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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

TFF2 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 61
GCID: GC21M043766

trefoil factor 2

(Previous name: spasmolytic protein 1 )
(Previous symbol: SML1)

Explore 29 diseases affiliated with
TFF2 via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, ¹⁰fRNAdb, and/or ¹¹Nature:405,311-319 and CroW21)
About This Section

Aliases
Trefoil Factor 2¹ ²		SP² ³
SML1¹ ² ³ ⁵		Trefoil Factor 2, SML1, Human Spasmolytic Polypeptide (SP)11
Spasmolytic Protein 1¹ ²		Spasmolysin³
Spasmolytic Polypeptide² ³		Spasmolysin³

External Ids:	HGNC: 11756¹	Entrez Gene: 7032²	Ensembl: ENSG00000160181⁷	OMIM: 182590⁵	UniProtKB: Q03403³

Export aliases for TFF2 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC21M040314 GC21M042661 GC21M042660 GC21M042639 GC21M029184

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for TFF2:

Members of the trefoil family are characterized by having at least one copy of the trefoil motif, a 40-amino acid

domain that contains three conserved disulfides. They are stable secretory proteins expressed in gastrointestinal

mucosa. Their functions are not defined, but they may protect the mucosa from insults, stabilize the mucus layer and

affect healing of the epithelium. The encoded protein inhibits gastric acid secretion. This gene and two other related

trefoil family member genes are found in a cluster on chromosome 21. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TFF2_HUMAN, Q03403

Function: Inhibits gastrointestinal motility and gastric acid secretion. Could function as a structural component of

gastric mucus, possibly by stabilizing glycoproteins in the mucus gel through interactions with carbohydrate side

chains (By similarity)

Gene Wiki entry for TFF2 (Trefoil factor 2)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics, Whole Chromsome Sequence According to Nature (Cited Here with Permission):405,311-319 and CroW21)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000021.8 NC_018932.1 NT_011515.12

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the TFF2 gene promoter:
STAT1 Sp1 AP-2alpha isoform 3 AP-2alpha isoform 2 Gfi-1 SEF-1 (1) AP-2alpha isoform 4 AP-2alpha AP-2alphaA
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: TFF2 promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for TFF2

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat TFF2

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 21q22.3 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 21q22.3 HGNC cytogenetic band: 21q22.3
Nature(405: 311-319) cytogenetic band: 21q22.3

TFF2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
TFF2 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 21 GeneLoc Exon Structure

(about GC identifiers)

GC21M043766:	GeneLoc	Nature:405,311-319
Start:	43,766,466 bp from pter	29,313,816 bp from centromere
End:	43,771,237 bp from pter	29,318,396 bp from centromere
Size:	4,772 bases	4,581 bases
Orientation:	minus strand	minus strand

Whole chromosome sequencing:
cDNA sequence:	X51698
genomic clones:	KB169B4

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TFF2_HUMAN, Q03403 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Trefoil factor 2 precursor

Size: 129 amino acids; 14284 Da

Subcellular location: Secreted

Secondary accessions: Q15854

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for TFF2: NX_Q03403

Post-translational modifications:

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q03403

TFF2 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins: NP_005414.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000291526

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	Uscn Proteins for TFF2

Gene Ontology (GO): 1 cellular component term (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005615	extracellular space	IEA	--

TFF2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

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(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

TFF2 for domains About GeneDecksing

3 InterPro domains/families:

IPR000519 P_trefoil

IPR017994 P_trefoil_chordata

IPR017957 P_trefoil_CS

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q03403

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q03403

1 Blocks protein family: IPB000519 P-type trefoil domain

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TFF2_HUMAN, Q03403

Similarity: Contains 2 P-type (trefoil) domains

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, inGenious Targeting Laboratory,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, Sirion Biotech, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Molecular Function:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: TFF2_HUMAN, Q03403

Function: Inhibits gastrointestinal motility and gastric acid secretion. Could function as a structural component of

gastric mucus, possibly by stabilizing glycoproteins in the mucus gel through interactions with carbohydrate side

chains (By similarity)

Genatlas biochemistry entry for TFF2:

spasmolytic protein,spasmolysin inhibitor of gastric acid secretion and spasmolytic activity in pig,overexpressed in

gastritis ulceration,metaplasia and in some digestive tumors (stomach,pancreas,biliary tract)

Gene Ontology (GO): 2 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	--
GO:0031723	CXCR4 chemokine receptor binding	IEA	--

TFF2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

Phenotypes:
4 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles) (MGI details for Tff2):

digestive/alimentary

endocrine/exocrine gland

homeostasis/metabolism

immune system

TFF2 for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

Animal Models:
Mouse knock-outs for TFF2: Tff2^tm1Tcw Tff2^tm1Blin

inGenious Targeting Laboratory - Customizable classic, inducible, and humanized mouse model solutions for TFF2

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In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for TFF2

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for TFF2

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 2 interactants - click image to see more details)

2 Interacting proteins for TFF2 (Q03403^{1, 3} ENSP00000291526⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
TAC1	P20366³, ENSP00000321106⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000321106
FCRL4	Q96PJ5¹, ENSP00000271532⁴	EBI-4314702,EBI-4314687 STRING: ENSP00000271532

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/9 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 9): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0007586	digestion	TAS	9043862
GO:0008284	positive regulation of cell proliferation	IEA	--
GO:0019722	calcium-mediated signaling	IEA	--
GO:0030334	regulation of cell migration	IEA	--
GO:0043031	negative regulation of macrophage activation	IEA	--

TFF2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

TFF2 for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for TFF2

1 DrugBank Compound for TFF2 About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	Type	Actions	PubMed Ids
Pyroglutamic Acid	--	98-79-3	target	--	10592235

7 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for TFF2 gene About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
parathion	31.4	1	16142316 (1)
aspirin	23.5	11	11163773 (4), 14759512 (2), 12792801 (1), 19741170 (1) (see all 5)
capsaicin	8.62	1	9882597 (1)
indomethacin	6.08	9	15298624 (5), 14759512 (2), 11163773 (1)
arachidonic acid	0	2	11163773 (1), 12792801 (1)
calcium	0	1	10657523 (1)
estrogen	0	6	15177883 (3), 12792801 (1), 9737246 (1)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about TFF2

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
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Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for TFF2 gene:

NM_005423.4

Unigene Cluster for TFF2:

Trefoil factor 2

Hs.2979 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: BI517365

3 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000291526(uc002zaw.3) ENST00000463771 ENST00000475297

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Additional cDNA sequence:

BC032820.1 X51698.1

1 DOTS entry:

DT.97845589

24/64 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 64):

BM817851 NM_005423 BM783033 BM853882 BM768552 BI760118 BM855728 BM817810

BM821669 BP341913 BC032820 BP343522 BM851752 AA741431 BM767004 AW088677

BM855653 BQ082895 BM853946 BM843400 BM768686 BM769602 BP342158 BP342047

GeneLoc Exon Structure

3 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for TFF2 About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	^	2	^	3a	·	3b	^	4	^	5a	·	5b	·	5c
SP1:
SP2:					-
SP3:					-		-

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for TFF2

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

TFF2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: AAATCCTGGG

About this image

TFF2 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

1 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartment/Cell

Tissue

Anatomical Compartment

Cell

Category (developmental path)

Pancreas

Islets of Langerhans

Mature Beta Cells

Pancreas

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

See TFF2 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for TFF2

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.2979

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TFF2_HUMAN, Q03403

Tissue specificity: Stomach

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In Situ
Assay Products:

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(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

Orthologs for TFF2 gene from 1/8 species (see all 8) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	TFF2¹	trefoil factor 2	51.98(n) 45.76(a)		418534 XM_416743.3 XP_416743.1

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for TFF2 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for TFF2 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for TFF2 gene

TFF1² TFF3²

2 SIMAP similar genes for TFF2 using alignment to 1 protein entry: TFF2_HUMAN:

TFF1 TFF3

TFF2 for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 21 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs142013864^1,2		--	43766012(+)	`GCCAGC/GCATGG`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs145777590^1,2		--	43766087(+)	`GATGTC/TAGGAG`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs138649036^1,2		--	43766103(+)	`GACCAA/GCCTGG`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs7282669^1,2	C,F,H	--	43766333(+)	`ctcacA/Gcatat`	1	--	ds500¹		5		NS EA WA	538
rs12483635^1,2	C,F,A,H	--	43766377(+)	`GGTACA/GCACAC`	1	--	ds500¹		12		NS EA NA CSA WA	1551
rs12483263^1,2	C,H	--	43766392(+)	`acatgG/Tgtaca`	1	--	ds500¹		1		CSA	2
rs115138156^1,2	C,F	--	43766397(+)	`GTGTGA/C/G/T GNNNN`	1	--	ds500¹		2		WA NA	238
rs4920084^1,2	C	--	43766482(+)	`TTAAGG/AGTTTT`	1	--	ut3¹		4		NA	144
rs148359223^1,2		--	43766520(+)	`TGAAAA/GTGAGG`	1	--	ut3¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs73368573^1,2	C	--	43766532(+)	`AAAGAG/TGGTTA`	1	--	ut3¹		1		WA	2

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for TFF2 (43766466 - 43771237 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 2 variations for TFF2
2 Indels: 90797 79365

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing TFF2

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for TFF2

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

TFF2 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 182590    OMIM disorders: --

20/29 diseases for TFF2 (see all 29):    About MalaCards

autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness nonsyndromic deafness bile duct adenoma barrett's esophagus

inflammatory bowel disease gastritis gastric ulcer endocervicitis

pterygium squamous cell carcinoma rheumatoid arthritis pancreatic carcinoma

down syndrome gastric cancer carcinoma breast carcinoma

breast cancer duodenitis pancreatitis colon carcinoma

2 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for TFF2:

Gastritis Gastric adenocarcinoma

10/25 Novoseek disease relationships for TFF2 gene (see all 25) About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
gastric polyp	69.3	2	10398119 (1), 10699992 (1)
metaplasia	64.2	8	10190312 (3), 15300590 (1), 12717829 (1), 12210076 (1) (see all 5)
superficial gastritis	63.8	3	15059374 (1), 16718800 (1), 12717829 (1)
gastric cancer	62.4	30	15059374 (4), 13679442 (4), 12168114 (4), 19541923 (3) (see all 11)
intestinal carcinoma	61	1	12210076 (1)
gastritis atrophic	54.8	3	15059374 (1), 16718800 (1), 12717829 (1)
inflammatory bowel diseases	41.6	1	15115253 (1)
gastric carcinoma	41.4	9	18938748 (2), 12717829 (2), 12210076 (2), 16166422 (1) (see all 5)
barrett esophagus	40.2	1	12152167 (1)
pancreatic carcinoma	38.6	2	10759231 (1), 11389052 (1)

Genetic Association Database (GAD): TFF2
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: TFF2 (1 document)

Export disorders for TFF2 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for TFF2 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 151):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with TFF2)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Human trefoil peptides: genomic structure in 21q22.3 and coordinated expression. (PubMed id 9043862)^{1, 3, 9} Gott P....Blin N. (1996)
The three human trefoil genes TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 are located within a region of 55 kb on chromosome 21q22.3. (PubMed id 9070946)^{1, 2, 9} Seib T.... Welter C. (1997)
The gene encoding the human spasmolytic protein (SML1/hSP) is in 21q 22.3, physically linked to the homologous breast cancer marker gene BCEI/pS2. (PubMed id 1505966)^{1, 3, 9} Tomasetto C....Rio M.C. (1992)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Refined localization of autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness DFNB10 locus using 34 novel microsatellite markers, genomic structure, and exclusion of six known genes in the region. (PubMed id 10950923)^{1, 2} Berry A.... Bonne-Tamir B. (2000)
hSP, the domain-duplicated homolog of pS2 protein, is co-expressed with pS2 in stomach but not in breast carcinoma. (PubMed id 2303034)^{1, 2} Tomasetto C....Lathe R. (1990)
Characterization of a CCAAT-enhancer element of trefoil factor family 2 (TFF2) promoter in MCF-7 cells. (PubMed id 15177880)^{1, 9} Chi A.L....Wang T.C. (2004)
Expression of TFF2 and Helicobacter pylori infection in carcinogenesis of gastric mucosa. (PubMed id 12717829)^{1, 9} Hu G.Y....Rang Z.X. (2003)
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) regulates trefoil factor family 2 (TFF2) expression in gastric epithelial cells. (PubMed id 17118693)^{1, 9} Shimada T....Hiraishi H. (2007)
The human two domain trefoil protein, TFF2, is glycosylated in vivo in the stomach. (PubMed id 10716671)^{1, 9} May F.E....Westley B.R. (2000)

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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 7032	HGNC: 11756	AceView: TFF2	Ensembl:ENSG00000160181	euGenes: HUgn7032
ECgene: TFF2	H-InvDB: TFF2

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
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PharmGKB entry for TFF2	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for TFF2	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

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