TAS2R31 Gene
protein-coding GIFtS: 46
GCID: GC12M011183
|
|
taste receptor, type 2, member 31(Previous names: taste receptor, type 2, member 44 )
(Previous symbol: TAS2R44)
| |
Aliases
for TAS2R31 gene
(According to
1HGNC,
2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot,
4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc,
7Ensembl,
8DME,
9miRBase,
and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
|
| Aliases |
|---|
| Taste Receptor, Type 2, Member 311 2 | | Taste Receptor Type 2 Member 442 3 | | T2R531 2 3 5 | | Taste Receptor Type 2 Member 532 3 | | TAS2R441 2 3 5 | | T2R442 3 | | T2R311 2 3 | | Taste Receptor Type 2 Member 312 | | Taste Receptor, Type 2, Member 441 2 | | |
Export aliases for TAS2R31 gene to outside databasesPrevious GC identifers: GC00U991286 GC12U900761 GC12M011078 GC12M010911 |
Summaries
for TAS2R31 gene(According to Entrez Gene,
Tocris Bioscience,
Wikipedia's
Gene Wiki,
PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot,
and/or
UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
|
Entrez Gene summary for TAS2R31:
TAS2R44 belongs to the large TAS2R receptor family. TAS2Rs are expressed on the surface of taste receptor cells andmediate the perception of bitterness through a G protein-coupled second messenger pathway (Conte et al., 2002 (PubMed12584440)). For further information on TAS2Rs, see MIM 604791.(supplied by OMIM, Mar 2009)
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: T2R31_HUMAN, P59538Function: Receptor that may play a role in the perception of bitterness and is gustducin-linked. May play a role insensing the chemical composition of the gastrointestinal content. The activity of this receptor may stimulate alphagustducin, mediate PLC-beta-2 activation and lead to the gating of TRPM5 (By similarity). Activated by the sulfonylamide sweeteners saccharin and acesulfame K
Gene Wiki entry for TAS2R31
|
Genomic Views
for TAS2R31 gene
(According to
GeneLoc and/or
HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to
UCSC (hg19) and
Ensembl (release 69),
Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to
QIAGEN,
SABiosciences, and/or
SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
| RefSeq DNA sequence:- NC_000012.11 NC_018923.1 NT_009714.17
Regulatory elements:
 SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the TAS2R31 gene promoter:
FOXF2 FOXO4 FOXO3a FOXO3 HNF-3beta FOXO3b
Other transcription factors
Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for TAS2R31
Epigenetics:
| | QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat TAS2R31 |
Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 12p13.2 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 12p13.2 HGNC cytogenetic band: 12p13.2TAS2R31 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to
 (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
GeneLoc information about chromosome 12 GeneLoc Exon Structure GeneLoc location for GC12M011183: view genomic region
(about GC identifiers)
Start:
|
11,182,986 bp from pter |
End:
|
11,184,006 bp from pter |
Size:
|
1,021 bases |
Orientation:
|
minus strand |
|
Proteins
for TAS2R31 gene
(According to
1UniProtKB,
HORDE,
neXtProt,
Ensembl,
and/or Reactome,
Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus,
Specific Peptides from DME,
Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb,
RefSeq according to NCBI,
PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia,
Recombinant Proteins
from
EMD Millipore,
R&D Systems,
GenScript,
Enzo Life Sciences,
OriGene,
Novus Biologicals,
Sino Biological,
ProSpec, and/or
Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by
EMD Millipore,
R&D Systems,
OriGene,
GenScript,
Cell Signaling Technology,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or
Uscn,
Ontologies according to Gene
Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and
Entrez Gene,
Antibodies by
EMD Millipore,
R&D Systems,
GenScript,
Cell Signaling Technology,
OriGene,
Novus Biologicals,
Thermo Fisher Scientific,
Abcam, and/or
Uscn)
About This Section
|
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: T2R31_HUMAN, P59538 (See
protein sequence)Recommended Name: Taste receptor type 2 member 31 Size: 309 amino acids; 35278 Da
Subcellular location: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein
Miscellaneous: Most taste cells may be activated by a limited number of bitter compounds; individual taste cells candiscriminate among bitter stimuli
Secondary accessions: P59547 Q17R84 Q645X5Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for TAS2R31: NX_P59538
Post-translational modifications:
View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P59538
TAS2R31 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image 
REFSEQ proteins: NP_795366.2
ENSEMBL proteins: ENSP00000375093
Human Recombinant Protein Products:
Gene Ontology (GO): 1 cellular component term (GO ID links to tree view): About this table | GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|
| GO:0016021 | integral to membrane |
IEA | -- |
TAS2R31 for ontologies About GeneDecksing
TAS2R31 Antibody Products:
Assay Products for TAS2R31: |
Protein
Domains /
Families
for TAS2R31 gene(According to InterPro, ProtoNet,
UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section
|
TAS2R31 for domains About GeneDecksing
1 InterPro domain/family:Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P59538ProtoNet protein and cluster: P59538 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: T2R31_HUMAN, P59538Similarity: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor T2R family |
Function
for TAS2R31 gene
(According to 1UniProtKB,
Genatlas,
LifeMap Discovery™,
IUBMB, and/or
2DME,
Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi,
Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences,
miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase
shRNA from
OriGene,
RNAi from
EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from
OriGene,
QIAGEN,
microRNA from QIAGEN,
Gene Editing from DNA2.0,
Clones from EMD Millipore,
OriGene,
SwitchGear Genomics,
GenScript,
Sino Biological,
DNA2.0,
and Vector BioLabs,
Cell Lines from GenScript,
LifeMap BioReagents,
In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics,
Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via
Entrez Gene.)
About This Section
|
Function Summary:
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: T2R31_HUMAN, P59538Function: Receptor that may play a role in the perception of bitterness and is gustducin-linked. May play a role insensing the chemical composition of the gastrointestinal content. The activity of this receptor may stimulate alphagustducin, mediate PLC-beta-2 activation and lead to the gating of TRPM5 (By similarity). Activated by the sulfonylamide sweeteners saccharin and acesulfame K
Clone
Products: |  | Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore | |  | OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TAS2R31
OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TAS2R31
OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis,
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Gene Ontology (GO): 1 molecular function term (GO ID links to tree view): About this table | GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|
| GO:0004930 | G-protein coupled receptor activity |
IEA | -- |
TAS2R31 for ontologies About GeneDecksing
|
Pathways & Interactions
for TAS2R31 gene
(Pathways according to
EMD Millipore,
R&D Systems,
Cell Signaling Technology,
KEGG,
PharmGKB,
BioSystems,
Reactome,
Tocris Bioscience,
GeneGo (Thomson Reuters),
QIAGEN,
and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks,
Interaction Networks according to
SABiosciences,
and/or STRING,
Interactions according to 1UniProtKB,
2MINT,
3I2D, and/or
4STRING,
with links to IntAct and
Ensembl,
Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via
Entrez Gene).
About This Section
|
Unified GeneCards pathways About this table
See pathways by source
| Super-pathway | contained gene-specific pathways |
|---|
| 1 | Taste transduction | | | 2 | Sweet Taste Signaling | |
Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways
1 Downloadable PowerPoint Slide of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for TAS2R31
1 
Kegg Pathway (Kegg details for TAS2R31):
TAS2R31 for pathways About GeneDecksing
Interactions:
Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for TAS2R31
STRING Interaction
Network Preview (showing 1 interactants - click image to see more details)
1 Interacting protein for TAS2R31 (ENSP000003750934) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2DAbout this table
Gene Ontology (GO): 1 biological process term (GO ID links to tree view): About this table | GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|
| GO:0050909 | sensory perception of taste |
IEA | -- |
TAS2R31 for ontologies About GeneDecksing
|
Drugs & Compounds
for TAS2R31 gene(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences,
EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience
HMDB,
BitterDB, and/or
Novoseek, and Drugs according to
DrugBank,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or
PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news
search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section
|
 Browse Tocris compounds for TAS2R31
8 BitterDB Bitter Compounds for TAS2R31
| Compound | SMILES |
CAS
# |
|---|
| acesulfame K | [K+].CC1=CC(=NS(=O)(=O)O1)[O-] | -- | | aloin | OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O)[C@@H]2c3cccc(O)c3C(=O)c4c(O)cc(CO)cc24 | 8015-61-0 | | Aristolochic acid | COc1cccc2c1cc(c3c(cc4OCOc4c23)C(=O)O)[N+](=O)[O-] | -- | | diphenidol | OC(CCCN1CCCCC1)(c2ccccc2)c3ccccc3 | -- | | famotidine | NC(=Nc1nc(CSCCC(=NS(=O)(=O)N)N)cs1)N | -- | | Parthenolide | CC1=C/CC[C@@]2(C)O[C@H]2[C@H]3OC(=O)C(=C)[C@@H]3CC1 | -- | | Quinine | COc1ccc2nccc([C@@H](O)[C@@H]3CC4CCN3C[C@@H]4C=C)c2c1 | -- | | saccharin | O=C1NS(=O)(=O)c2ccccc12 | 81-07-2 |
About this table
Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about TAS2R31 / T2R31
|
Transcripts
for TAS2R31 gene(Secondary structures according to
fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene
(Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or
AceView,
transcript ids from Ensembl
with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc,
alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or
ECgene,
RNAi Products from
EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from
OriGene,
QIAGEN,
shRNA from
OriGene,
microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from
OriGene,
SwitchGear Genomics,
GenScript,
DNA2.0,
Vector BioLabs,
Primers from
OriGene,
SABiosciences, and/or
QIAGEN
)
About This Section
|
REFSEQ mRNAs for TAS2R31 gene: NM_176885.2 Unigene Cluster for TAS2R31: Taste receptor, type 2, member 31 Hs.688197 Unigene Representative Sequence: BC1174211 Ensembl transcript including schematic representation, and UCSC links where relevant: ENST00000390675(uc001qzo.1)
Clone
Products: | | OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TAS2R31
OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TAS2R31
OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis,
variant library, vector shuttling
| | | GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: TAS2R31 (NM_176885) | | | DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene
Synthesis Service for TAS2R31 | | | Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat TAS2R31 |
Additional cDNA sequence: BC117421.1 1 DOTS entry: DT.100736827 1 AceView cDNA sequence: NM_176885
GeneLoc Exon Structure
|
Expression
for TAS2R31 gene
(RNA expression data according to
H-InvDB,
NONCODE,
miRBase, and
RNAdb,
Expression images according to data from
BioGPS,
Illumina Human BodyMap, and
CGAP
SAGE,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks,
in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™,
plus additional links to
Genevestigator, and/or
SOURCE, and/or
BioGPS, and/or
UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from
SABiosciences,
Primers from
OriGene,
SABiosciences, and/or
QIAGEN,
In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section
| TAS2R31 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: AGAGGGGCAT
About this image
See TAS2R31 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.688197
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: T2R31_HUMAN, P59538Tissue specificity: Expressed in subsets of taste receptor cells of the tongue and exclusively in gustducin-positivecells
SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for TAS2R31
Primer
Products: | | OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for TAS2R31
Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
| | | SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat TAS2R31 | | | QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat TAS2R31 | | | QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat TAS2R31 |
Orthologs
for TAS2R31 gene
(Orthologs according to
1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version),
3euGenes,
4SGD
,
5MGI Mar 06 2013,
with possible further links to
Flybase
and/or
WormBase,
and/or
6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara ,
Gene Trees according to Ensembl and
TreeFam)
About This Section
|
This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.
Orthologs for TAS2R31 gene from 2/6 species (see all 6) About this table
ENSEMBL Gene Tree for TAS2R31 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for TAS2R31 (if available) |
Paralogs
for TAS2R31 gene(Paralogs according to
1HomoloGene,
2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section
| Paralogs for TAS2R31 gene
- TAS2R52 TAS2R412 TAS2R462 TAS2R162 TAS2R32 TAS2R142 TAS2R432 TAS2R392
- TAS2R382 TAS2R422 TAS2R92 TAS2R42 TAS2R302 TAS2R12 TAS2R192 TAS2R72
- TAS2R202 TAS2R82 TAS2R132 TAS2R402 TAS2R102 TAS2R502 TAS2R602
18/48 SIMAP similar genes for TAS2R31 using alignment to 1 protein entry: T2R31_HUMAN(see all similar genes):Hosa(Biaka)-T2R43 TAS2R43 Hosa(Adygei)-T2R46 Hosa(Biaka)-T2R46 Hosa(Japanese)-T2R45 TAS2R45
TAS2R46 Hosa(Biaka)-T2R47 TAS2R30 Hosa(Adygei)-T2R50 Hosa(Biaka)-T2R48 Hosa(Japanese)-T2R48
Hosa(Biaka)-T2R50 Hosa(Japanese)-T2R50 TAS2R19 TAS2R50 Hosa(Biaka)-T2R49 Hosa(Adygei)-T2R49
TAS2R31 for paralogs About GeneDecksing
|
Genomic Variants
for TAS2R31 gene(SNPs/Variants according to the
1NCBI SNP Database,
2Ensembl,
3PupaSUITE,
UniProtKB, and
DNA2.0,
Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap,
Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene
Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation
Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT,
Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN,
Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section
|
| Genomic Data | Transcription Related Data | Allele Frequencies | | SNP ID | Valid | Clinical
significance | Chr 12 pos | Sequence | # | AA
Chg | Type | More | # | Allele
freq | Pop | Total
sample | More |
|---|
HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for TAS2R31 (11182986 - 11184006 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 5 variations for TAS2R31
5 CNVs: 22928 3875 31858 71468 4769
Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): TAS2R31
| SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays |
|
Disorders
/ Diseases
for TAS2R31 gene
(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards,
OMIM, UniProtKB,
the University of Copenhagen DISEASES
database,
Genatlas, GeneTests,
GAD,
HuGE Navigator,
and/or TGDB.)
About This Section
|
 TAS2R31 for disorders About MalaCards
TAS2R31 for disorders About GeneDecksing
OMIM gene information: 612669
OMIM disorders: --
Export disorders for TAS2R31 gene to outside databases
|
Publications
for TAS2R31 gene (in
PubMed.
Associations of this gene to articles via
1Entrez Gene,
2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot,
3HGNC,
4GAD,
5PharmGKB,
6HMDB,
7DrugBank,
8UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
9 Novoseek, and/or
10fRNAdb)
About This Section
|
PubMed articles for TAS2R31 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 13):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with TAS2R31) | |  | Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information |
- Evolution of bitter taste receptors in humans and apes. (PubMed id 15496549)1, 2 Fischer A.... Paeaebo S. (2005)
- Bitter taste receptors for saccharin and acesulfame K. (PubMed id 15537898)1, 2 Kuhn C.... Meyerhof W. (2004)
- The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
- Coding of sweet, bitter, and umami tastes: different receptor cells sharing similar signaling pathways. (PubMed id 12581520)1, 2 Zhang Y.... Ryba N.J. (2003)
- Identification and characterization of human taste receptor genes belonging to the TAS2R family. (PubMed id 12584440)1, 2 Conte C.... Andres-Barquin P.J. (2002)
- The human TAS2R16 receptor mediates bitter taste in response to beta- glucopyranosides. (PubMed id 12379855)1, 2 Bufe B.... Meyerhof W. (2002)
- Molecular mechanisms of bitter and sweet taste transduction. (PubMed id 11696554)1, 2 Margolskee R.F. (2002)
- Receptors for bitter and sweet taste. (PubMed id 12139982)1, 2 Montmayeur J.-P. and Matsunami H. (2002)
- Genomic, genetic and functional dissection of bitter taste responses to artificial sweeteners. (PubMed id 21672920)1 Roudnitzky N....Wooding S.P. (2011)
- Specific alleles of bitter receptor genes influence human sensitivity to the bitterness of aloin and saccharin. (PubMed id 17702579)1 Pronin A.N....Li X. (2007)
|
External Searches for TAS2R31 gene
(in PubMed,
OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section
|
|
Genome Databases showing TAS2R31 gene
(According to
Entrez Gene,
HGNC,
AceView,
euGenes,
Ensembl,
miRBase,
ECgene,
Kegg,
and/or
H-InvDB)
About This Section
|
|
Other Databases showing TAS2R31 gene
(According to HUGE)
About This Section
| -- |
Specialized Databases showing TAS2R31 gene(According to PharmGKB,
ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section
|
| Name | Description |
| PharmGKB entry for TAS2R31 | Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways |
|
| | |
About This Section
| Patent Information for TAS2R31 gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving TAS2R31
GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search
|
Products
for TAS2R31 gene(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript and LifeMap BioReagents, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or
Enzo Life Sciences),
In Situ Hybridization Assays from
Advanced Cell Diagnostics
About This Section
|
 | |
 | |
 |
| | |  | Browse OriGene Antibodies | | OriGene shRNA RFP for TAS2R31 | | | OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for TAS2R31 | | OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for TAS2R31 | | | OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate for TAS2R31 | | Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits | | | OriGene siRNA for TAS2R31 | | Browse 3'-UTR reporter clones for miRNA target validation | | | OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TAS2R31 | | OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for TAS2R31 | | | Browse OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector | | Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids | | | Browse OriGene basic RS shRNAs | | Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs | | | Browse OriGene full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells | | OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis,
variant library, vector shuttling | | | OriGene Custom Antibody Services for TAS2R31 | | OriGene Custom Protein Services for TAS2R31 | | | OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development | | |
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| | | QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of in human, mouse, rat TAS2R31 | | | Search QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing TAS2R31 | | | QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat TAS2R31 | | | QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat TAS2R31 | | | QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat TAS2R31 | | | QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat TAS2R31 |
| |
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| |  |  |  |  | | | | |
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 | | | TAS2R31 Proteins, Antibodies, CLIAs, and ELISAs |
| | | |  |  |  | | | | ThermoFisher Antibodies for TAS2R31 |
| | | Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat TAS2R31 |
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