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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

TG Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 59
GCID: GC08P133879

thyroglobulin
 Explore 137 diseases affiliated with
TG via
MalaCards
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 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for TG    

Aliases
for TG gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
Thyroglobulin1
AITD31 2 5
TGN1 2
Tg3
TDH35

External Ids:    HGNC: 117641   Entrez Gene: 70382   Ensembl: ENSG000000428327   OMIM: 1884505   UniProtKB: P012663   

Export aliases for TG gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC08P132608 GC08P133966 GC08P133550 GC08P133835 GC08P133948 GC08P129197


Summaries
for TG gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
Entrez Gene summary for TG:
Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a glycoprotein homodimer produced predominantly by the thryroid gland. It acts as a substrate for
the synthesis of thyroxine and triiodothyronine as well as the storage of the inactive forms of thyroid hormone and
iodine. Thyroglobulin is secreted from the endoplasmic reticulum to its site of iodination, and subsequent thyroxine
biosynthesis, in the follicular lumen. Mutations in this gene cause thyroid dyshormonogenesis, manifested as goiter,
and are associated with moderate to severe congenital hypothyroidism. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with
susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) such as Graves disease and Hashimoto thryoiditis. (provided by
RefSeq, Nov 2009)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: THYG_HUMAN, P01266
Function: Precursor of the iodinated thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

Gene Wiki entry for TG (Thyroglobulin)


Genomic Views
for TG gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000008.10  NC_018919.1  NT_008046.16  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the TG gene promoter:
         COUP-TF1   AP-1   ATF-2   COUP   HNF-4alpha2   Nkx2-5   HNF-4alpha1   COUP-TF   c-Jun   ATF6   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 2): TG promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for TG

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat TG


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 8q24   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  8q24.22   HGNC cytogenetic band: 8q24

TG Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
TG gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 8         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC08P133879:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 133,879,203 bp from pter      End:
 134,147,147 bp from pter
Size:
 267,945 bases      Orientation:
 plus strand

Proteins
for TG gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: THYG_HUMAN, P01266 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Thyroglobulin precursor  
Size: 2768 amino acids; 304790 Da
Subunit: Homodimer
Subcellular location: Secreted
Secondary accessions: O15274 O43899 Q15593 Q15948 Q9NYR1 Q9NYR2 Q9UMZ0 Q9UNY3
Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms:  P01266-1   P01266-2   

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for TG: NX_P01266

Post-translational modifications:

  • Sulfated tyrosines are desulfated during iodination1
  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P01266

    • TG Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins: NP_003226.4  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000427871   ENSP00000220616   ENSP00000428628   ENSP00000429605   ENSP00000430523  
     ENSP00000429164   ENSP00000430430   ENSP00000430087   ENSP00000429761   ENSP00000430161  
     ENSP00000367100   ENSP00000441693  

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    OriGene Custom Protein Services for TG 
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    Novus Biologicals TG Proteins
    Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
    ProSpec Recombinant Protein for TG
    Uscn Proteins for TG

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/8 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 8):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005576extracellular region NAS14718574
    GO:0005615extracellular space IBA--
    GO:0005783endoplasmic reticulum ----
    GO:0005794Golgi apparatus ----
    GO:0005887NOT integral to plasma membrane IRD--


    TG for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for TG

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for TG gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    TG for domains           About GeneDecksing

    5 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR011641 Tyr-kin_ephrin_A/B_rcpt-like
     IPR000716 Thyroglobulin_1
     IPR019819 Carboxylesterase_B_CS
     IPR002018 CarbesteraseB
     IPR016324 Thyroglobulin

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P01266

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: P01266

    1 Blocks protein family: IPB000716 Thyroglobulin type-1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: THYG_HUMAN, P01266
    Similarity: Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family
    Similarity: Contains 11 thyroglobulin type-1 domains


    Function
    for TG gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: THYG_HUMAN, P01266
    Function: Precursor of the iodinated thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for TG:
    thyroglobulin,precursor of thyroid hormone,involved in storage of iodine and of inactive thyroid hormones

    miRNA
    Products:            		 OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: TG
    Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat TG
    1 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNA that regulate TG:
    hsa-miR-1303
    Browse SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmids
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:            		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for TG (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: TG
    OriGene siRNA: TG
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat TG

    Gene Editing
    Products:    		DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for TG

    Clone
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    OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TG (see all 3)
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    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): TG (NM_001614)
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    Search Vector BioLabs for ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat TG 

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    Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for TG

    In Situ Assay
    Products:       
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for TG

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/6 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 6):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0004091NOT carboxylesterase activity IKR--
    GO:0004872NOT receptor activity IRD--
    GO:0005179hormone activity IEA--
    GO:0005515protein binding ----
    GO:0042043NOT neurexin family protein binding IRD--


    TG for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    Animal Models:
         5 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 1 allele) (MGI details for Tg):
     endocrine/exocrine gland  growth/size  hematopoietic system  homeostasis/metabolism  nervous system 

    TG for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    Pathways & Interactions
    for TG gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways  About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Allograft rejection
    		Autoimmune thyroid disease0.60

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways



    1         Kegg Pathway  (Kegg details for TG):
        Autoimmune thyroid disease


    TG for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for TG

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 11)

    5/12 Interacting proteins for TG (P012663 ENSP000002206164) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 12)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    HSPA5P110213, ENSP000003241734I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000324173
    ASGR1P073063, ENSP000002692994I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000269299
    CTSDP073393, ENSP000002366714I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000236671
    APCSP027433, ENSP000002550404I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000255040
    CANXP278243, ENSP000002474614I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000247461
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/11 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 11):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0006590thyroid hormone generation IBA--
    GO:0007165signal transduction NAS3016640
    GO:0007416NOT synapse assembly IRD--
    GO:0009268response to pH ----
    GO:0015705iodide transport IEA--


    TG for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for TG gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    TG for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for TG
    10/98 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for TG gene (see all 98)    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    iodine 91.3 525 1954313 (7), 9292948 (6), 12713257 (4), 19160311 (4) (see all 99)
    thyroxine 90.9 582 1466156 (7), 10229914 (6), 11694378 (4), 8890722 (4) (see all 99)
    iodide 83.8 155 10537174 (6), 16648292 (4), 19951699 (3), 20364596 (3) (see all 73)
    triiodothyronine 83.3 331 11288978 (4), 11694378 (4), 10822292 (4), 16477365 (3) (see all 99)
    sodium iodide 78.5 31 19050049 (2), 10090312 (1), 17199440 (1), 18430446 (1) (see all 21)
    diiodotyrosine 77.4 15 8900403 (3), 1954313 (1), 8651700 (1), 9717982 (1) (see all 7)
    iodotyrosine 73.2 15 15289438 (2), 1727828 (1), 9737985 (1), 1281126 (1) (see all 9)
    methimazole 69.9 8 14657389 (1), 1794603 (1), 1688155 (1), 8075781 (1) (see all 5)
    thyronine 66.5 6 9434803 (1), 9717982 (1), 9344702 (1), 9419438 (1)
    18f fluorodeoxyglucose 60.9 40 12186505 (4), 19910903 (2), 10452315 (2), 12656659 (2) (see all 19)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about TG / THYG 

    Transcripts
    for TG gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for TG gene: 
    NM_003235.4  

    Unigene Cluster for TG:

    Thyroglobulin
    Hs.654591  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_003235
    18/22 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant (see all 22):
    ENST00000523901 ENST00000220616(uc003ytw.3 uc010mdw.3) ENST00000520769
    ENST00000523756(uc011ljb.2) ENST00000518097 ENST00000518505 ENST00000519178
    ENST00000518058 ENST00000519543(uc011ljc.2) ENST00000520197 ENST00000520089
    ENST00000519294 ENST00000524151 ENST00000522523 ENST00000522797 ENST00000518108
    ENST00000522996 ENST00000522809

    miRNA
    Products:             		 OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: TG
    Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat TG
    1 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNA that regulate TG:
    hsa-miR-1303
    Browse SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmids
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:             		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for TG (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: TG
    OriGene siRNA: TG
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat TG
    Clone
    Products:             		 OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TG (see all 3)
    OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TG
    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): TG (NM_001614)
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    Search Vector BioLabs for ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat TG 
    Primer
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      QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat TG
      QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat TG

    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AB209159.1 AK299197.1 AK303666.1 AK303667.1 BC127887.1 BC140933.1 S40807.1 S80793.1 
    X02154.1 X05615.1 

    24/80 DOTS entries (see all 80):

    DT.95202433  DT.95177266  DT.95219259  DT.91713338  DT.100826698  DT.100826700  DT.452683  DT.92472293 
    DT.120642240  DT.95333374  DT.120642266  DT.100826697  DT.100826709  DT.100826704  DT.120642467  DT.100826710 
    DT.120642305  DT.120642340  DT.91698313  DT.95333484  DT.100829949  DT.92472287  DT.95333469  DT.95246308 

    1041 AceView cDNA sequences (see top 24):

    AU141981 AU142145 AU141473 AU141258 AU141684 AU141902 AU141172 AU141680 
    AU141633 AA385241 AU141387 AU141456 AU141299 BE168388 AU141350 AU141420 
    AU141754 AU142057 AU142056 BE168391 BE168393 BE168236 AU158954 AU159397 
    BE931984 AU141877 BI000239 AU141775 AU142090 AU142091 AU141578 AU141806 
    AU142050 AU141959 AU141116 AU142169 AU142002 AU141229 BE169827 AU141975 
    AA385060 AU142061 AA385571 AU141584 AU141222 AU141431 AU141734 AU141303 
    AU142041 AA385031 AU141967 AU141479 AU141714 AU141921 AU159481 AU141760 
    AU141647 AU141956 AU159072 BE175812 AU141152 BE168159 AU141269 AU142105 
    AU141924 AU142025 AA384524 AU159103 AU141782 BG948896 AU141790 AU141932 
    AU141628 AU141642 AU141213 AU141858 AU141182 AA384456 AU141923 AU142088 
    AU141418 AU141763 AU158898 AU141958 AU141459 AU141390 AU141717 AU141375 
    AU141453 AU142149 AU141461 AU159354 AU141411 AU141143 AU141219 AU141558 
    AU141250 AU142018 AU142167 AU141155 AU141357 AU142020 AU141815 AU141176 
    AU141589 BE168382 AU141224 AU142024 AU141892 AU141511 AU141706 AU141772 
    AU141413 AU142006 AU141993 AU141831 AU141513 BF841986 AU141964 AU141792 
    AU159231 AU141800 AU141366 AU141188 AU141146 AU141984 AU141198 AU141606 
    AU141264 AU141545 AU141888 BQ355719 AU141307 BF844297 AU141774 AU141451 
    AU142107 AA385264 AU141653 BI002777 AA384674 AU141571 AU142009 AU141761 
    AU141287 AU141123 AU141191 AU141553 AU141240 AU141802 AU141999 AU142152 
    AU142017 AU141412 AU142075 S40807 AU141748 AU141691 AU142019 AU141466 
    AU141955 AU141719 AU141204 AU141904 AU141168 AU141683 AU142013 AU141631 
    AU141809 AU142021 AU159100 AU141842 AU141574 AU141941 AU141709 AU141289 
    AU142069 AU142003 AU142111 AU141992 AU141607 AA385672 AU141974 AU141693 
    AA384653 AU141519 AU141788 AU141158 AU141594 AI686243 AU142170 AU141210 
    AU142166 AU141206 AA385311 AU142187 AU141568 AU141288 AU141368 AA384424 
    AU141920 AU142136 AU142062 AU141713 AU142139 AU141247 AU141771 AU141641 
    AU141443 AU141850 AU141986 AU141991 AU141980 AU141644 AU142142 AU142144 
    AU141623 AU141572 AU141376 AU141359 AU141829 AU141692 AA384903 AU141214 
    AU141859 BG178398 AU141091 AU141777 BG995001 AA384835 AU141144 AU141588 
    AU141492 BE044620 AU141340 AU141290 AA384094 AU142026 AU141873 AU141712 
    AU141596 AU141621 AU158831 AU141107 AU141470 AU141836 BQ359811 AU159010 
    AU141503 BQ359843 X02154 AU142046 AU141331 AU141343 AU141810 AU142096 
    AU141323 AA385215 AL039612 AU141381 AU141192 AU141100 AU159107 AU141600 
    AU142071 AU141259 BF839930 AU141599 U93033 AU141395 BF741157 AU141890 
    NM_003235 AU159499 AU141135 BF841435 AW505008 AU141926 BG993242 AU141260 
    BE707499 BI005872 AU158856 AU159220 AU141560 AU159487 AU142151 AU141139 
    AU141197 AA384409 AA384481 AU141733 AU141162 AU141544 AU142133 AU141566 
    AU159015 AU158918 AU159277 AU141582 AU141237 AU141903 AA384059 AU142012 
    BE168168 AU141189 AU141668 AW874093 BE163464 AA868565 AU141846 BX485604 
    AU141263 BE810811 AU141878 BE168402 X05615 AU141655 AU158816 AU141580 
    BE163041 AU158967 BV190838 AU141361 AU141097 AU141341 AU141851 AU141117 
    AU141536 AA384545 AU142188 AA385159 AU141108 AU141735 AU159298 BE931901 
    AU141758 BG998814 AU141136 BE161450 AU141399 AU142135 AA384349 AU141995 
    BV205066 AU141853 AU142164 AU141489 AU158872 AL039611 AA384822 AA295587 
    AI420099 AU141101 AA384841 AA384938 AU141737 BG999877 AU159411 AW873976 
    BQ301274 AA384688 AU141592 AU142054 AU142141 CB986780 AU141880 AU141768 
    AU141976 AU142130 AU141102 AA384391 AU141455 AU141409 AA384549 AU141153 
    AU141786 BI765505 AU141215 AU141867 AU141510 AU141540 AU141617 AU141551 
    AU141557 AU141835 AU141848 AU159012 AU141834 BE168389 AU142001 BG999814 
    AU141598 AU141235 AU141450 AU141778 AU142126 BE931909 AU141485 BX484701 
    AU141555 AU141585 AU141830 AU142119 AU159453 BI004394 AU141122 AU141410 
    AU141884 AU158925 AU142183 BG187148 AA385746 AW135731 AU159207 AU141918 
    AU141799 AU158920 AU141127 AU142127 AU141445 BE164958 AU141654 AU159208 
    BF087299 AU141114 AU141565 BU680131 AU141440 BE810814 BF841436 AU141251 
    AU141930 AU141838 AU159511 AA384923 BG998994 AA385165 BG284464 BF841923 
    AU141674 AU142143 AA384400 AU141154 AU141508 AA295658 AU141783 AU141839 
    AA385219 AU141922 AU141333 AU141970 AU141313 AU141233 AU141743 AU159356 
    AU141502 AU141408 AA384919 AU141227 AU141860 AU141525 BX506769 BX484514 
    AU141246 BE168385 BF351279 BG998588 AU158986 AU159191 AU141115 BQ355499 
    BE180756 BE169584 BG999822 AU159353 BE707398 BQ355684 AU159055 AA493254 
    BF842113 AU159013 BF741106 BG997815 AU159251 BF829865 BG998816 AU159096 
    BE045803 BG997301 AU158853 AU159407 BE163052 AU158985 AW874044 AU159000 
    CB958855 BG998825 BE707406 BX484963 BE168232 AU158786 CB959392 AU158958 
    BG998817 AA493892 BE161452 AU159256 AW874015 BE163048 BG990923 AU142116 
    BQ355215 BG998990 AA385492 BE044632 BF841500 BQ355598 AU159334 AU159358 
    BE163309 BI003880 BG948948 AA384340 BQ355699 AU159309 BF351670 BG992572 
    AU158797 AU159271 AU159241 AU158994 AW874163 AA384597 BG997167 BQ355712 
    BF351457 BG948992 BE163024 BG948941 BI001931 AA383764 AU159202 AU158984 
    AA632990 AW780039 BI002682 BE168387 AU159399 AA385178 BF741811 BG949146 
    AA385340 AU159375 BG180901 AU159250 BE170507 BQ349693 AW874106 AU159255 
    BQ350239 BE168028 AU159139 BE045832 AA632843 AU159119 BI005485 CB986174 
    AU159246 BE168379 AU158955 AA384233 BE168170 BF741096 CB987431 BE168380 
    AU159245 AA384397 AA384009 BE046139 BI005725 AA384298 BF829383 AA385472 
    AU158841 AA385405 BG988555 AU159161 AU159326 AU159136 BG990585 AU158766 
    AU159424 AU159307 AU159221 AU159517 BE163046 AU159505 BF741865 AU159315 
    AU159259 BF741404 AU159452 AU158771 AU158827 AU159027 AU158911 AW873962 
    BF828054 AU158851 BG999518 CB986845 AU158800 BG998902 BF842104 BF741863 
    AU159020 BE707387 AU159291 BF352337 AU159049 AU159520 AU159249 AU159160 
    AU158775 BE168384 AW874102 AU159237 BE163057 AU159210 AU158788 AU159501 
    BF740325 AU158993 AU159088 AW872522 AU159468 BG990933 BG999736 AU158845 
    BQ354982 BI004669 AU159017 AU159240 AU159310 AU159051 BI005288 BG999503 
    BF737686 BE168392 AU159483 BF839304 AU158765 BI825164 AU159531 AW873205 
    AW874192 AU158837 AU159193 BG997305 AU158939 AU159377 BE710030 BI004478 
    BE164901 BE045197 AU159506 BF841380 AU158858 AW772580 BE044612 AU159043 
    BQ301622 AU159290 AU159308 BE168166 AU159115 AU159244 AU159295 AU159469 
    BI005065 AU158849 BG998472 BF828051 AU159054 BQ355583 AU158981 AU159223 
    BF841317 AU158935 BE707381 BI005062 AU158792 AU159497 AU159060 AU159056 
    AU158828 AW874184 BI004406 BE707384 BE707470 AA632570 AU158926 AU159024 
    AU159192 BE839782 BG998997 BF841434 AU159003 AU159178 BE164858 AU141751 
    AU158963 BG991003 AU141989 AU159364 AU159372 AU159234 BE045301 AU159182 
    BI003403 BG996444 BF839204 AU159297 AU159509 BF841679 AU158844 BE168390 
    AU158824 AU159011 BF740320 BF828283 AU159101 AA384604 AU159413 AU159227 
    BF828432 AU158938 BF841758 AA618133 BQ359533 AU159041 AA384458 BE168034 
    AU159403 AW873383 BI000511 AU159300 AA385316 BE180754 AU158799 BI004838 
    AA385655 BE164899 T29891 BF837422 AU158950 BE163045 AU159425 BG948883 
    AU158813 AU159423 AW959060 BI004208 AU158838 BF842047 BE044805 BF841630 
    BI004110 AU159327 BF828446 BG948996 BI004018 BE163039 BE044881 BE168164 
    BF838112 BG990601 BF841374 AA493234 BF829933 BE046055 BI002690 AU158870 
    BE168452 BF829040 BQ359892 BF839199 BG999591 AU159205 AU159292 BF842795 
    BI004407 BQ301333 AU158974 BI004569 BI000001 AU158980 AU159518 AU158811 
    BQ354849 AU159252 AU158770 AU159086 BE177529 BF841326 BF841419 BE163091 
    AW874185 AU158889 BF841481 BI003650 AU159400 AU159079 AU158781 BF838149 
    BF839299 BE707443 AU158774 AU159419 BI003311 AW293728 BI004161 BQ352195 
    AU159384 AU159138 AU159144 AA384279 BQ359836 AU159031 BE164856 BE159501 
    AU159418 AU159490 AU159005 AU158990 BG992397 AU159084 AU158778 AU159110 
    AW780037 AU159078 BE707442 AU159305 AA385689 AU159181 AA385295 BQ354808 
    AU159159 AU159427 AU159294 BF828285 BF839938 BF741111 AU159428 BE161920 
    AU159454 AW874098 BG998474 AU159521 AU159171 AU159121 AA385458 AU159117 
    AU159379 BG995062 BI000515 BI005737 AU159458 AU158948 CD616643 AU159112 
    AU158819 AU159064 AA494222 BF829038 AU159098 AU159416 BG991296 AU159260 
    BI000092 BF741158 BF845311 AU159314 BG999915 AA618136 BF741509 BG999410 
    BF828445 AU159151 AU158863 BE707360 BF740301 BF841329 BF829298 AU159075 
    BI000505 AU159394 BF841316 BF844969 AU159333 BF841417 BQ301493 AU159106 
    AW873414 AU158791 BI003098 BF828904 BF828971 BF844196 BI002776 AU159343 
    BF740435 AU159410 AW874159 AU159114 BI002683 AU159392 AU159516 BF828431 
    AU158866 AU159385 AU159388 BQ359537 BF827110 BE708288 AU158798 AU158971 
    BG999165 BF740312 BE708582 BG999920 BF828335 BE163067 BF839932 BF843208 
    BI002768 BG994951 BF828041 BQ301341 BF828968 AU158804 BG991458 AU159496 
    BE170273 AU159448 AU159089 BF841755 BE162859 BI000513 AU159512 AU158876 
    BF828332 AU159528 BQ349608 BE162862 BE168060 BI004809 BG999910 BI004106 
    BG994899 BQ359758 BE162854 BQ301335 BF829293 AU158983 BF829921 AU159083 
    BG999741 AU159442 BI003309 BF829366 BF842022 BG999926 BF828969 BI004212 
    BE168728 BF828333 BI003326 AI214881 BF839943 BE163303 AU159128 BF837418 
    BF829017 BE162860 BI003983 BQ301479 BG995989 BG948885 BE163319 BF828906 
    BE163225 BI005490 BG997302 BG998810 BF740715 BQ301620 BE163259 BQ354759 
    AW874088 BF828290 BG999556 BE168386 BF740716 BF829936 AU159153 BG998519 
    BF829384 BE167394 BI002988 BF844505 BF828900 BF844295 BG988567 AA493563 
    BI001280 BG999720 BF740418 BF841424 AW874198 BI005447 BE168031 BG999726 
    BG949144 BF841927 BE163089 BQ301207 BG992356 BF841363 CB958771 BQ350447 
    AU159409 BG999739 BF741846 AU158888 AW874215 BE708540 BF841497 BG985041 
    BG999922 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure


    Expression
    for TG gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    TG expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: --

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image

    TG expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    Stem Cell Differentiation: 3 LifeMap Cells 
    NameCategory
    Anterior foregut progenitor cells (Directed differentia...)
    Thyroid Progenitors (Efficient derivation...)Thyroid
    Immature proximal lung cells (Directed differentia...)
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization

    See TG Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for TG

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.654591

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: THYG_HUMAN, P01266
    Tissue specificity: Thyroid gland specific

        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Array including TG: 
              Insulin Signaling Pathway in human mouse rat

    Primer
    Products:    		 OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for TG
    Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
    SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat TG
    QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat TG
    QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat TG
    In Situ
    Assay Products:     
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for TG

    Orthologs
    for TG gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

    Orthologs for TG gene from 6/21 species (see all 21)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)    		 Mammalia Tg1 , 5 thyroglobulin1, 5 78.6(n)1
    74.35(a)1    		   15 (29.30 cM)5
    218191  NM_009375.21  NP_033401.21 
     666707535 
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves TG1 thyroglobulin 61.24(n)
    55.75(a)    		   100857838  XM_003640868.1  XP_003640916.1 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia TG6
    		 --
    		 53(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 4(662513-805425)
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii tg1 thyroglobulin 50.71(n)
    42.07(a)    		   567631  XM_689200.4  XP_694292.4 
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)    		 Insecta Gli6
    		 Gliotactin
    		 10(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 2L(15756001-15762755)
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)    		 Secernentea glit-16
    		 GLIoTactin (Drosophila neuroligin-like) homolog fa...
    		 15(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 X(4712250-4715051)


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for TG (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for TG (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for TG gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    		  --

    Genomic Variants
    for TG gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/4017 NCBI SNPs in TG are shown (see all 4017)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 8 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs20695661,2
    		Cpathogenic132230503(+) GAGGCG/ACTTCC 2 /H /R mis1 ese33Minor allele frequency- A:0.00EA NA 20
    rs20767391,2
    		Cpathogenic132276638(+) TTGAAT/AGTGAA 2 /S /C mis11Minor allele frequency- A:0.00EA 220
    rs1219126461,2
    		Cpathogenic132324808(+) AGTATC/TGAGCC 2 R * stg10--------
    rs1219126481,2
    		C,Fpathogenic132366921(+) GATTCC/TGATGT 2 R * stg12Minor allele frequency- T:0.00NA EU 5871
    rs22298431,2
    		C,F,H,unknown132361112(+) TGGCAG/TATCTT 2 Q H mis111Minor allele frequency- T:0.00MN NS EA NA EU 6787
    rs20767401,2
    		C,F,H,other132276629(+) AACGAC/TGGTGC 2 R W mis148Minor allele frequency- T:0.36EA NA NS WA CSA EU 12239
    rs8533261,2
    		C,F,O,A,H,other132351922(-) TGGCAC/TGTAGG 2 M V mis1 ese346Minor allele frequency- N:0.00EA NS NA WA CSA EU 11734
    rs1802231,2
    		C,F,O,H,other132361522(+) TACAGG/TCTGAG 2 A S mis1 ese350Minor allele frequency- T:0.35EA NA NS WA CSA EU 12555
    rs777654181,2
    		--129195901(+) GTTCAC/GGTTGG 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs768808141,2
    		F,--129196149(+) TAGCTG/TTTATG 1 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- T:0.03WA 118

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for TG (133879203 - 134129203 bp, first 250kb of TG)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 10 variations for TG
         4 CNVs: 23862 7669 7668 0123
         5 Indels: 11314 100508 11315 11316 11313
         1 Inversion: 59863
    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): TG

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
    QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing TG
    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for TG

    Disorders / Diseases
    for TG gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    TG for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 188450   
    OMIM disorders: 274700  608175  
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: THYG_HUMAN, P01266
  • Defects in TG are the cause of thyroid dyshormonogenesis 3 (TDH3) [MIM:274700]. A disorder due to thyroid
    • dyshormonogenesis, causing large goiters of elastic and soft consistency in the majority of patients. Although the
    degree of thyroid dysfunction varies considerably among patients with defective thyroglobulin synthesis, patients
    usually have a relatively high serum free triiodothyronine (T3) concentration with disproportionately low free
    tetraiodothyronine (T4) level. The maintenance of relatively high free T3 levels prevents profound tissue
    hypothyroidism except in brain and pituitary, which are dependent on T4 supply, resulting in neurologic and
    intellectual defects in some cases
  • Variations in TG are associated with susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid disease type 3 (AITD3) [MIM:608175].
    • AITDs including Graves disease (GD) and Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), are among the most common human autoimmune
    diseases. They are complex diseases, which are caused by an interaction between susceptibility genes and nongenetic
    factors, such as infection

    20/137 diseases for TG (see all 137):    About MalaCards
    goiter    thyroiditis    congenital hypothyroidism    total iodide organification defect
    thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency    autoimmune thyroiditis    hypothyroidism    struma ovarii
    graves' disease    enlarged vestibular aqueduct    multinodular goiter    malignant struma ovarii
    nontoxic goiter    adult-onset still's disease    endemic goiter    toxic diffuse goiter
    obsessive-compulsive disorder    hypersensitivity reaction type ii disease    multiple endocrine neoplasia    dna topoisomerase ii

    12 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for TG:
    Thyroid cancer     Autoimmune thyroiditis     Goiter     Hypothyroidism
    Hyperthyroidism     Thyrotoxicosis     Subacute thyroiditis     Carcinoma
    Thyroid adenoma     Adenoma     Teratoma     Suppurative thyroiditis

    10/95 Novoseek disease relationships for TG gene (see all 95)    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    thyroid carcinoma 95.4 414 17892441 (5), 18630997 (4), 19160311 (4), 11325833 (3) (see all 99)
    thyroid cancer 95 436 17302864 (4), 14588101 (3), 16479246 (3), 18613899 (3) (see all 99)
    autoimmune thyroid disease 92.8 143 10570317 (3), 15096179 (3), 2256432 (2), 14973426 (2) (see all 78)
    hashimotos thyroiditis 90.5 101 2242608 (3), 2226281 (2), 10670755 (2), 7962336 (2) (see all 69)
    graves disease 89.4 145 16646680 (3), 1724781 (2), 10984889 (2), 11092696 (2) (see all 85)
    thyroid diseases 89.1 126 18243140 (4), 10984889 (3), 11228272 (3), 12022704 (3) (see all 72)
    goiter 88.5 123 2129364 (4), 1851064 (4), 7549998 (3), 9588493 (2) (see all 79)
    goiter congenital 88.5 55 10199792 (3), 14764776 (2), 8325944 (2), 15769978 (2) (see all 33)
    hypothyroidism 88.4 117 9790265 (3), 15014299 (2), 8966023 (2), 17978827 (2) (see all 84)
    thyroid papillary carcinoma 87.6 64 15579752 (2), 1305063 (2), 16033735 (2), 16201895 (2) (see all 37)

    Genatlas disease: TG
    goiter associated to hypothyroidism and variant type of adenomatous goiter

    Genetic Association Database (GAD): TG
    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: TG (885 documents)

    Export disorders for TG gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for TG gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for TG gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 1756):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with TG)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. The p.A2215D thyroglobulin gene mutation leads to deficient synthesis and secretion of the mutated protein and congenital hypothyroidism with wide phenotype variation. (PubMed id 19509106)1, 2, 9 Pardo V.... Medeiros-Neto G. (2009)
    2. Two novel cysteine substitutions (C1263R and C1995S) of thyroglobulin cause a defect in intracellular transport of thyroglobulin in patients with congenital goiter and the variant type of adenomatous goiter. (PubMed id 10199792)1, 2, 9 Hishinuma A.... Ieiri T. (1999)
    3. Preferential sites of proteolytic cleavage of bovine, human and rat thyroglobulin. The use of limited proteolysis to detect solvent- exposed regions of the primary structure. (PubMed id 8269951)1, 2, 9 Gentile F. and Salvatore G. (1993)
    4. A novel compound heterozygous mutation in the thyroglobulin gene resulting in congenital goitrous hypothyroidism with high serum triiodothyronine levels. (PubMed id 16477365)1, 2, 9 Kitanaka S....Igarashi T. (2006)
    5. Characterization of the type-1 repeat from thyroglobulin, a cysteine- rich module found in proteins from different families. (PubMed id 8797845)1, 2, 9 Molina F.... Granier C. (1996)
    6. Characterization of hormonogenic sites in an N-terminal, cyanogen bromide fragment of human thyroglobulin. (PubMed id 7793989)1, 2, 9 Xiao S.... Rawitch A.B. (1995)
    7. Congenital hypothyroidism with goitre caused by new mutations in the thyroglobulin gene. (PubMed id 17532758)1, 2, 9 Caputo M.... Targovnik H.M. (2007)
    8. Risk of non-medullary thyroid cancer influenced by polymorphic variation in the thyroglobulin gene. (PubMed id 14633662)1, 4, 9 Matakidou A....Foulkes W.D. (2004)
    9. Common allelic variants of exons 10, 12, and 33 of the thyroglobulin gene are not associated with autoimmune thyroid disease in the United Kingdom. (PubMed id 15579800)1, 4, 9 Collins J.E....Gough S.C. (2004)
    10. Genomic organization of the 3' region of the human thyroglobulin gene. (PubMed id 10524569)1, 2, 9 Mendive F.M.... Targovnik H.M. (1999)

    External Searches for TG gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  
      Query String
    		PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    Genome Databases showing TG gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 7038 HGNC: 11764 AceView: TG Ensembl:ENSG00000042832 euGenes: HUgn7038
    ECgene: TG Kegg: 7038 H-InvDB: TG

    Other Databases showing TG gene

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    		   --

    Specialized Databases showing TG gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for TG Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
    Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroglobulin

    Intellectual Property
    for TG gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for TG gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving TG

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



    Products
    for TG gene

    (Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript and LifeMap BioReagents, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences),
    In Situ Hybridization Assays from
    Advanced Cell Diagnostics
    About This Section

     
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    GeneCards Homepage - Last full update: 18 Mar 2013 - Incrementals: 21 Mar 2013 , 15 Apr 2013 , 26 Apr 2013

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    von Willebrand factor
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