TG Gene

Aliases
for TG gene

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, ¹⁰fRNAdb, ¹²H-InvDB, ¹³NCBI, ¹⁴NONCODE, and/or ¹⁵RNAdb)
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Previous GC identifers: GC08P132608 GC08P133966 GC08P133550 GC08P133835 GC08P133948 GC08P129197

Summaries
for TG gene

(According to Entrez Gene, GeneCards, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
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Genomic Views
for TG gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 75), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
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RefSeq DNA sequence at NCBI GenBank:

NC_000008.10  NT_008046.17  NC_018919.2  

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 2): TG promoter sequence

DNA Methylation CpG Assay Predesigned for Pyrosequencing in human, mouse, rat TG

TG Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)


GeneLoc information about chromosome 8         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC08P133879:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Proteins
for TG gene

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, ²neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, Cloud-Clone Corp., eBioscience, antibodies-online, and/or GeneTex,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, Cloud-Clone Corp., eBioscience, and/or antibodies-online, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, Cloud-Clone Corp, antibodies-online, and/or others.)
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Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for TG: NX_P01266

Explore proteomics data for TG at MOPED

Post-translational modifications: 

TG Human Recombinant Protein Products:

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	antibodies-online proteins for TG (24 products)
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TG Antibody Products:

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TG Assay Products:

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	antibodies-online kits for TG (48 products)

Domains /
Families
for TG gene

(According to HGNC, IUPHAR, InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GenesLikeMe)
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ProtoNet protein and cluster: P01266

Find genes that share domains with TG           About GenesLikeMe

Function
for TG gene

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, genOway,
transcription factor targeting from QIAGEN and/or HOMER, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, SwitchGear Genomics, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs and/or Addgene, Cell Lines from GenScript, ESI BIO, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Flow cytometry from eBioscience, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene, Sets of similar genes according to GenesLikeMe)
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     Gene Ontology (GO): 3 molecular function terms:    About this table

(inferred from 1 allele) (MGI details for Tg)

genOway: Develop your customized and physiologically relevant rodent model for TG

miRNA Products:		miRTarBase miRNAs that target TG: hsa-let-7f-5p (MIRT032091)
		Block miRNA regulation of human, mouse, rat TG using miScript Target Protectors
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		hsa-miR-1303
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Inhib. RNA Products:		OriGene RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for TG
		Predesigned siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat TG

Gene Editing Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for TG

Clone Products:		OriGene clones in human, mouse for TG (see all 5) OriGene ORF clones in mouse, rat for TG OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): TG (NM_001614)
		Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for TG
		Search Vector BioLabs for ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat TG

Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for TG
		Browse ESI BIO Cell Lines and PureStem Progenitors for TG

In Situ Assay Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for TG

Flow Cytometry Products:

eBioscience FlowRNA Probe Sets ( VA1-11466 VA6-13133) for TG

Localization
for TG gene

(According to UniProtKB, COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization database, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene, Sets of similar genes according to GenesLikeMe)
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Subcellular locations from COMPARTMENTS: 

Compartment	Confidence
extracellular	5
endoplasmic reticulum	3
plasma membrane	3
cytoskeleton	2
golgi apparatus	2
lysosome	2
mitochondrion	2
nucleus	2
vacuole	2
cytosol	1

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Gene Ontology (GO): 5 cellular component terms:    About this table

Pathways & Interactions
for TG gene

(SuperPaths according to PathCards, Pathways according to R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Sino Biological, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GenesLikeMe, Interaction Networks according to QIAGEN, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene, Sets of similar genes according to GenesLikeMe)
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SuperPaths for TG About     See pathways by source

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	SuperPath	Contained pathways About
1	Allograft rejection	Autoimmune thyroid disease 0.61
2	Insulin secretion	Thyroid hormone synthesis 0.36
3	Thyroxine (Thyroid Hormone) Production	Thyroxine (Thyroid Hormone) Production

1 BioSystems Pathway for TG

Thyroxine (Thyroid Hormone) Production

2 Kegg Pathways  (Kegg details for TG)

	Thyroid hormone synthesis
	Autoimmune thyroid disease

Gene Ontology (GO): Selected biological process terms (see all 8):    About this table

Drugs & Compounds
for TG gene

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, ApexBio, HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, Ligands according to IUPHAR, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, Sets of similar genes according to GenesLikeMe)
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Transcripts
for TG gene

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 236 Homo sapiens; Apr 25 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN, SwitchGear Genomics,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, and/or Addgene, Primers from OriGene, and/or QIAGEN, Flow cytometry from eBioscience )
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Expression
for TG gene

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GenesLikeMe, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE ¹MOPED, ²PaxDb, and ³MaxQB, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from QIAGEN, Primers from OriGene, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
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TG expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS <intensity>^2/3
CGAP TAG: --

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Thyroid (Endocrine System)
Thyroid Progenitors
Gut Tube (Gastrointestinal Tract)
Anterior foregut progenitor cells
Lung (Respiratory System)
Immature proximal lung cells
Larynx (Respiratory System)

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In Situ Assay Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for TG

Orthologs
for TG gene

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
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Paralogs
for TG gene

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68,Sets of similar genes according to GenesLikeMe)
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Paralogs for TG gene

9 SIMAP similar genes for TG using alignment to 13 protein entries:     THYG_HUMAN (see all proteins):

NLGN2    CES2    CES3    CES5A    NLGN3    DKFZp686F02202

ACHE    BCHE    CES1P1

Find genes that share paralogs with TG           About GenesLikeMe

Genomic Variants
for TG gene

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, ⁴UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD), the Human Cytochrome P450 Allele Nomenclature Database, and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays, and Copy Number PCR Arrays from QIAGEN)
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Selected SNPs for TG (see all 6587)    About this table

Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 8 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
-1st2nd3rd	-1st2nd3rd	-1st2nd3rd	-1st2nd3rd	--	--	--	-1st2nd3rd	--	--	-1st2nd3rd	-1st2nd3rd	-1st2nd3rd
rs20767381,2,,4	C,H	Thyroid dyshormonogenesis 3 (TDH3)4 --	134192929(+)	TGATAT/CGTAGC	2	/R /C	mis1 ese3		7		EA NS NA	644
rs20767391,2,,4	C	Thyroid dyshormonogenesis 3 (TDH3)4 pathogenic1	134257890(+)	TTGAAT/AGTGAA	2	/S /C	mis1		1		EA	220
VAR_0630374		Thyroid dyshormonogenesis 3 (TDH3)4	--	see VAR_063037	2	R Q	mis4		0	--	--	--	--
VAR_0630354		Thyroid dyshormonogenesis 3 (TDH3)4	--	see VAR_063035	2	C Y	mis4		0	--	--	--	--
VAR_0630364		Thyroid dyshormonogenesis 3 (TDH3)4	--	see VAR_063036	2	A D	mis4		0	--	--	--	--
VAR_0630344		Thyroid dyshormonogenesis 3 (TDH3)4	--	see VAR_063034	2	C Y	mis4		0	--	--	--	--
VAR_0630384		Thyroid dyshormonogenesis 3 (TDH3)4	--	see VAR_063038	2	G R	mis4		0	--	--	--	--
rs1219126481,2	C,F	pathogenic1	134168695(+)	GATTCC/TGATGT	2	R *	stg1		2		NA EU	5871
rs1219126461,2	C	pathogenic1	134209483(+)	AGTATC/TGAGCC	2	R *	stg1		0	--	--	--	--
rs20695661,2,,4	C	pathogenic1	134304022(+)	GAGGCG/ACTTCC	2	/H /R	mis1 ese3		3		EA NA	20

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for TG (133879203 - 134129203 bp, first 250kb of TG)

Structural Variations
     Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) Selected variations for TG (see all 18):    About this table    

Variant ID	Type	Subtype	PubMed ID
esv2622999	CNV	Insertion	19546169
nsv509279	CNV	Insertion	20534489
esv1530894	CNV	Insertion	17803354
nsv6403	CNV	Insertion	18451855
nsv6402	CNV	Insertion	18451855
nsv891456	CNV	Loss	21882294
nsv525105	CNV	Loss	19592680
esv33367	CNV	Loss	17666407
nsv465818	CNV	Loss	19166990
esv33561	CNV	Loss	17666407

Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): TG

Site Specific Mutation Identification with PCR Assays

SeqTarget long-range PCR primers for resequencing TG

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for TG

Disorders / Diseases
for TG gene

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB, Sets of similar genes according to GenesLikeMe)
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Autoimmune thyroid disease 3 (AITD3) [MIM:608175]: A complex autoimmune disorder comprising two related

diseases affecting the thyroid: Graves disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis. In both disorders, thyroid-reactive

T-cells are formed and infiltrate the thyroid gland. In Graves disease, the majority of the T-cells undergo a Th2

differentiation and activate B cells to produce antibodies against the TSH receptor, which stimulate the thyroid

and cause clinical hyperthyroidism. In contrast, Hashimoto thyroiditis is characterized by Th1 switching of the

thyroid-infiltrating T-cells, which induces apoptosis of thyroid follicular cells and clinical hypothyroidism.

Note=Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry

Selected diseases for TG (see all 36):    
About MalaCards

Selected Novoseek inferred disease relationships for TG gene (see all 95)    About this table

Publications
for TG gene

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
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PubMed articles for TG gene, integrated from 10 sources (see all 1766): (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with TG)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic world of online information

1. The p.A2215D thyroglobulin gene mutation leads to deficient synthesis and secretion of the mutated protein and congenital hypothyroidism with wide phenotype variation. (PubMed id 19509106)^{1, 2, 9} Pardo V.... Medeiros-Neto G. (J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2009)
2. Two novel cysteine substitutions (C1263R and C1995S) of thyroglobulin cause a defect in intracellular transport of thyroglobulin in patients with congenital goiter and the variant type of adenomatous goiter. (PubMed id 10199792)^{1, 2, 9} Hishinuma A.... Ieiri T. (J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1999)
3. Preferential sites of proteolytic cleavage of bovine, human and rat thyroglobulin. The use of limited proteolysis to detect solvent- exposed regions of the primary structure. (PubMed id 8269951)^{1, 2, 9} Gentile F. and Salvatore G. (Eur. J. Biochem. 1993)
4. A novel compound heterozygous mutation in the thyroglobulin gene resulting in congenital goitrous hypothyroidism with high serum triiodothyronine levels. (PubMed id 16477365)^{1, 2, 9} Kitanaka S....Igarashi T. (J. Hum. Genet. 2006)
5. Characterization of the type-1 repeat from thyroglobulin, a cysteine- rich module found in proteins from different families. (PubMed id 8797845)^{1, 2, 9} Molina F.... Granier C. (Eur. J. Biochem. 1996)
6. Characterization of hormonogenic sites in an N-terminal, cyanogen bromide fragment of human thyroglobulin. (PubMed id 7793989)^{1, 2, 9} Xiao S.... Rawitch A.B. (Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1995)
7. Lack of association of common allelic variants in the thyroglobulin gene with Hashimoto's thyroiditis in young subjects with type 1 diabetes. (PubMed id 20215770)^{1, 4, 9} Kotnik P....Battelino T. (Horm Res Paediatr 2010)
8. Association of the thyroglobulin gene polymorphism with autoimmune thyroid disease in Chinese population. (PubMed id 19034705)^{1, 4, 9} Maierhaba M....Dong B.N. (Endocrine 2008)
9. Exon 33 T/T genotype of the thyroglobulin gene is a susceptibility gene for Graves' disease in Taiwanese and exon 12 C/C genotype protects against it. (PubMed id 18385936)^{1, 4, 9} Hsiao J.Y....Ke D.S. (Clin. Exp. Med. 2008)
10. Association of CD40 and thyroglobulin genes with later-onset Graves' disease in Taiwanese patients. (PubMed id 18755875)^{1, 4, 9} Hsiao J.Y....Ke D.S. (Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2008)

External Searches for TG gene

Genome Databases showing TG gene

Other Databases showing TG gene

Specialized Databases showing TG gene

Products
for TG gene

(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Cloud-Clone Corp., Thermo Fisher Scientific, eBioscience, antibodies-online, GeneTex, and/or others, Gene Editing from DNA2.0. Clones from OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Addgene, Cell lines from GenScript, and ESI BIO, Flow cytometery from eBioscience, PCR Arrays from QIAGEN, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or ApexBio, In Situ Hybridization Assays from
Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Animal models from genOway)
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