TERF2 Gene

Aliases &
Descriptions
for TERF2

Previous GC identifers: GC16M060074 GC16M069767 GC16M069124 GC16M069165

Summaries
for TERF2

Gene Wiki entry for TERF2

Genomic Location
for TERF2

Proteins
for TERF2

PDB structures from and Proteopedia :

1H6P (3D)    1VF9 (3D)    1VFC (3D)    1W0U (3D)    1XG1 (3D)    3BU8 (3D)    3BUA (3D)    

Post-translational modifications:

	Browse Drug Discovery Central at Invitrogen for human recombinant proteins
	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at Millipore
	Browse Human Recombinant Proteins at Sigma-Aldrich
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	Recombinant Proteins from Abcam (TRF2)
	Human Recombinant Proteins from Abnova (TERF2)

5/8 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component terms (links to tree view) (see all 8 ):

	Browse Antibodies Central at Invitrogen
	Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of TERF2
	Sigma-Aldrich Antibodies for TERF2
	R&D Systems Antibodies for TERF2 (TRF-2)
	Antibodies from Abcam (TRF2), each with their AbpromiseSM
	Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies from Abnova (TERF2)
	Novus Biologicals Antibodies for TERF2

	Browse Invitrogen for biochemical assays
	Browse Kits and Assays available from Millipore
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

Protein Domains/
Families
for TERF2

5/6 InterPro domains/families (see all 6 ):

IPR017357 Telomere_repeat-bd-1_Pin2  IPR013867 Telomere_repeat-bd_fac_dimer  IPR001005 SANT_DNA-bd  IPR014778 Myb_DNA-bd  IPR012287 Homeodomain-rel    GeneDecks  TERF2 for the domains selected above   About GeneDecksing

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q15554

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q15554

Gene Function
for TERF2

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (TERF2)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (TERF2)

Clones:		Invitrogen Clones for TERF2
		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore

3 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles) (MGI details for Terf2):

4 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (links to tree view):

Pathways & Interactions
for TERF2

5/11 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms (links to tree view) (see all 11 ):

Drugs & Compounds
for TERF2

Transcripts
for TERF2

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (TERF2)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (TERF2)

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs: 

REFSEQ mRNAs for TERF2 gene: 

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays: 

Expression
for TERF2

TERF2 expression in normal and diseased human tissues

 Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for TERF2

¹ / ² / ³

8 probe-sets matching TERF2 gene

	Affymetrix probe-set	Array	GeneAnnot data			GeneNote data		GeneTide data
			# genes	Sensitivity	Specificity	Correlation	Length	Gb_Accession	Consensus	Uniqueness	Score	Rank
	1299_at2, 3	U95-A	1	1.00	1.00	0.30	0.19	X93512	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
	41097_at2, 3	U95-A	1	1.00	1.00	0.26	0.86	AF002999	1.00	1.00	1.00	1
	56258_f_at2, 3	U95-C	2643	0.56	0.00	0.68	1.47	AI370094	0.20	0.09	0.16	1
	74524_at2, 3	U95-D	1	0.44	1.00	0.91	0.68	AI766037	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
	203611_at2, 3	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	NM_005652	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
	1555185_x_at2	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
	1555183_at2	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
	203611_at2	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

GeneDecks  TERF2 for binary patterns associated with the probe-sets selected above   About GeneDecksing

About this table    

GNF BioGPS
    About these images
About these images

CGAP SAGE TAG: TGGTTGAACC

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.63335

Expression variation in blood from EXPOLDB for TERF2

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TERF2_HUMAN, Q15554

Tissue specificity: Ubiquitous. Highly expressed in spleen, thymus, prostate, uterus, testis, small

intestine, colon and peripheral blood leukocytes

Orthologs
for TERF2

Paralogs
for TERF2

Paralogs for TERF2 gene

TERF1²  

SNPs/Variants
for TERF2

Disorders & Mutations
for TERF2

10/19 Novoseek disease relationships for TERF2 gene (see all 19 )

Medical News
for TERF2

Publications
for TERF2

• Human telomeres contain two distinct Myb-related proteins, TRF1 and TRF2. (PubMed id 9326950)^{1, 2, 3, 4} Broccoli D.... de Lange T. (1997)
• TIN2 binds TRF1 and TRF2 simultaneously and stabilizes the TRF2 complex on telomeres. (PubMed id 15316005)^{1, 3, 4} Ye J.Z....de Lange T. (2004)
• Cell-cycle-regulated association of RAD50/MRE11/NBS1 with TRF2 and human telomeres. (PubMed id 10888888)^{1, 3, 4} Zhu X.-D.... de Lange T. (2000)
• Telosome, a mammalian telomere-associated complex formed by multiple telomeric proteins. (PubMed id 15383534)^{1, 3, 4} Liu D....Songyang Z. (2004)
• Chromosomal sublocalization of the transcribed human telomere repeat binding factor 2 gene and comparative mapping in the mouse. (PubMed id 10226653)^{1, 2, 3} Sakaguchi A.Y....Giambernardi T.A. (1998)
• TRF2 protects human telomeres from end-to-end fusions. (PubMed id 9476899)^{1, 3, 4} van Steensel B.... de Lange T. (1998)
• Structure of the TRFH dimerization domain of the human telomeric proteins TRF1 and TRF2. (PubMed id 11545737)^{1, 3, 4} Fairall L.... Rhodes D. (2001)
• Shelterin: the protein complex that shapes and safeguards human telomeres. (PubMed id 16166375)^{1, 3, 4} de Lange T. (2005)
• A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization. (PubMed id 16964243)^{3, 4} Beausoleil S.A.... Gygi S.P. (2006)
• Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. (PubMed id 17081983)^{3, 4} Olsen J.V....Mann M. (2006)
• Telomeric localization of TRF2, a novel human telobox protein. (PubMed id 9326951)^{3, 4} Bilaud T.... Gilson E. (1997)
• Nucleolar localization of the human telomeric repeat binding factor 2 (TRF2). (PubMed id 15265990)^{1, 3} Zhang S....Grosse F. (2004)
• TRF2 is required for repair of nontelomeric DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination. (PubMed id 17670947)^{1, 3} Mao Z....Gorbunova V. (2007)
• Functional interaction between poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase 2 (PARP-2) and TRF2: PARP activity negatively regulates TRF2. (PubMed id 14749375)^{1, 3} Dantzer F....Schreiber V. (2004)
• Human XPF controls TRF2 and telomere length maintenance through distinctive mechanisms. (PubMed id 18812185)^{1, 3} Wu Y....Zhu X.D. (2008)
• Involvement of human ORC and TRF2 in pre-replication complex assembly at telomeres. (PubMed id 18761675)^{1, 3} Tatsumi Y....Fujita M. (2008)
• The telomeric protein TRF2 is critical for the protection of A549 cells from both telomere erosion and DNA double-strand breaks driven by salvicine. (PubMed id 18025071)^{1, 3} Zhang Y.W....Ding J. (2008)
• The basic domain of TRF2 directs binding to DNA junctions irrespective of the presence of TTAGGG repeats. (PubMed id 17052985)^{1, 3} Fouche N....Griffith J.D. (2006)
• TIN2 mediates functions of TRF2 at human telomeres. (PubMed id 15292264)^{1, 3} Kim S.H....Campisi J. (2004)
• Control of human telomere length by TRF1 and TRF2. (PubMed id 10669743)^{1, 3} Smogorzewska A....de Lange T. (2000)
• TRF2 functions as a protein hub and regulates telomere maintenance by recognizing specific peptide motifs. (PubMed id 19287395)^{1, 3} Kim H....Songyang Z. (2009)
• Modulation of telomere shelterin by TRF1 [corrected] and TRF2 interacts with telomerase to maintain the telomere length in non-small cell lung cancer. (PubMed id 17681636)^{1, 3} Hsu C.P....Lee L.W. (2007)
• The telomeric protein TRF2 binds the ATM kinase and can inhibit the ATM-dependent DNA damage response. (PubMed id 15314656)^{1, 3} Karlseder J....de Lange T. (2004)
• Association and regulation of the BLM helicase by the telomere proteins TRF1 and TRF2. (PubMed id 15229185)^{1, 3} Lillard-Wetherell K....Groden J. (2004)
• Human telomeric protein TRF2 associates with genomic double-strand breaks as an early response to DNA damage. (PubMed id 15665826)^{1, 3} Bradshaw P.S....Meyn M.S. (2005)
• DNA damage-induced phosphorylation of the human telomere-associated protein TRF2. (PubMed id 16223874)^{1, 3} Tanaka H....Gilley D. (2005)
• TRF2 is in neuroglial cytoplasm and induces neurite-like processes. (PubMed id 14741354)^{1, 3} Jung Y....Lee I. (2004)
• DNA damage transiently increases TRF2 mRNA expression and telomerase activity. (PubMed id 14513051)^{1, 3} Klapper W....Parwaresch R. (2003)
• Targeting assay to study the cis functions of human telomeric proteins: evidence for inhibition of telomerase by TRF1 and for activation of telomere degradation by TRF2. (PubMed id 11971978)^{1, 3} Ancelin K....Gilson E. (2002)
• How the human telomeric proteins TRF1 and TRF2 recognize telomeric DNA: a view from high-resolution crystal structures. (PubMed id 15608617)^{1, 3} Court R....Rhodes D. (2005)
• Up-regulation of telomere-binding proteins, TRF1, TRF2, and TIN2 is related to telomere shortening during human multistep hepatocarcinogenesis. (PubMed id 15632001)^{1, 3} Oh B.K....Park Y.N. (2005)
• A human interstitial telomere associates in vivo with specific TRF2 and TIN2 proteins. (PubMed id 11938440)^{1, 3} Mignon-Ravix C....Mattei M.G. (2002)
• Telomere-binding protein TRF2 binds to and stimulates the Werner and Bloom syndrome helicases. (PubMed id 12181313)^{1, 3} Opresko P.L....Bohr V.A. (2002)
• Down-regulation of TRF1, TRF2 and TIN2 genes is important to maintain telomeric DNA for gastric cancers. (PubMed id 12530079)^{1, 3} Yamada M....Watanabe N. (2002)
• Increased expression of telomere length regulating factors TRF1, TRF2 and TIN2 in patients with adult T-cell leukemia. (PubMed id 16786598)^{1, 3} Bellon M....Nicot C. (2006)
• Statins enhance migratory capacity by upregulation of the telomere repeat-binding factor TRF2 in endothelial progenitor cells. (PubMed id 15520325)^{1, 3} Spyridopoulos I....Dimmeler S. (2004)
• Interaction of human Ku70 with TRF2. (PubMed id 10984620)^{1, 3} Song K....Lee I. (2000)
• TRF2 overexpression diminishes repair of telomeric single-strand breaks and accelerates telomere shortening in human fibroblasts. (PubMed id 17395247)^{1, 3} Richter T....von Zglinicki T. (2007)
• XPF with mutations in its conserved nuclease domain is defective in DNA repair but functions in TRF2-mediated telomere shortening. (PubMed id 17055345)^{1, 3} Wu Y....Zhu X.D. (2007)
• A mass spectrometric approach to the study of DNA-binding proteins: interaction of human TRF2 with telomeric DNA. (PubMed id 18197706)³ Sperry J.B....Gross M.L. (2008)
• The protein hSnm1B is stabilized when bound to the telomere-binding protein TRF2. (PubMed id 18593705)³ Freibaum B.D. and Counter C.M. (2008)
• A shared docking motif in TRF1 and TRF2 used for differential recruitment of telomeric proteins. (PubMed id 18202258)³ Chen Y....Lei M. (2008)
• WRN controls formation of extrachromosomal telomeric circles and is required for TRF2DeltaB-mediated telomere shortening. (PubMed id 18212065)³ Li B....Comai L. (2008)
• Endogenous hSNM1B/Apollo interacts with TRF2 and stimulates ATM in response to ionizing radiation. (PubMed id 18468965)³ Demuth I....Concannon P. (2008)
• The protein kinase Aurora C phosphorylates TRF2. (PubMed id 18309533)³ Spengler D. (2007)
• Lack of TRF2 in ALT cells causes PML-dependent p53 activation and loss of telomeric DNA. (PubMed id 18056407)³ Stagno D'Alcontres M....Salomoni P. (2007)
• A RAP1/TRF2 complex inhibits nonhomologous end-joining at human telomeric DNA ends. (PubMed id 17499040)³ Bae N.S. and Baumann P. (2007)
• Accumulation and altered localization of telomere-associated protein TRF2 in immortally transformed and tumor-derived human breast cells. (PubMed id 15735711)³ Nijjar T....Yaswen P. (2005)
• Molecular mechanisms of DNA end-loop formation by TRF2. (PubMed id 15005708)³ Yoshimura S.H....Takeyasu K. (2004)
• Telomere-bound TRF1 and TRF2 stall the replication fork at telomeric repeats. (PubMed id 15007108)³ Ohki R. and Ishikawa F. (2004)
• Human TATA-binding protein-related factor-2 (hTRF2) stably associates with hTFIIA in HeLa cells. (PubMed id 10570139)³ Teichmann M....Roeder R.G. (1999)
• Comparison between TRF2 and TRF1 of their telomeric DNA-bound structures and DNA-binding activities. (PubMed id 15608118)¹ Hanaoka S....Nishimura Y. (2005)
• TRF2 promotes multidrug resistance in gastric cancer cells. (PubMed id 16760674)¹ Ning H....Fan D. (2006)
• TRF2 promotes, remodels and protects telomeric Holliday junctions. (PubMed id 19197240)¹ Poulet A....Giraud-Panis M.J. (2009)
• [Expression of telomere binding factor 2 (TRF2) on leukemia cell lines and primary leukemia cells] (PubMed id 18422278)¹ Chen X.H....Qian W.B. (2008)
• Interactions of TRF2 with model telomeric ends. (PubMed id 17850765)¹ Khan S.J....Fletcher T.M. (2007)
• Telomere attrition and chromosome instability via downregulation of TRF2 contributes to arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis of human T-Cell leukemia cell line molt-4 cells. (PubMed id 17643074)¹ Jiao Y....Qian W. (2007)
• TRF2 dysfunction elicits DNA damage responses associated with senescence in proliferating neural cells and differentiation of neurons. (PubMed id 16539655)¹ Zhang P....Mattson M.P. (2006)
• Cell cycle-dependent 3D distribution of telomeres and telomere repeat-binding factor 2 (TRF2) in HaCaT and HaCaT-myc cells. (PubMed id 15679112)¹ Ermler S....Boukamp P. (2004)
• Telomere repeat binding factors TRF1, TRF2, and hRAP1 modulate replication of Epstein-Barr virus OriP. (PubMed id 14581536)¹ Deng Z....Lieberman P.M. (2003)
• Nontelomeric TRF2-REST interaction modulates neuronal gene silencing and fate of tumor and stem cells. (PubMed id 18818083)¹ Zhang P....Mattson M.P. (2008)
• A dynamic molecular link between the telomere length regulator TRF1 and the chromosome end protector TRF2. (PubMed id 15380063)¹ Houghtaling B.R....Smith S. (2004)
• Telomerase abrogation dramatically accelerates TRF2-induced epithelial carcinogenesis. (PubMed id 17234886)¹ Blanco R....Blasco M.A. (2007)
• XPF nuclease-dependent telomere loss and increased DNA damage in mice overexpressing TRF2 result in premature aging and cancer. (PubMed id 16142233)¹ Munoz P....Blasco M.A. (2005)
• Oxidative damage in telomeric DNA disrupts recognition by TRF1 and TRF2. (PubMed id 15731343)¹ Opresko P.L....Bohr V.A. (2005)
• Cloning and characterisation of the chicken gene encoding the telomeric protein TRF2. (PubMed id 10571037)¹ Konrad J.P....Farr C.J. (1999)
• The shelterin protein TRF2 inhibits Chk2 activity at telomeres in the absence of DNA damage. (PubMed id 19375317)¹ Buscemi G....Delia D. (2009)
• The effect of the TRF2 N-terminal and TRFH regions on telomeric G-quadruplex structures. (PubMed id 19139067)¹ Pedroso I.M....Fletcher T.M. (2009)
• PML and TRF2 protein expression in hereditary and sporadic colon cancer. (PubMed id 17822315)¹ Plevova P....Kolar Z. (2007)
• TRF2 inhibition triggers apoptosis and reduces tumourigenicity of human melanoma cells. (PubMed id 16750909)¹ Biroccio A....Gilson E. (2006)
• G-Quadruplex stabilization by telomestatin induces TRF2 protein dissociation from telomeres and anaphase bridge formation accompanied by loss of the 3' telomeric overhang in cancer cells. (PubMed id 16302000)¹ Tahara H....Ide T. (2006)
• TRF2 recruits the Werner syndrome (WRN) exonuclease for processing of telomeric DNA. (PubMed id 14712220)¹ Machwe A....Orren D.K. (2004)
• T-loop assembly in vitro involves binding of TRF2 near the 3' telomeric overhang. (PubMed id 11574485)¹ Stansel R.M....Griffith J.D. (2001)
• p53- and ATM-dependent apoptosis induced by telomeres lacking TRF2. (PubMed id 10037601)¹ Karlseder J....de Lange T. (1999)
• Influence of nucleoside analogue treatment on telomere length and TRF2 amount in human HL60 cells. (PubMed id 18029682)¹ Liu X....Yamaguchi T. (2007)
• Protection of telomeres through independent control of ATM and ATR by TRF2 and POT1. (PubMed id 17687332)¹ Denchi E.L. and de Lange T. (2007)
• Up-regulation of telomere-binding TRF1, TRF2 related to reactive oxygen species induced by As(2)O(3) in MGC-803 cells. (PubMed id 15904916)¹ Zhang Y....Qin J.F. (2005)
• A balanced transcription between telomerase and the telomeric DNA-binding proteins TRF1, TRF2 and Pot1 in resting, activated, HTLV-1-transformed and Tax-expressing human T lymphocytes. (PubMed id 16354306)¹ Escoffier E....Duc Dodon M. (2005)
• Expression of mRNAs for telomeric repeat binding factor (TRF)-1 and TRF2 in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of the lung. (PubMed id 12631614)¹ Nakanishi K....Gilson E. (2003)
• A topological mechanism for TRF2-enhanced strand invasion. (PubMed id 17220898)¹ Amiard S....Giraud-Panis M.J. (2007)
• The Apollo 5' exonuclease functions together with TRF2 to protect telomeres from DNA repair. (PubMed id 16730175)¹ Lenain C....Gilson E. (2006)
• Interactions of putative telomere-binding proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana: identification of functional TRF2 homolog in plants. (PubMed id 15589838)¹ Kuchar M. and Fajkus J. (2004)
• Impaired telomere regulation mechanism by TRF1 (telomere-binding protein), but not TRF2 expression, in acute leukemia cells. (PubMed id 11179492)¹ Ohyashiki J.H....Ohyashiki K. (2001)
• Caspase-dependent apoptosis induced by telomere cleavage and TRF2 loss. (PubMed id 11005568)¹ Multani A.S....Pathak S. (2000)
• TRF2 inhibition promotes anchorage-independent growth of telomerase-positive human fibroblasts. (PubMed id 16205637)¹ Brunori M....Gilson E. (2006)
• The Werner syndrome helicase and exonuclease cooperate to resolve telomeric D loops in a manner regulated by TRF1 and TRF2. (PubMed id 15200954)¹ Opresko P.L....Bohr V.A. (2004)
• Genetic dissection of the mechanisms underlying telomere-associated diseases: impact of the TRF2 telomeric protein on mouse epidermal stem cells. (PubMed id 19259387)¹ Stout G.J. and Blasco M.A. (2009)

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