL:
Gene Tree for THNSL2 (if available)
TreeFam:
Gene Tree for THNSL2 (if available)

Paralogs for THNSL2 Gene

Paralogs for THNSL2 Gene

genes like me logo Genes that share paralogs with THNSL2: view

Variants for THNSL2 Gene

Sequence variations from dbSNP and Humsavar for THNSL2 Gene

SNP ID Clin Chr 02 pos Sequence Context AA Info Type
rs10182147 -- 88,171,447(+) GAAGG(G/T)CATTT intron-variant, nc-transcript-variant, upstream-variant-2KB, utr-variant-5-prime
rs10198979 -- 88,169,585(+) TTTTT(A/T)TAAAG intron-variant, upstream-variant-2KB
rs111266815 -- 88,180,344(+) ATAAG(-/A)AAGAG intron-variant
rs111555319 -- 88,174,804(+) GGAGA(A/G)GAGGG intron-variant, nc-transcript-variant, reference, missense, utr-variant-5-prime
rs111938922 -- 88,180,715(+) TGTCC(A/G)GGCTG intron-variant

Structural Variations from Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) for THNSL2 Gene

Variant ID Type Subtype PubMed ID
nsv834289 CNV gain 17160897
nsv582386 CNV loss 21841781
nsv582384 CNV loss 21841781
nsv582383 CNV gain 21841781
nsv507021 OTHER sequence alteration 20534489
nsv1148611 CNV deletion 26484159
nsv1130752 CNV deletion 24896259
nsv1072005 CNV deletion 25765185
esv2518093 CNV insertion 19546169
esv1593020 CNV insertion 17803354
esv1550357 CNV insertion 17803354
dgv6947n54 CNV gain 21841781
dgv61n16 CNV deletion 17901297

Variation tolerance for THNSL2 Gene

Residual Variation Intolerance Score: 90.9% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score: 4.63; 65.58% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)

Relevant External Links for THNSL2 Gene

SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
THNSL2

No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for THNSL2 Gene

Disorders for THNSL2 Gene

Relevant External Links for THNSL2

Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology:
THNSL2

No disorders were found for THNSL2 Gene.

No data available for MalaCards , UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for THNSL2 Gene

Publications for THNSL2 Gene

  1. A novel T cell cytokine, secreted osteoclastogenic factor of activated T cells, induces osteoclast formation in a RANKL-independent manner. (PMID: 19877052) Rifas L. … Weitzmann M.N. (Arthritis Rheum. 2009) 2 3 4 64
  2. A threonine synthase homolog from a mammalian genome. (PMID: 17034760) Donini S. … Peracchi A. (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2006) 2 3 64
  3. Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PMID: 14702039) Ota T. … Sugano S. (Nat. Genet. 2004) 3 4 64
  4. In vitro evaluation of the biological effect of SOFAT on osteoblasts. (PMID: 25916677) Napimoga M.H. … Martinez E.F. (Int. Immunopharmacol. 2015) 3 64
  5. Secreted osteoclastogenic factor of activated T cells (SOFAT), a novel osteoclast activator, in chronic periodontitis. (PMID: 23619471) Jarry C.R. … Napimoga M.H. (Hum. Immunol. 2013) 3 64

Products for THNSL2 Gene

Sources for THNSL2 Gene

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