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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

TGM2 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 73
GCID: GC20M036756

transglutaminase 2 (C polypeptide, protein-glutamine-gamma-glutamyltransferase)

 Explore 86 diseases affiliated with
TGM2 via our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for TGM2
    

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Transglutaminase 2 (C Polypeptide,
Protein-Glutamine-Gamma-Glutamyltransferase)1 2
     G-ALPHA-H1
TGC1 2 3     GNAH2
Tissue Transglutaminase2 3     TG22
Transglutaminase C2 3     TGase-H2
Transglutaminase H2 3     C Polypeptide2
TG(C)2 3     Protein-Glutamine Gamma-Glutamyltransferase 22
TGase-22 3     Protein-Glutamine-Gamma-Glutamyltransferase1
TGase C2 3     Transglutaminase-23
TGase H2 3     Transglutaminase-23
EC 2.3.2.133 8     

External Ids:    HGNC: 117781   Entrez Gene: 70522   Ensembl: ENSG000001989597   OMIM: 1901965   UniProtKB: P219803   

Export aliases for TGM2 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC20M036486 GC20M037395 GC20M037442 GC20M036190 GC20M033493


(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for TGM2:
Transglutaminases are enzymes that catalyze the crosslinking of proteins by epsilon-gamma glutamyl lysine isopeptide
bonds. While the primary structure of transglutaminases is not conserved, they all have the same amino acid sequence
at their active sites and their activity is calcium-dependent. The protein encoded by this gene acts as a monomer, is
induced by retinoic acid, and appears to be involved in apoptosis. Finally, the encoded protein is the autoantigen
implicated in celiac disease. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
(provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TGM2_HUMAN, P21980
Function: Catalyzes the cross-linking of proteins and the conjugation of polyamines to proteins

Gene Wiki entry for TGM2 (Tissue transglutaminase)


(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000020.10  NC_018931.1  NT_011362.10  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the TGM2 gene promoter:
         COUP-TF1   STAT1   COUP-TF   COUP   HNF-4alpha1   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 3): TGM2 promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for TGM2

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat TGM2


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 20q12   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  20q11.23   HGNC cytogenetic band: 20q12

TGM2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
TGM2 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 20         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC20M036756:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
36,756,863 bp from pter      End:
36,794,980 bp from pter
Size:
38,118 bases      Orientation:
minus strand

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TGM2_HUMAN, P21980 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2  
Size: 687 amino acids; 77329 Da
Cofactor: Binds 1 calcium ion per subunit (By similarity)
Subunit: Monomer
6/7 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for TGM2 (see all 7):
1FAU (3D)        1KV3 (3D)        2Q3Z (3D)        3LY6 (3D)        3S3J (3D)        3S3P (3D)    
Secondary accessions: E1P5V9 Q16436 Q6B838 Q9BTN7 Q9UH35
Alternative splicing: 3 isoforms:  P21980-1   P21980-2   P21980-3   

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for TGM2: NX_P21980

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P21980

  • 4/14 DME Specific Peptides for TGM2 (P21980) (see all 14)
     LVVRRGQ  WMTRPDL  WNFGQFE  GRWDNNY 

    TGM2 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    TGM2 Protein Expression
    REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_004604.2  NP_945189.1  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000355330   ENSP00000362502   ENSP00000387642   ENSP00000444701   ENSP00000437479  

    Human Recombinant Protein Products for TGM2: 
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    OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate (see all 3): TGM2
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    Novus Biologicals TGM2 Proteins
    Novus Biologicals TGM2 Lysates
    Sino Biological Recombinant Protein for TGM2
    ProSpec Recombinant Protein for TGM2
    Uscn Proteins for TGM2

    Gene Ontology (GO): 3 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005737cytoplasm ----
    GO:0005739mitochondrion IEA--
    GO:0005886plasma membrane IEA--

    TGM2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    TGM2 Antibody Products: 
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    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for TGM2


    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    TGM2 for domains           About GeneDecksing

    5/7 InterPro domains/families (see all 7):
     IPR008958 Transglutaminase_C
     IPR014756 Ig_E-set
     IPR023608 Gln_gamma-glutamylTfrase_euk
     IPR001102 Transglutaminase_N
     IPR013808 Transglutaminase_CS

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P21980

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: P21980

    1 Blocks protein family: IPB002931 Transglutaminase-like domain

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TGM2_HUMAN, P21980
    Similarity: Belongs to the transglutaminase superfamily. Transglutaminase family


    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, inGenious Targeting Laboratory,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, Sirion Biotech, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    Molecular Function:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: TGM2_HUMAN, P21980
    Function: Catalyzes the cross-linking of proteins and the conjugation of polyamines to proteins
    Catalytic activity: Protein glutamine + alkylamine = protein N(5)-alkylglutamine + NH(3)
    Induction: By retinoic acid

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for TGM2:
    transglutaminase,C polypeptide,tissue,type II (80kDa),cytoplasmic,ubiquitous,interacting with huntingtin

         Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 2.3.2.131 2

         Gene Ontology (GO): 5 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0003810protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity ISS--
    GO:0005515protein binding IPI--
    GO:0005525GTP binding IEA--
    GO:0019904protein domain specific binding IEA--
    GO:0046872metal ion binding IEA--
         
    TGM2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    Phenotypes:
         11 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 4 alleles(MGI details for Tgm2):
     behavior/neurological  cardiovascular system  cellular  hematopoietic system  homeostasis/metabolism 
     immune system  mortality/aging  nervous system  no phenotypic analysis  renal/urinary system 
     tumorigenesis 

    TGM2 for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing

    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-outs for TGM2: Tgm2tm1.1Rmgr Tgm2tm1Gml Tgm2tm1Syki
       inGenious Targeting Laboratory - Customizable classic, inducible, and humanized mouse model solutions for TGM2 

    miRNA
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    8/15 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate TGM2 (see all 15):
    hsa-miR-485-5p hsa-miR-4283 hsa-miR-3179 hsa-miR-1270 hsa-miR-19b hsa-miR-3154 hsa-miR-620 hsa-miR-518a-5p
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmidTGM2 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:
        
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    Sirion Biotech Custom design and validation of potent shRNA sequences against TGM2 

    Gene Editing
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    Clone
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    In Situ Assay
    Products:
       

     
    Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for TGM2


    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/6 super-pathways (see all 6About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Translation_Translation regulation by Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors
    Development_Activation of ERK by Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors0.64
    Development Activation of ERK by Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors0.64
    2Thromboxane A2 receptor signaling
    Thromboxane A2 receptor signaling1.00
    3Ca, cAMP and Lipid Signaling
    Ca, cAMP and Lipid Signaling1.00
    4CREB Pathway
    Activation of PKC through GPCR0.63
    5PTEN Pathway
    Phospholipase-C Pathway0.56

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways

    1 EMD Millipore Pathway for TGM2
        Development Activation of ERK by Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors

    2 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for TGM2
        Phospholipase-C Pathway
    Activation of PKC through GPCR

    1 Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathway for TGM2
        Ca, cAMP and Lipid Signaling

    1 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathway for TGM2
        Development Activation of ERK by Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors

    1 BioSystems Pathway for TGM2 
        Thromboxane A2 receptor signaling


    1         Kegg Pathway  (Kegg details for TGM2):
        Huntington's disease


    TGM2 for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for TGM2

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

    5/86 Interacting proteins for TGM2 (P219801, 2, 3 ENSP000003553304) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 86)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    NME1P155312, 3, ENSP000000130344MINT-7219896 MINT-7219905 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000013034
    SMAD2Q157962, 3, ENSP000002621604MINT-61627 I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000262160
    SMAD3P840222, 3, ENSP000003329734MINT-61737 I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000332973
    PAK1Q131532, 3, ENSP000002785684MINT-8272762 I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000278568
    PLCD1P511782, 3MINT-15193 I2D: score=4 
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/14 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 14):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0001974blood vessel remodeling IEA--
    GO:0006917induction of apoptosis IEA--
    GO:0007200phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway ----
    GO:0018149peptide cross-linking ----
    GO:0018153isopeptide cross-linking via N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine IEA--

    TGM2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    TGM2 for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for TGM2

    3 HMDB Compounds for TGM2    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #PubMed Ids
    AmmoniaNH3 (see all 31)7664-41-7--
    CalciumCa (see all 2)7440-70-2--
    L-Glutamine(2S)-2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid (see all 31)56-85-9--

    2 DrugBank Compounds for TGM2    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #TypeActionsPubMed Ids
    Guanosine-5'-Diphosphate-- 146-91-8target--17139284 17016423
    L-Glutamine(S)-2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid (see all 4)56-85-9enzymesubstrate16987813 17075129

    10/32 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for TGM2 gene (see all 32)    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    tgm 2 93.2 108 18235007 (12), 10334875 (8), 19763620 (7), 11742196 (5) (see all 16)
    gliadin 87.4 53 14747475 (4), 16377644 (3), 18376241 (3), 15290344 (2) (see all 29)
    gluten 86.5 50 17309775 (4), 12670536 (3), 16386476 (3), 15661929 (3) (see all 23)
    epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine 83.9 6 15715085 (1), 12528814 (1), 18235007 (1), 20192918 (1)
    cystamine 82.2 27 19632032 (5), 16181425 (2), 15715085 (1), 17669706 (1) (see all 11)
    glutamine 67.6 39 18761350 (2), 10334875 (1), 12205028 (1), 14747475 (1) (see all 22)
    gtp 56.5 39 19079660 (4), 17179049 (3), 16522628 (3), 15290346 (2) (see all 14)
    reticulin 51.5 6 12524400 (2), 9834257 (1), 15082580 (1)
    monodansylcadaverine 51.4 3 15069073 (1), 1680857 (1)
    lysine 45.8 18 14747475 (3), 18761350 (2), 18950638 (1), 17988081 (1) (see all 9)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about TGM2 

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section

    REFSEQ mRNAs for TGM2 gene (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_004613.2  NM_198951.1  

    Unigene Cluster for TGM2:

    Transglutaminase 2 (C polypeptide, protein-glutamine-gamma-glutamyltransferase)
    Hs.517033  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_004613
    9 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000469269(uc002xhq.3) ENST00000485572 ENST00000361475(uc002xhr.3 uc010zvx.2 uc010zvy.2 uc002xhs.1)
    ENST00000468262(uc002xht.3) ENST00000474777(uc002xhu.3) ENST00000373403
    ENST00000453095 ENST00000536701 ENST00000536724

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    Primer
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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AK058031.1 AK291714.1 AK295775.1 AK300292.1 AK314618.1 AY675221.1 BC003551.1 BC073946.1 
    M55153.1 M98478.1 M98479.1 S81734.1 

    24/61 DOTS entries (see all 61):

    DT.97864451  DT.87017520  DT.95284662  DT.120835528  DT.91711201  DT.100884909  DT.95205745  DT.100884877 
    DT.100884887  DT.100884889  DT.120835507  DT.40245747  DT.95088396  DT.100766727  DT.100884895  DT.92462870 
    DT.100884900  DT.120835482  DT.95088391  DT.120835725  DT.92462880  DT.120835494  DT.100840838  DT.120835608 

    24/999 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 999):

    AL545245 AY675221 BU540436 BQ938957 AA627662 AI569373 BM671914 CA392853 
    BU689073 CR614057 CA438210 BQ928879 BU730565 AI872030 AL553662 AI494010 
    BX446060 BU542489 BP375772 BM844332 BF850363 BM542692 BP365741 BQ437740 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    5/19 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for TGM2 (see all 19)    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1a · 1b · 1c ^ 2a · 2b · 2c ^ 3 ^ 4a · 4b ^ 5 ^ 6 ^ 7a · 7b · 7c · 7d · 7e ^ 8a · 8b · 8c ^ 9a · 9b · 9c · 9d ^ 10a · 10b · 10c ^
    SP1:                                      -                       -     -     -     -     -     -                       -                       -               
    SP2:                                      -                       -     -     -     -     -     -     -                 -                       -               
    SP3:                                      -                       -     -     -     -     -     -                       -                       -               
    SP4:                    -                 -                       -     -     -     -     -     -                       -                       -               
    SP5:                                      -                       -     -     -     -     -     -                       -                       -               

    ExUns: 11a · 11b · 11c ^ 12 ^ 13 ^ 14a · 14b ^ 15a · 15b ^ 16a · 16b · 16c ^ 17 ^ 18a · 18b
    SP1:              -                                   -     -                                 
    SP2:              -                                   -     -                                 
    SP3:              -                                                                           
    SP4:                                                                                          
    SP5:                                                                                          


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for TGM2

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    TGM2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: TATATTTTCT
    TGM2 Expression
    About this image

    TGM2 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table

    4 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells 
    Tissue Anatomical Compartment CellCategory (developmental path)
    BoneZeugopod Epiphyseal EndChondrocytesBone, Cartilage
    LimbZeugopodMesenchymal Condensate CellsBone, Cartilage
    Yolk SacDefinitive Yolk SacErythroid Progenitor CellsBlood
    CartilageMeckel's CartilageCartilage
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization
    Stem Cell Differentiation: 4 LifeMap Cells 
    NameCategory
    PureStem™ mesenchymal progenitor 4D20.8 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)Lateral Plate Mesoderm, Neural Crest
    PureStem™ progenitor EN13 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)
    PureStem™ progenitor EN2 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)
    PureStem™ progenitor F15 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

    See TGM2 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for TGM2

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.517033
        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including TGM2: 
              Autophagy in human mouse rat
              Huntington's Disease in human mouse rat

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    Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for TGM2

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section

    This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

    Orthologs for TGM2 gene from 6/19 species (see all 19)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification
    Gene Description Human
    Similarity
    Orthology
    Type
    Details
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)
    Mammalia Tgm21 , 5 transglutaminase 2, C polypeptide1, 5 83.04(n)1
    84.26(a)1
      2 (78.72 cM)5
    218171  NM_009373.31  NP_033399.11 
     1581164025 
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)
    Aves TGM21 transglutaminase 2 (C polypeptide, protein-glutamine-gamma-glutamyltransferase) 69.39(n)
    64.82(a)
      396432  NM_205448.1  NP_990779.1 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)
    Reptilia --
    --
    --
    64(a)
    59(a)
    many → 1
    many → 1
    GL343413.1(3492-21181)
    GL343572.1(204054-264031)
    African clawed frog
    (Xenopus laevis)
    Amphibia tgm2-prov2 protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 76.19(n)    BC056053.1 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)
    Actinopterygii Dr.165242 Danio rerio protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase more 75.11(n)    AF242545.1 
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)
    Insecta CG73563 protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 34(a)     --


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for TGM2 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for TGM2 (if available) 

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for TGM2 gene
    EPB422  TGM12  TGM52  TGM42  TGM32  F13A12  TGM72  TGM62  
    10 SIMAP similar genes for TGM2 using alignment to 7 protein entries:     TGM2_HUMAN (see all proteins):
    DKFZp667H046    TGM1    TGM7    hTGP    TGM3    TGM5
    TGM6    F13A1    EPB42    TGM4

    TGM2 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/895 NCBI SNPs in TGM2 are shown (see all 895    About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance
    Chr 20 posSequence#AA
    Chg
    TypeMore#Allele
    freq
    PopTotal
    sample
    More
    ----------
    rs1815062261,2
    --36756375(+) GCCTCA/GAGGGC 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs785289161,2
    --36756400(+) AGAAGG/CGGACA 1 -- ds50012Minor allele frequency- C:0.11CSA WA 120
    rs569777641,2
    C--36756514(+) AGAGGT/AGACTT 1 -- ds50013Minor allele frequency- A:0.18WA EA 240
    rs1152902991,2
    C--36756600(+) AACTAC/TATACA 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs1160881361,2
    F--36756661(+) GTTAAT/CTGTGG 1 -- ds50011Minor allele frequency- C:0.02WA 118
    rs1507346421,2
    --36756692(+) GGAAGA/GGGCCG 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs1458641631,2
    --36756848(+) AGGAA-/CAGAC 
            
    CAGAC
    1 -- ds50010--------
    rs455211321,2
    F--36756853(-) GTCTG-/GTCTG 
            
    GTCTG
    1 -- ds50015Minor allele frequency- GTCTG:0.03NS 178
    rs1870338121,2
    --36756891(+) TTTATG/TTCAGT 1 -- ut310--------
    rs10449321,2
    C--36756896(-) CAAACA/CCTGAA 1 -- ut31 ese33Minor allele frequency- C:0.01MN NA 188

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for TGM2 (36756863 - 36794980 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 2 variations for TGM2
         1 CNV: 73517
         1 Indel: 73516
    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): TGM2

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    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    TGM2 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 190196    OMIM disorders: --

    20/86 diseases for TGM2 (see all 86):    About MalaCards
    celiac disease    immunoglobulin alpha deficiency    dermatitis herpetiformis    oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
    amyotrophic lateral sclerosis    abdominal aortic aneurysm    cervical intraepithelial neoplasia    aortic aneurysm
    nephrogenic systemic fibrosis    inflammatory bowel disease    lateral sclerosis    irritable bowel syndrome
    muscular dystrophy    arterial calcification    esophageal squamous cell carcinoma    squamous cell carcinoma
    differentiating neuroblastoma    acanthocytosis    gastrointestinal system disease    pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

    6 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for TGM2:
    Celiac disease     Immunoglobulin alpha deficiency     Dermatitis herpetiformis     Diarrhea
    Huntington's disease     Irritable bowel syndrome

    10/48 Novoseek disease relationships for TGM2 gene (see all 48)    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    celiac disease 88.6 68 19680746 (3), 12670536 (2), 14747475 (2), 18092889 (2) (see all 47)
    dermatitis herpetiformis 65.1 4 12524400 (1), 15082580 (1), 14714018 (1)
    carcinoma pancreatic ductal 62.7 1 16951195 (1)
    huntington disease 57.3 10 18379433 (2), 17127346 (2), 20395409 (1), 18417122 (1) (see all 5)
    neurodegenerative diseases 48.8 19 17127346 (3), 18220838 (2), 19079660 (1), 18375543 (1) (see all 9)
    malabsorption 45.9 1 18286171 (1)
    myopathies idiopathic inflammatory 44.4 1 14631123 (1)
    autoimmune diseases 42.1 1 19892302 (1)
    atrophy 39.2 6 10556545 (1), 15082580 (1), 16293556 (1), 15181616 (1) (see all 5)
    pancreatic cancer 29.9 7 17374730 (4), 17507797 (2), 20224296 (1)

    Genetic Association Database (GAD): TGM2
    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: TGM2 (5 documents)

    Export disorders for TGM2 gene to outside databases

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for TGM2 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 458):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with TGM2)
        Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Missense mutations in the TGM2 gene encoding transglutaminase 2 are found in patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes. (PubMed id 17939176)1, 2, 9 Porzio O.... Barbetti F. (2007)
    2. Transglutaminase 2 undergoes a large conformational change upon activation. (PubMed id 18092889)1, 2, 9 Pinkas D.M.... Khosla C. (2007)
    3. Germline mutations in TGM2 do not contribute to coeliac disease susceptibility in the Swedish population. (PubMed id 11742196)1, 4, 9 Popat S....Houlston R.S. (2001)
    4. A third human tissue transglutaminase homologue as a result of alternative gene transcripts. (PubMed id 8611626)1, 2, 9 Fraij B.M. and Gonzales R.A. (1996)
    5. The human tissue transglutaminase gene maps on chromosome 20q12 by in situ fluorescence hybridization. (PubMed id 7912692)1, 3, 9 Gentile V....Baldini A. (1994)
    6. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    7. The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. (PubMed id 11780052)1, 2 Deloukas P....Rogers J. (2001)
    8. Evolution of transglutaminase genes: identification of a transglutaminase gene cluster on human chromosome 15q15. Structure of the gene encoding transglutaminase X and a novel gene family member, transglutaminase Z. (PubMed id 11390390)1, 3 Grenard P....Aeschlimann D. (2001)
    9. A retinoic acid-inducible mRNA from human erythroleukemia cells encodes a novel tissue transglutaminase homologue. (PubMed id 1358880)1, 2 Fraij B.M....Gonzales R.A. (1992)
    10. Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones to mouse macrophage and human endothelial cell tissue transglutaminases. (PubMed id 1670766)1, 2 Gentile V.... Davies P.J.A. (1991)

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  

      Query String
    PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 7052 HGNC: 11778 AceView: TGM2 Ensembl:ENSG00000198959 euGenes: HUgn7052
    ECgene: TGM2 Kegg: 7052 H-InvDB: TGM2

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
      --

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for TGM2 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
    Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_transglutaminase
    NIEHS-SNPshttp://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/tgm2/

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    Patent Information for TGM2 gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving TGM2

    Licensable Technologies for TGM2 gene:
    Weizmann Institute:Transglutaminase inhibitors for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases
    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



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    About This Section

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