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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

TGM2 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 73
GCID: GC20M036756

transglutaminase 2 (C polypeptide, protein-glutamine-gamma-glutamyltransferase)

Explore 86 diseases affiliated with
TGM2 via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Transglutaminase 2 (C Polypeptide, Protein-Glutamine-Gamma-Glutamyltransferase)¹ ²		G-ALPHA-H¹
TGC¹ ² ³		GNAH²
Tissue Transglutaminase² ³		TG2²
Transglutaminase C² ³		TGase-H²
Transglutaminase H² ³		C Polypeptide²
TG(C)² ³		Protein-Glutamine Gamma-Glutamyltransferase 2²
TGase-2² ³		Protein-Glutamine-Gamma-Glutamyltransferase¹
TGase C² ³		Transglutaminase-2³
TGase H² ³		Transglutaminase-2³
EC 2.3.2.13³ ⁸

External Ids:	HGNC: 11778¹	Entrez Gene: 7052²	Ensembl: ENSG00000198959⁷	OMIM: 190196⁵	UniProtKB: P21980³

Export aliases for TGM2 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC20M036486 GC20M037395 GC20M037442 GC20M036190 GC20M033493

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for TGM2:

Transglutaminases are enzymes that catalyze the crosslinking of proteins by epsilon-gamma glutamyl lysine isopeptide

bonds. While the primary structure of transglutaminases is not conserved, they all have the same amino acid sequence

at their active sites and their activity is calcium-dependent. The protein encoded by this gene acts as a monomer, is

induced by retinoic acid, and appears to be involved in apoptosis. Finally, the encoded protein is the autoantigen

implicated in celiac disease. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

(provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TGM2_HUMAN, P21980

Function: Catalyzes the cross-linking of proteins and the conjugation of polyamines to proteins

Gene Wiki entry for TGM2 (Tissue transglutaminase)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000020.10 NC_018931.1 NT_011362.10

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the TGM2 gene promoter:
COUP-TF1 STAT1 COUP-TF COUP HNF-4alpha1
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 3): TGM2 promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for TGM2

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat TGM2

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 20q12 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 20q11.23 HGNC cytogenetic band: 20q12

TGM2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
TGM2 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 20 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC20M036756: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	36,756,863 bp from pter	End:	36,794,980 bp from pter
Size:	38,118 bases	Orientation:	minus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TGM2_HUMAN, P21980 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2

Size: 687 amino acids; 77329 Da

Cofactor: Binds 1 calcium ion per subunit (By similarity)

Subunit: Monomer

6/7 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for TGM2 (see all 7):

1FAU (3D)

1KV3 (3D)

2Q3Z (3D)

3LY6 (3D)

3S3J (3D)

3S3P (3D)

Secondary accessions: E1P5V9 Q16436 Q6B838 Q9BTN7 Q9UH35

Alternative splicing: 3 isoforms: P21980-1 P21980-2 P21980-3

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for TGM2: NX_P21980

Post-translational modifications:

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P21980

4/14 DME Specific Peptides for TGM2 (P21980) (see all 14)

LVVRRGQ

WMTRPDL

WNFGQFE

GRWDNNY

TGM2 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts):

NP_004604.2 NP_945189.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000355330 ENSP00000362502 ENSP00000387642 ENSP00000444701 ENSP00000437479

Human Recombinant Protein Products:

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	Sino Biological Recombinant Protein for TGM2
	ProSpec Recombinant Protein for TGM2
	Uscn Proteins for TGM2

Gene Ontology (GO): 3 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	--	--
GO:0005739	mitochondrion	IEA	--
GO:0005886	plasma membrane	IEA	--

TGM2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

TGM2 Antibody Products:

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	ThermoFisher Antibody for TGM2

Assay Products for TGM2:

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	GenScript Custom Assay Services for TGM2
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for TGM2

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

TGM2 for domains About GeneDecksing

5/7 InterPro domains/families (see all 7):

IPR008958 Transglutaminase_C

IPR014756 Ig_E-set

IPR023608 Gln_gamma-glutamylTfrase_euk

IPR001102 Transglutaminase_N

IPR013808 Transglutaminase_CS

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P21980

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P21980

1 Blocks protein family: IPB002931 Transglutaminase-like domain

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TGM2_HUMAN, P21980

Similarity: Belongs to the transglutaminase superfamily. Transglutaminase family

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TGM2_HUMAN, P21980

Function: Catalyzes the cross-linking of proteins and the conjugation of polyamines to proteins

Catalytic activity: Protein glutamine + alkylamine = protein N(5)-alkylglutamine + NH(3)

Induction: By retinoic acid

Genatlas biochemistry entry for TGM2:

transglutaminase,C polypeptide,tissue,type II (80kDa),cytoplasmic,ubiquitous,interacting with huntingtin

Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 2.3.2.13¹ ²

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		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat TGM2
		8/15 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate TGM2 (see all 15):
		hsa-miR-485-5p hsa-miR-4283 hsa-miR-3179 hsa-miR-1270 hsa-miR-19b hsa-miR-3154 hsa-miR-620 hsa-miR-518a-5p

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: TGM2 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
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Gene Editing
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In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for TGM2

Gene Ontology (GO): 5 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0003810	protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity	ISS	--
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	--
GO:0005525	GTP binding	IEA	--
GO:0019904	protein domain specific binding	IEA	--
GO:0046872	metal ion binding	IEA	--

TGM2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing

Animal Models:
     Mouse knock-outs for TGM2: Tgm2^tm1.1Rmgr Tgm2^tm1Gml Tgm2^tm1Syki
     11 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 4 alleles) (MGI details for Tgm2):

behavior/neurological	cardiovascular system	cellular	hematopoietic system	homeostasis/metabolism
immune system	mortality/aging	nervous system	no phenotypic analysis	renal/urinary system
tumorigenesis

TGM2 for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/6 super-pathways (see all 6) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Translation_Translation regulation by Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors

Development_Activation of ERK by Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors

0.64

Development Activation of ERK by Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors

0.64

Thromboxane A2 receptor signaling

Thromboxane A2 receptor signaling

1.00

Ca, cAMP and Lipid Signaling

Ca, cAMP and Lipid Signaling

1.00

CREB Pathway

Activation of PKC through GPCR

0.63

PTEN Pathway

Phospholipase-C Pathway

0.56

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

1 EMD Millipore Pathway for TGM2

Development Activation of ERK by Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors

2 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for TGM2

	Phospholipase-C Pathway
	Activation of PKC through GPCR

1 Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathway for TGM2

Ca, cAMP and Lipid Signaling

1 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathway for TGM2

Development Activation of ERK by Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors

1 BioSystems Pathway for TGM2

Thromboxane A2 receptor signaling

1 Kegg Pathway (Kegg details for TGM2):

Huntington's disease

TGM2 for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for TGM2

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

5/86 Interacting proteins for TGM2 (P21980^{1, 2, 3} ENSP00000355330⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 86)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
NME1	P15531²^,³, ENSP00000013034⁴	MINT-7219896 MINT-7219905 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000013034
SMAD2	Q15796²^,³, ENSP00000262160⁴	MINT-61627 I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000262160
SMAD3	P84022²^,³, ENSP00000332973⁴	MINT-61737 I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000332973
PAK1	Q13153²^,³, ENSP00000278568⁴	MINT-8272762 I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000278568
PLCD1	P51178²^,³	MINT-15193 I2D: score=4

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/14 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 14): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0001974	blood vessel remodeling	IEA	--
GO:0006917	induction of apoptosis	IEA	--
GO:0007200	phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway	--	--
GO:0018149	peptide cross-linking	--	--
GO:0018153	isopeptide cross-linking via N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine	IEA	--

TGM2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

TGM2 for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for TGM2

3 HMDB Compounds for TGM2 About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
Ammonia	NH3 (see all 31)	7664-41-7	--
Calcium	Ca (see all 2)	7440-70-2	--
L-Glutamine	(2S)-2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid (see all 31)	56-85-9	--

2 DrugBank Compounds for TGM2 About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	Type	Actions	PubMed Ids
Guanosine-5'-Diphosphate	--	146-91-8	target	--	17139284 17016423
L-Glutamine	(S)-2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid (see all 4)	56-85-9	enzyme	substrate	16987813 17075129

10/32 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for TGM2 gene (see all 32) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
tgm 2	93.2	108	18235007 (12), 10334875 (8), 19763620 (7), 11742196 (5) (see all 16)
gliadin	87.4	53	14747475 (4), 16377644 (3), 18376241 (3), 15290344 (2) (see all 29)
gluten	86.5	50	17309775 (4), 12670536 (3), 16386476 (3), 15661929 (3) (see all 23)
epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine	83.9	6	15715085 (1), 12528814 (1), 18235007 (1), 20192918 (1)
cystamine	82.2	27	19632032 (5), 16181425 (2), 15715085 (1), 17669706 (1) (see all 11)
glutamine	67.6	39	18761350 (2), 10334875 (1), 12205028 (1), 14747475 (1) (see all 22)
gtp	56.5	39	19079660 (4), 17179049 (3), 16522628 (3), 15290346 (2) (see all 14)
reticulin	51.5	6	12524400 (2), 9834257 (1), 15082580 (1)
monodansylcadaverine	51.4	3	15069073 (1), 1680857 (1)
lysine	45.8	18	14747475 (3), 18761350 (2), 18950638 (1), 17988081 (1) (see all 9)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about TGM2

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for TGM2 gene (2 alternative transcripts):

NM_004613.2 NM_198951.1

Unigene Cluster for TGM2:

Transglutaminase 2 (C polypeptide, protein-glutamine-gamma-glutamyltransferase)

Hs.517033 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_004613

9 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000469269(uc002xhq.3) ENST00000485572 ENST00000361475(uc002xhr.3 uc010zvx.2 uc010zvy.2 uc002xhs.1)

ENST00000468262(uc002xht.3) ENST00000474777(uc002xhu.3) ENST00000373403

ENST00000453095 ENST00000536701 ENST00000536724

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		8/15 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate TGM2 (see all 15):
		hsa-miR-485-5p hsa-miR-4283 hsa-miR-3179 hsa-miR-1270 hsa-miR-19b hsa-miR-3154 hsa-miR-620 hsa-miR-518a-5p

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: TGM2 3' UTR sequence

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		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat TGM2

Additional cDNA sequence:

AK058031.1 AK291714.1 AK295775.1 AK300292.1 AK314618.1 AY675221.1 BC003551.1 BC073946.1

M55153.1 M98478.1 M98479.1 S81734.1

24/61 DOTS entries (see all 61):

DT.97864451 DT.87017520 DT.95284662 DT.120835528 DT.91711201 DT.100884909 DT.95205745 DT.100884877

DT.100884887 DT.100884889 DT.120835507 DT.40245747 DT.95088396 DT.100766727 DT.100884895 DT.92462870

DT.100884900 DT.120835482 DT.95088391 DT.120835725 DT.92462880 DT.120835494 DT.100840838 DT.120835608

24/999 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 999):

AL545245 AY675221 BU540436 BQ938957 AA627662 AI569373 BM671914 CA392853

BU689073 CR614057 CA438210 BQ928879 BU730565 AI872030 AL553662 AI494010

BX446060 BU542489 BP375772 BM844332 BF850363 BM542692 BP365741 BQ437740

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/19 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for TGM2 (see all 19) About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	·	1c	^	2a	·	2b	·	2c	^	3	^	4a	·	4b	^	5	^	6	^	7a	·	7b	·	7c	·	7d	·	7e	^	8a	·	8b	·	8c	^	9a	·	9b	·	9c	·	9d	^	10a	·	10b	·	10c	^
SP1:													-								-		-		-		-		-		-								-								-
SP2:													-								-		-		-		-		-		-		-						-								-
SP3:													-								-		-		-		-		-		-								-								-
SP4:							-						-								-		-		-		-		-		-								-								-
SP5:													-								-		-		-		-		-		-								-								-

ExUns:	11a	·	11b	·	11c	^	12	^	13	^	14a	·	14b	^	15a	·	15b	^	16a	·	16b	·	16c	^	17	^	18a	·	18b
SP1:					-												-		-
SP2:					-												-		-
SP3:					-
SP4:
SP5:

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for TGM2

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

TGM2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: TATATTTTCT

About this image

TGM2 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells

Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

4 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells

Tissue

Anatomical Compartment

Cell

Category (developmental path)

Bone

Zeugopod Epiphyseal End

Chondrocytes

Bone, Cartilage

Limb

Zeugopod

Mesenchymal Condensate Cells

Bone, Cartilage

Yolk Sac

Definitive Yolk Sac

Erythroid Progenitor Cells

Blood

Cartilage

Meckel's Cartilage

Cartilage

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

Stem Cell Differentiation: 4 LifeMap Cells

Name

Category

PureStem™ mesenchymal progenitor 4D20.8 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

Lateral Plate Mesoderm, Neural Crest

PureStem™ progenitor EN13 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

PureStem™ progenitor EN2 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

PureStem™ progenitor F15 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

See TGM2 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for TGM2

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.517033

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including TGM2:

Autophagy in human mouse rat

Huntington's Disease in human mouse rat

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(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

Orthologs for TGM2 gene from 6/19 species (see all 19) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
mouse (Mus musculus)	Mammalia	Tgm2^{1 , 5}	transglutaminase 2, C polypeptide^{1, 5}	83.04(n)¹ 84.26(a)¹		2 (78.72 cM)⁵ 21817¹ NM_009373.3¹ NP_033399.1¹ 158116402⁵
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	TGM2¹	transglutaminase 2 (C polypeptide, protein-glutamine-gamma-glutamyltransferase)	69.39(n) 64.82(a)		396432 NM_205448.1 NP_990779.1
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	-- --	--	64(a) 59(a)	many → 1 many → 1	GL343413.1(3492-21181) GL343572.1(204054-264031)
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	Amphibia	tgm2-prov²	protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase	76.19(n)		BC056053.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	Dr.16524²	Danio rerio protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase more	75.11(n)		AF242545.1
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	CG7356³	protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase	34(a)		--

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for TGM2 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for TGM2 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
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Paralogs for TGM2 gene

EPB42² TGM1² TGM5² TGM4² TGM3² F13A1² TGM7² TGM6²

10 SIMAP similar genes for TGM2 using alignment to 7 protein entries: TGM2_HUMAN (see all proteins):

DKFZp667H046 TGM1 TGM7 hTGP TGM3 TGM5

TGM6 F13A1 EPB42 TGM4

TGM2 for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 20 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs181506226^1,2		--	36756375(+)	`GCCTCA/GAGGGC`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs78528916^1,2		--	36756400(+)	`AGAAGG/CGGACA`	1	--	ds500¹		2		CSA WA	120
rs56977764^1,2	C,	--	36756514(+)	`AGAGGT/AGACTT`	1	--	ds500¹		3		WA EA	240
rs115290299^1,2	C,	--	36756600(+)	`AACTAC/TATACA`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs116088136^1,2	F,	--	36756661(+)	`GTTAAT/CTGTGG`	1	--	ds500¹		1		WA	118
rs150734642^1,2		--	36756692(+)	`GGAAGA/GGGCCG`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs145864163^1,2		--	36756848(+)	`AGGAA-/CAGAC CAGAC`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs45521132^1,2	F	--	36756853(-)	`GTCTG-/GTCTG GTCTG`	1	--	ds500¹		5		NS	178
rs187033812^1,2		--	36756891(+)	`TTTATG/TTCAGT`	1	--	ut3¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs1044932^1,2	C	--	36756896(-)	`CAAACA/CCTGAA`	1	--	ut3¹ ese³		3		MN NA	188

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for TGM2 (36756863 - 36794980 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 2 variations for TGM2
1 CNV: 73517
1 Indel: 73516
Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): TGM2

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(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

TGM2 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 190196    OMIM disorders: --

20/86 diseases for TGM2 (see all 86):    About MalaCards

celiac disease immunoglobulin alpha deficiency dermatitis herpetiformis oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis abdominal aortic aneurysm cervical intraepithelial neoplasia aortic aneurysm

nephrogenic systemic fibrosis inflammatory bowel disease lateral sclerosis irritable bowel syndrome

muscular dystrophy arterial calcification esophageal squamous cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma

differentiating neuroblastoma acanthocytosis gastrointestinal system disease pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

6 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for TGM2:

Celiac disease Immunoglobulin alpha deficiency Dermatitis herpetiformis Diarrhea

Huntington's disease Irritable bowel syndrome

10/48 Novoseek disease relationships for TGM2 gene (see all 48) About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
celiac disease	88.6	68	19680746 (3), 12670536 (2), 14747475 (2), 18092889 (2) (see all 47)
dermatitis herpetiformis	65.1	4	12524400 (1), 15082580 (1), 14714018 (1)
carcinoma pancreatic ductal	62.7	1	16951195 (1)
huntington disease	57.3	10	18379433 (2), 17127346 (2), 20395409 (1), 18417122 (1) (see all 5)
neurodegenerative diseases	48.8	19	17127346 (3), 18220838 (2), 19079660 (1), 18375543 (1) (see all 9)
malabsorption	45.9	1	18286171 (1)
myopathies idiopathic inflammatory	44.4	1	14631123 (1)
autoimmune diseases	42.1	1	19892302 (1)
atrophy	39.2	6	10556545 (1), 15082580 (1), 16293556 (1), 15181616 (1) (see all 5)
pancreatic cancer	29.9	7	17374730 (4), 17507797 (2), 20224296 (1)

Genetic Association Database (GAD): TGM2
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: TGM2 (5 documents)

Export disorders for TGM2 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for TGM2 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 458):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with TGM2)

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Missense mutations in the TGM2 gene encoding transglutaminase 2 are found in patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes. (PubMed id 17939176)^{1, 2, 9} Porzio O.... Barbetti F. (2007)
Transglutaminase 2 undergoes a large conformational change upon activation. (PubMed id 18092889)^{1, 2, 9} Pinkas D.M.... Khosla C. (2007)
Germline mutations in TGM2 do not contribute to coeliac disease susceptibility in the Swedish population. (PubMed id 11742196)^{1, 4, 9} Popat S....Houlston R.S. (2001)
A third human tissue transglutaminase homologue as a result of alternative gene transcripts. (PubMed id 8611626)^{1, 2, 9} Fraij B.M. and Gonzales R.A. (1996)
The human tissue transglutaminase gene maps on chromosome 20q12 by in situ fluorescence hybridization. (PubMed id 7912692)^{1, 3, 9} Gentile V....Baldini A. (1994)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. (PubMed id 11780052)^{1, 2} Deloukas P....Rogers J. (2001)
Evolution of transglutaminase genes: identification of a transglutaminase gene cluster on human chromosome 15q15. Structure of the gene encoding transglutaminase X and a novel gene family member, transglutaminase Z. (PubMed id 11390390)^{1, 3} Grenard P....Aeschlimann D. (2001)
A retinoic acid-inducible mRNA from human erythroleukemia cells encodes a novel tissue transglutaminase homologue. (PubMed id 1358880)^{1, 2} Fraij B.M....Gonzales R.A. (1992)
Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones to mouse macrophage and human endothelial cell tissue transglutaminases. (PubMed id 1670766)^{1, 2} Gentile V.... Davies P.J.A. (1991)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 7052	HGNC: 11778	AceView: TGM2	Ensembl:ENSG00000198959	euGenes: HUgn7052
ECgene: TGM2	Kegg: 7052	H-InvDB: TGM2

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for TGM2	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
Wikipedia	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_transglutaminase
NIEHS-SNPs	http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/tgm2/

Intellectual Property for TGM2 gene
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Patent Information for TGM2 gene:
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Licensable Technologies for TGM2 gene:

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Transglutaminase inhibitors for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases

GeneCards and IP:
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TGM2 Gene

transglutaminase 2 (C polypeptide, protein-glutamine-gamma-glutamyltransferase)

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TGM2 (Gene Symbol)
Transglutaminase 2 (C Polypeptide, Protein-Glutamine-Gamma-Glutamyltransferase)
TGC
Tissue Transglutaminase
Transglutaminase C
Transglutaminase H
TG(C)
TGase-2
TGase C
TGase H
EC 2.3.2.13
G-ALPHA-H
GNAH
TG2
TGase-H
C Polypeptide
Protein-Glutamine Gamma-Glutamyltransferase 2
Protein-Glutamine-Gamma-Glutamyltransferase
Transglutaminase-2
Transglutaminase-2

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Dermatitis Herpetiformis
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Ischemia
Breast Cancer
Myopathies Idiopathic Inflammatory
neurodegeneration
Neovascularization
Osteoporosis
Carcinoma Pancreatic Ductal
primary tumor
metastatic cancer
Cataract
Calcification
cell damage
Cancer
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Pancreatic Cancer
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TGM2 Gene

transglutaminase 2 (C polypeptide, protein-glutamine-gamma-glutamyltransferase)

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