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TCN2 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 59

GC22P029327
transcobalamin II; macrocytic anemia
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database
Services    
(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc , and/or 7Ensembl, 8miRBase)
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Aliases
D22S676 1, 2
D22S750 1, 2
TC-2 3
TC2 1, 2, 3, 5
TCII 3
Descriptions
TC II 3
Transcobalamin II 2, 3
transcobalamin II; macrocytic anemia 2
External Ids
HGNC: 116531
Entrez Gene: 69482
UniProtKB: P200623
Ensembl: ENSG000001853397
Search outside databases for aliases for TCN2 gene

Previous GC identifer: GC22P027699

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
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EntrezGene summary for TCN2:
This gene encodes a member of the vitamin B12-binding protein family. This family of proteins,
alternatively referred to as R binders, is expressed in various tissues and secretions. This
plasma protein binds cobalamin and mediates the transport of cobalamin into cells. This protein
and other mammalian cobalamin-binding proteins, such as transcobalamin I and gastric intrisic
factor, may have evolved by duplication of a common ancestral gene. [provided by RefSeq]

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TCO2_HUMAN, P20062
Function: Primary vitamin B12-binding and transport protein. Delivers cobalamin to cells

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
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Genomic View:
UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

 Transcription factor binding sites upstream to the TCN2 gene  

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 22q12.2   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  22q12.2   HGNC cytogenetic band: 22q12.2

TCN2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 22         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC22P029327:     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
29,333,139 bp from pter
End:
29,353,047 bp from pter
Size:
19,909 bases
Orientation:
plus strand
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000022.9  NT_011520.11  
(According to 1UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to 2Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TCO2_HUMAN, P20062 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Transcobalamin-2 precursor  
Size: 427 amino acids; 47535 Da
Subcellular location: Secreted
PDB structures from and Proteopedia :
2BB5 (3D)    
Secondary accessions: Q9BVI8 Q9UCI5 Q9UCI6 Q9UDM0

REFSEQ proteins: NP_000346.2  

ENSEMBL proteins: 
ENSP00000385914 ENSP00000384914 ENSP00000215838 


Human Recombinant Proteins 
Browse Drug Discovery Central at Invitrogen for human recombinant proteins
Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at Millipore
Browse Human Recombinant Proteins at Sigma-Aldrich  
Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
Recombinant Proteins from Abcam (TCN2)
Human Recombinant Proteins from Abnova (TCN2)
                Browse Origene for full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells 

2 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component terms (links to tree view):

GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
GO:0005576 extracellular region IEA--
GO:0005615 extracellular space TAS1708393
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Antibodies for TCN2: 
Browse Antibodies Central at Invitrogen
Browse Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
Sigma-Aldrich Antibodies for TCN2
Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
Antibodies from Abcam (TCN2), each with their AbpromiseSM
Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies from Abnova (TCN2)
Novus Biologicals Antibody for TCN2

Assays for TCN2: 
Browse Invitrogen for biochemical assays
Browse Kits and Assays available from Millipore
Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
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1 InterPro domain/family:
 IPR002157 Cbl-bd_transpt_euk


   GeneDecks  TCN2 for the domains selected above  
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Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P20062

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P20062

1 Blocks protein family: IPB002157 Eukaryotic cobalamin-binding protein

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TCO2_HUMAN, P20062
Similarity: Belongs to the eukaryotic cobalamin transport proteins family

(According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Inhib.
RNA:
Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (TCN2)
Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (TCN2)
              OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector: NM_000355

              Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for TCN2

              Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for TCN2  
                     Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for TCN2  
                     Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs  

Clones:Invitrogen Clones for TCN2
Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore
              OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_000355
                                 Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_000355
                                 untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_000355 

Primers: Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers
              OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_000355

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TCO2_HUMAN, P20062
Function: Primary vitamin B12-binding and transport protein. Delivers cobalamin to cells

Genatlas biochemistry entry for TCN2:
transcobalamin II,plasma protein vitamin B12 binding

3 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (links to tree view):

GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
GO:0015087 cobalt ion transmembrane transporter activity IEA--
GO:0031419 cobalamin binding IEA--
GO:0050897 cobalt ion binding IEA--
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(Pathways according to Invitrogen (maps by GeneGo), Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, and/or 3STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
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 Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for  TCN2 


5/11 Interacting proteins for TCN2 (ENSP000002158383) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING (see all 11 )
InteractantInteraction Details
GeneCardExternal ID(s)
MTRENSP000003555353STRING (score=.916)
LRP2ENSP000002638163STRING (score=.889)
CDAN1ENSP000003485643STRING (score=.859)
MTHFRENSP000003657673STRING (score=.847)
MTRRENSP000002646683STRING (score=.838)
About this table

3 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms (links to tree view):

GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
GO:0006811 ion transport IEA--
GO:0006824 cobalt ion transport IEA--
GO:0015889 cobalamin transport TAS3782074
About this table
(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
About This Section

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences
Browse Small Molecules at Sigma-Aldrich

Browse Tocris compounds for TCN2
5 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for TCN2 gene
Compound   Score   Articles   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
homocysteine 74.11 16 9176833 (5), 17220211 (1), 15086930 (1), 12911562 (1) (see all 9)
methylmalonic acid 73.99 1 8626762 (1)
corrinoid 71.21 1 9095356 (1)
methionine 67.74 13 2070814 (1), 9587028 (1), 17164363 (1), 17449906 (1) (see all 11)
cystathionine 61.04 3 16412818 (1), 14752013 (1), 18799873 (1)
About this table


(GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 219 Homo sapiens; Jun 2 2009) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
ESTs according to GeneTide,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, and/or Abnova,
siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

Inhib.
RNA:
Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (TCN2)
Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (TCN2)
              OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector: NM_000355

              Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for TCN2  
                     Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for TCN2  
                     Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs  

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs: 

NM_000355  

REFSEQ mRNAs for TCN2 gene: 

NM_000355.2   

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays: 

NM_000355  

              OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_000355
                                 Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_000355
                                 untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_000355 

Additional cDNA sequence: 

AK225445.1 AK313711.1 BC001176.1 BC011239.1 CR456591.1 CR590469.1 CR604069.1 CR607717.1 
L02647.1 L02648.1 M60396.1 

8 DOTS entries:

DT.451827  DT.40129095  DT.75136777  DT.91829780  DT.100764218  DT.100769826  DT.100738154  DT.75120205 

24/180 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 180 ):

BU185449 NM_000355 CD672244 CR590469 BM708955 AI570511 AU122683 BU196466 
BC001176 BX345241 AL040870 BC011239 BQ679837 BE855856 CR604069 BI916813 
BX395297 AV708225 CR607717 BM977935 CR456591 BQ881415 BP346761 BF439265 

highest scoring ESTs for TCN2:

L02648 AA069209 AA196511 AA205596 AA453855 AA490459 AA612821 AA862710 AA902116 AA936072 

Unigene Cluster for TCN2:

Transcobalamin II; macrocytic anemia
Hs.417948  [show with all ESTs]
Unigene Representative Sequence: AK225445


GeneLoc Exon Structure

2 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for TCN2

ExUns: 1a · 1b ^ 2 ^ 3a · 3b ^ 4 ^ 5a · 5b ^ 6 ^ 7 ^ 8 ^ 9
SP1:                                                                        
SP2:                          -                                             

About this scheme

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for TCN2

3 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations:
ENST00000405742  ENST00000407817  ENST00000215838  
(Experimental results according to 1GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
probe sets-to-genes annotations according to 2GeneAnnot , 3GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 219 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems )
About This Section

TCN2 expression in normal and diseased human tissues

 Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for TCN2

1 / 2 / 3

4 probe-sets matching TCN2 gene


Affymetrix
probe-set
Array  GeneAnnot data GeneNote data GeneTide data
# genes Sensitivity Specificity Correlation Length Gb_Accession Consensus Uniqueness Score Rank
37922_at2, 3 U95-A 1 0.88 1.00 0.92 0.88 L02648 1.00 1.00 1.00 1
89946_at2, 3 U95-D 2 0.62 0.95 0.97 1.12 AA620916 0.60 1.00 0.82 1

204043_at2, 3 U133-A 1 1.00 1.00 -- -- NM_000355 0.60 1.00 0.82 1

204043_at2 U133Plus2 1 1.00 1.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
GeneDecks  TCN2 for binary patterns associated with the probe-sets selected above  
About GeneDecksing
About this table    
Data from (Publications) and GNF BioGPS
    About these images
About these images

CGAP SAGE TAG: AAGCATCTCA

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.417948

Expression variation in blood from EXPOLDB for TCN2

(Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD and/or 5MGI Jun 06 2009, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
About This Section


Orthologs for TCN2 gene from 5/6 species (see all 6 )
Organism Gene Locus Description Human
Similarity
NCBI accessions
dog
(Canis familiaris)
TCN21   -- transcobalamin II; macrocytic anemia 82.51(n)
76.35(a)
486355  XM_543481.2  XP_543481.2 
chimpanzee
(Pan troglodytes)
TCN21   -- transcobalamin II; macrocytic anemia 98.91(n)
98.13(a)
470178  XM_525562.2  XP_525562.1 
cow
(Bos taurus)
TCN21   -- transcobalamin II; macrocytic anemia 79.31(n)
73.07(a)
281518  NM_174195.3  NP_776620.2 
rat
(Rattus norvegicus)
Tcn21   -- transcobalamin 2 78.12(n)
74.64(a)
64365  NM_022534.1  NP_071979.1 
mouse
(Mus musculus)
Tcn21, 5 11 (3.00 cM)5
transcobalamin 21, 5 78.06(n)1
73.54(a)1
214521  NM_015749.21  NP_056564.11 
 AF0906865  AK1337075  (see all 25)
About this table        Species with no ortholog for TCN2

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for TCN2
(Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene
and 2Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to 3Pseudogene.org)
About This Section

Paralogs for TCN2 gene
TCN12  GIF2  

(According to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TCO2_HUMAN, P20062
Polymorphism: Pro/Arg-259 polymorphism affects TCN2 plasma concentration and may interfere in
vitamin B(12) cellular availability and homocysteine metabolism


10/286 NCBI SNPs in TCN2 are shown (see all 286 )
(Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay)  (see all 97)
ABGenomic DataTranscription DataAllele Frequencies
SNP IDValidChr 22 posSequenceRecsAA
Chg
TypeMoreRecsAllele
freq
PopTotal
sample
More
------------
rs15444681,2
A,C,F,H,O29353191(+) ATGACA/GTTGAC 1 -- ng3111Minor allele frequency- G:0.29MN EU EA WA NA 1012
rs48208891,2
A,C,F,H29349044(+) TCTCCG/AAGACC 1 Q/R mis18Minor allele frequency- A:0.05EU EA WA 836
rs57532311,2
A,C,F,H29333069(+) GTTCCC/TTACCT 1 -- ng51 tfbs38Minor allele frequency- T:0.31EU EA WA 838
rs18011981,2
A,C,F,H29341610(+) CATGCC/GTGGGG 1 R/P mis1 ese39Minor allele frequency- G:0.49EA MN EU WA NA 2320
rs104181,2
A,C,F,H29352952(+) AGCTCC/TGAGCT 1 -- ut318Minor allele frequency- T:0.28EA MN EU WA NA 2278
rs57491311,2
A,C,F,H29331822(+) GATAAG/ATCAGG 1 -- ng51 tfbs38Minor allele frequency- A:0.47EU EA WA 838
rs96067561,2
C,F,H29336860(+) AAGAAA/GTACCA 1 I/V mis112Minor allele frequency- G:0.08NA EU EA WA 1056
rs20721951,2
C,F,H29352733(+) GGCCAA/TGTCTG 1 -- ut31 ese35Minor allele frequency- T:0.27EA EU WA 1886
rs96210491,2
C,F,H29343419(+) CATCTC/TTGTTC 1 S/F mis1 ese313Minor allele frequency- T:0.07EU EA WA NA 1336
rs22404331,2
A,C,F29333138(+) CACAGA/GCCTTC 1 -- ng511Minor allele frequency- G:0.23EA 1498
About this table

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for TCN2 (up to first 250kb)

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, Novoseek, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

OMIM: 275350

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TCO2_HUMAN, P20062

  • Defects in TCN2 are the cause of transcobalamin II deficiency [MIM:275350]. This results
    in various forms of anemia
  • 10/21 Novoseek disease relationships for TCN2 gene (see all 21 )

    Disease   Score   Articles   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    transcobalamin ii deficiency 97.74 18 8362900 (3), 7741573 (2), 17993636 (2), 7980584 (1) (see all 14)
    anemia megaloblastic 83.46 8 8978297 (1), 2333586 (1), 7742531 (1), 12436132 (1) (see all 7)
    methylmalonic aciduria 70.99 3 1909779 (1), 2309761 (1), 10518276 (1)
    vitamin b12 deficiency 62.23 2 7849710 (1)
    neural tube defects 56.04 2 15782407 (1), 11259691 (1)
    homocystinuria 54.48 1 2309761 (1)
    hemoglobinuria 53.70 6 7622977 (4), 8708525 (1)
    typhus 52.45 2 7622977 (1), 15906652 (1)
    malaria cerebral 44.47 1 7759977 (1)
    azotemia 39.06 5 7673805 (1), 8525419 (1)
    About this table

    Genatlas disease: TCN2
    anemia,megalobastic,severe with thrombocytopenia and neutropenia,methylmalonic acidemia and
    homocystinuria

    Human Gene Mutation Database: TCN2
    Genetic Association Database: TCN2
    Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator: TCN2 (34 documents)

    (Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
    About This Section

      --

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Novoseek, 2HGNC, 3Entrez Gene, 4UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 5UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 6GAD, and/or 7PharmGKB)
    About This Section

    10/150 PubMed articles for TCN2 gene (see all 150 ):
    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section

     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Free Text  

      Query String
    PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)
    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section

    Entrez Gene: 6948 HGNC: 11653 AceView: TCN2 Ensembl:ENSG00000185339 euGenes: HUgn6948
    ECgene: TCN2 H-InvDB: TCN2
    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section

      --
    (According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section

    NameDescription
    TCN2basehttp://bioinf.uta.fi/TCN2base/
    (Available from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts)
    About This Section

      --
    (Reagents available from Applied Biosystems, Antibodies and assays by Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Novus Biologicals,
    Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Millipore, Abnova, and/or Invitrogen, Clones available from OriGene,and/or Invitrogen, Drugs and/or compounds by Sigma-Aldrich,
    Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Tocris Bioscience)
    About This Section



    Products for TCN2:
     TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays
     TaqMan ® Genotyping Assays
      Free SNP selection tool



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     Predesigned and custom siRNAs for TCN2 Antibodies for TCN2
     Explore super-pooled esiRNAs Browse proteins at Sigma-Aldrich
     Lentivirus-delivered shRNAs for TCN2 Browse small molecules at Sigma-Aldrich
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     Antibodies for TCN2

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