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TAC4 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 50
GCID: GC17M047915

Tachykinin 4 (Hemokinin)

See TAC4-related disease
at

MalaCards

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, ¹⁰fRNAdb, ¹²H-InvDB, ¹³NCBI, ¹⁴NONCODE, and/or ¹⁵RNAdb)
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Aliases
Tachykinin 4 (Hemokinin)¹ ²		preprotachykinin-C²
PPT-C² ³		tachykinin-4²
HK1² ⁵		Preprotachykinin-C³
EK²		PPTC⁵
HK-1²		RAC4⁵
endokinin²

External Ids:	HGNC: 16641¹	Entrez Gene: 255061²	Ensembl: ENSG00000176358⁷	OMIM: 607833⁵	UniProtKB: Q86UU9³

Export aliases for TAC4 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC17M050394 GC17M048263 GC17M048390 GC17M045270 GC17M043280

(According to Entrez Gene, GeneCards, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
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Entrez Gene summary for TAC4 Gene:

This gene is a member of the tachykinin family of neurotransmitter-encoding genes. Tachykinin proteins are cleaved

into small, secreted peptides that activate members of a family of receptor proteins. The products of this gene

preferentially activate tachykinin receptor 1, and are thought to regulate peripheral endocrine and paracrine

functions including blood pressure, the immune system, and endocrine gland secretion. The products of this gene

lack a dibasic cleavage site found in other tachykinin proteins. Consequently, the nature of the cleavage

products generated in vivo remains to be determined. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms

have been found for this gene. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

GeneCards Summary for TAC4 Gene:

TAC4 (tachykinin 4 (hemokinin)) is a protein-coding gene. Diseases associated with TAC4 include shipyard eye. GO annotations related to this gene include receptor binding.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TKN4_HUMAN, Q86UU9

Function: Tachykinins are active peptides which excite neurons, evoke behavioral responses, are potent

vasodilators and secretagogues, and contract (directly or indirectly) many smooth muscles. Endokinin-A induces

thermal hyperalgesia and pain-related behavior such as scratching following intrathecal administration in rats.

These effects are suppressed by treatment with endokinin-C. Endokinin-A/B reduces arterial blood pressure and

increases sperm motility

summary for TAC4 Gene:

Mitochondrial Hexokinases catalyze the first essential step of glucose metabolism, the conversion of glucose

into glucose-6-phosphate. This directly couples extramitochondrial glycolysis to intramitochondrial

oxidative phosphorylation. There are two subtypes of mitochondrial hexokinases, HK1 and HK2, each of which

has four isozymes designated hexokinase I, II, III and IV. HK1 and HK2 are both localized to the outer

mitochondrial membrane, with HK1 being found in nervous tissue and HK2 in insulin-responsive tissues such as

skeletal muscle. Activation of mitochondrial hexokinases is regulated by Akt/PKB-mediated phosphorylation

and they are subject to inhibiton by their end product, glucose-6-phosphate. In addition to glucose

metabolism, mitochondrial hexokinases have been implicated in antiapoptotic and cell survival signaling.

Gene Wiki entry for TAC4 Gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 75), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
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RefSeq DNA sequence at NCBI GenBank:

NC_000017.10 NT_010783.16 NC_018928.2

Regulatory elements:

Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the TAC4 gene promoter:
Egr-3 AREB6 S8 AML1a Sp1 HTF RSRFC4
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: TAC4 promoter sequence

Search Chromatin IP Primers for TAC4

Epigenetics:

DNA Methylation CpG Assay Predesigned for Pyrosequencing in human, mouse, rat TAC4

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 17q21.33 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 17q21.33 HGNC cytogenetic band: 17q21.33

TAC4 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
TAC4 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 17 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC17M047915: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	47,915,671 bp from pter	End:	47,925,379 bp from pter
Size:	9,709 bases	Orientation:	minus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, ²neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, Cloud-Clone Corp., eBioscience, and/or antibodies-online,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, Cloud-Clone Corp., eBioscience, and/or antibodies-online, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, Cloud-Clone Corp, antibodies-online, and/or others.)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TKN4_HUMAN, Q86UU9 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Tachykinin-4 precursor

Size: 113 amino acids; 12305 Da

Sequence caution: Sequence=AAI00841.1; Type=Miscellaneous discrepancy; Note=Intron retention; Sequence=AAI00843.1;

Type=Miscellaneous discrepancy; Note=Intron retention; Sequence=AAI00844.1; Type=Miscellaneous discrepancy;

Note=Intron retention; Sequence=AAN77128.1; Type=Miscellaneous discrepancy; Note=Intron retention;

Sequence=EAW94657.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction;

Secondary accessions: Q2M2P1 Q6ECK8 Q86UU6 Q86UU7 Q86UU8 Q8IWZ7

Alternative splicing: 5 isoforms: Q86UU9-1 Q86UU9-2 Q86UU9-3 Q86UU9-4 Q86UU9-5

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for TAC4: NX_Q86UU9

Explore proteomics data for TAC4 at MOPED

See TAC4 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED, PaxDB, and MaxQB

REFSEQ proteins (5 alternative transcripts):

NP_001070971.1 NP_001070972.1 NP_001070973.1 NP_001070974.1 NP_733786.2

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000340461 ENSP00000334042 ENSP00000381221 ENSP00000399702 ENSP00000325286

ENSP00000421777

TAC4 Human Recombinant Protein Products:

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(According to HGNC, IUPHAR, InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
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HGNC Gene Families:

ENDOLIG: Endogenous ligands

1 InterPro protein domain:

IPR013055 Tachy_Neuro_lke_CS

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q86UU9

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q86UU9

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TKN4_HUMAN, Q86UU9

Similarity: Belongs to the tachykinin family

Find genes that share domains with TAC4 About GenesLikeMe

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, genOway,
transcription factor targeting from QIAGEN and/or HOMER, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, SwitchGear Genomics, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs and/or Addgene, Cell Lines from GenScript, ESI BIO, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Flow cytometry from eBioscience, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene.)
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Molecular Function:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: TKN4_HUMAN, Q86UU9

Function: Tachykinins are active peptides which excite neurons, evoke behavioral responses, are potent

vasodilators and secretagogues, and contract (directly or indirectly) many smooth muscles. Endokinin-A induces

thermal hyperalgesia and pain-related behavior such as scratching following intrathecal administration in rats.

These effects are suppressed by treatment with endokinin-C. Endokinin-A/B reduces arterial blood pressure and

increases sperm motility

Gene Ontology (GO): 1 molecular function term: About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005102	receptor binding	IEA	--

Find genes that share ontologies with TAC4 About GenesLikeMe

Phenotypes:
2 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 1 allele) (MGI details for Tac4):

hematopoietic system

immune system

Find genes that share phenotypes with TAC4 About GenesLikeMe

Animal Models:
MGI mouse knock-out Tac4^tm1Albe for TAC4

genOway: Develop your customized and physiologically relevant rodent model for TAC4

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In Situ Assay
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(According to UniProtKB, COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization database, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene.)
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Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

TKN4_HUMAN, Q86UU9: Secreted (Probable)

Subcellular locations from COMPARTMENTS:

Compartment	Confidence
extracellular	4
mitochondrion	1

About this image

Gene Ontology (GO): 1 cellular component term: About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005576	extracellular region	IEA	--

Find genes that share ontologies with TAC4 About GenesLikeMe

(SuperPaths according to PathCards, Pathways according to R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Sino Biological, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to QIAGEN, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene).
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SuperPaths for TAC4 About

See pathways by source

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SuperPath

Contained pathways About

Peptide ligand-binding receptors

Peptide GPCRs

0.32

1 BioSystems Pathway for TAC4

Peptide GPCRs

Custom Pathway & Disease-focused RT² Profiler PCR Arrays for TAC4
Interactions:

Search GeneGlobe Interaction Network for TAC4

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 4 interactants - click image to see more details)

4 Interacting proteins for TAC4 (Q86UU9³ ENSP00000334042⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
TACR2	P21452³, ENSP00000362403⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000362403
TAC1	P20366³, ENSP00000321106⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000321106
TACR1	P25103³, ENSP00000303522⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000303522
TACR3	P29371³, ENSP00000303325⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000303325

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Gene Ontology (GO): 3 biological process terms: About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0007217	tachykinin receptor signaling pathway	IEA	--
GO:0008217	regulation of blood pressure	IEA	--
GO:0046878	positive regulation of saliva secretion	IEA	--

Find genes that share ontologies with TAC4 About GenesLikeMe

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, ApexBio, HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, Ligands according to IUPHAR, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB)
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Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse compounds at ApexBio

Compounds for TAC4 available from Tocris Bioscience About this table

Compound	Action	CAS #
2-Deoxy-D-glucose	Non-metabolizable glucose analog; hexokinase substrate	[154-17-6]
Lonidamine	Mitochondrial hexokinase inhibitor	[50264-69-2]

1 Novoseek inferred chemical compound relationship for TAC4 gene About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
calcium	0	2	15913794 (1), 12842130 (1)

Find genes that share compounds with TAC4 About GenesLikeMe

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 236 Homo sapiens; Apr 25 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN, SwitchGear Genomics,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, and/or Addgene, Primers from OriGene, and/or QIAGEN, Flow cytometry from eBioscience )
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REFSEQ mRNAs for TAC4 gene (5 alternative transcripts):

NM_001077503.1 NM_001077504.1 NM_001077505.1 NM_001077506.1 NM_170685.2

Unigene Cluster for TAC4:

Tachykinin 4 (hemokinin)

Hs.652130 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: AF515828

8 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000352793(uc002ips.1 uc002ipt.3) ENST00000334568(uc002ipo.1 uc002ipu.3)

ENST00000398154(uc002ipr.1) ENST00000436235(uc002ipp.1) ENST00000326219(uc002ipq.1)

ENST00000608861 ENST00000608380 ENST00000503603

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Additional mRNA sequence:

AF515828.1 AF515829.1 AF515830.1 AF515831.1 AY471574.1 BC100840.2 BC100841.1 BC100842.2

BC100843.2

6 DOTS entries:

DT.100746269 DT.100001553 DT.100746267 DT.101969251 DT.120919236 DT.91989114

10 AceView cDNA sequences:

AY471574 AF515829 NM_170685 AF515828 AF515830 AF521560 AF515831 BF837128

BF840399 BF840431

GeneLoc Exon Structure

4 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for TAC4 About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	^	2	^	3	^	4	^	5
SP1:			-
SP2:
SP3:			-				-
SP4:			-				-		-

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for TAC4

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE ¹MOPED, ²PaxDb, and ³MaxQB, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from QIAGEN, Primers from OriGene, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
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TAC4 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS <intensity>^2/3
CGAP TAG: GGGAAGCGAG

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TAC4 Protein expression data from MOPED¹, PaxDb² and MaxQB³:

About this image

TAC4 Protein Expression

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.652130

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: TKN4_HUMAN, Q86UU9

Tissue specificity: Expressed at low levels in the uterus of both pregnant and non-pregnant women. Isoform 1 is

found only in the adrenal gland and fetal liver. Isoform 2 is found in heart, liver, bone marrow, prostate,

adrenal gland and testis. Isoform 3 and isoform 4 are expressed predominantly in adrenal gland and placenta

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In Situ
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(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
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This gene was present in the common ancestor of human and mouse.

Orthologs for TAC4 gene from Selected species (see all 3) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
mouse (Mus musculus)	Mammalia	Tac4⁵	tachykinin 4	--		11 (59.01 cM) 95261529

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for TAC4 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for TAC4 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
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(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, ⁴UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD), the Human Cytochrome P450 Allele Nomenclature Database, and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays, and Copy Number PCR Arrays from QIAGEN)
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SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 17 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs66939209^1,2	C	--	43285888(+)	`GTGCT-/CCCCAT`	5	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs11297059^1,2	C	--	43288650(+)	`CCTCA-/TTTTTT`	5	--	int¹ trp³		2		NA CSA	4
rs138190226^1,2		--	48928735(+)	`GGCTTC/TAGAGG`	5	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs149746417^1,2	C	--	48928952(+)	`GTGAG-/GCCGCCAC`	5	--	cds¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs115070295^1,2	C	--	48928974(+)	`CAGAGC/GCCAGG`	5	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs181467892^1,2		--	48929065(+)	`CACAGG/TATACA`	5	--	ut3¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs186504023^1,2		--	48929152(+)	`TGCTAC/TGGCGA`	5	--	ut3¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs190924263^1,2	C	--	48929310(+)	`ATCCAC/GGTAGG`	5	--	ut3¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs61625769^1,2	C,F	--	48929315(+)	`GGTAGG/CAAGAA`	5	--	ut3¹		1		EA	120
rs200784490^1,2		--	48929322(+)	`AGAAGC/TGGCAC`	5	--	ut3¹		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for TAC4 (47915671 - 47925379 bp)

Structural Variations
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) 4 variations for TAC4: About this table

Variant ID	Type	Subtype	PubMed ID
nsv821118	CNV	Duplication	20802225
esv25474	CNV	Loss	19812545
nsv819145	CNV	Loss	19587683
nsv828037	CNV	Gain	20364138

Site Specific Mutation Identification with PCR Assays

SeqTarget long-range PCR primers for resequencing TAC4

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for TAC4

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
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OMIM gene information: 607833 OMIM disorders: --

1 disease for TAC4:
About MalaCards

shipyard eye

1 inferred disease relationship from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for TAC4:

Shipyard eye

Find genes that share disorders with TAC4 About GenesLikeMe

Genetic Association Database (GAD): TAC4
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: TAC4 (2 documents)

Export disorders for TAC4 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
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PubMed articles for TAC4 gene, integrated from 10 sources (see all 28):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with TAC4)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Identification, localization and receptor characterization of novel mammalian substance P-like peptides. (PubMed id 12383518)^{1, 2, 3, 9} Kurtz M.M.... Liu Q. (Gene 2002)
The neuropeptide genes TAC1, TAC3, TAC4, VIP and PACAP(ADCYAP1), and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. (PubMed id 17175032)^{1, 4, 9} Cunningham S....Vandenbroeck K. (J. Neuroimmunol. 2007)
Common variants of the neuropeptide expressing tachykinin genes and susceptibility to asthma: a case-control study. (PubMed id 20580442)^{1, 4} Klassert T.E....HernA!ndez M. (J. Neuroimmunol. 2010)
Characterization of the endokinins: human tachykinins with cardiovascular activity. (PubMed id 12716968)^{1, 2} Page N.M.... Lowry P.J. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2003)
Hemokinin is a hematopoietic-specific tachykinin that regulates B lymphopoiesis. (PubMed id 11062498)^{1, 3} Zhang Y....Paige C.J. (Nat. Immunol. 2000)
Regulatory mechanisms in the differential expression of Hemokinin-1. (PubMed id 19081134)^{1, 9} Tran A.H....Paige C.J. (Neuropeptides 2009)
Leucine at the carboxyl-terminal of endokinins C and D contributes to elicitation of the antagonistic effect on substance P in rat pain processing. (PubMed id 17655832)^{2, 9} Naono R.... Nishimori T. (Brain Res. 2007)
Hemokinins and endokinins. (PubMed id 15224188)^{1, 9} Page N.M. (Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2004)
A role for tachykinins in the regulation of human sperm motility. (PubMed id 17437961)^{2, 9} Ravina C.G.... Candenas M.L. (Hum. Reprod. 2007)
Characterization of the gene structures, precursor processing and pharmacology of the endokinin peptides. (PubMed id 16931167)^{1, 9} Page N.M. (Vascul. Pharmacol. 2006)

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		AND	OR
Aliases
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 255061	HGNC: 16641	AceView: TAC4	Ensembl:ENSG00000176358	euGenes: HUgn255061
ECgene: TAC4	H-InvDB: TAC4

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL, and/or others, e.g. Wikipedia and GeneReviews, via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for TAC4	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

Intellectual Property for TAC4 gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for TAC4 gene:
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Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Cloud-Clone Corp., Thermo Fisher Scientific, eBioscience, antibodies-online, and/or others, Gene Editing from DNA2.0. Clones from OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Addgene, Cell lines from GenScript, and ESI BIO, Flow cytometery from eBioscience, PCR Arrays from QIAGEN, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or ApexBio, In Situ Hybridization Assays from
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