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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

SYNE3 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 43
GCID: GC14M095884

spectrin repeat containing, nuclear envelope family member...

(Previous name: chromosome 14 open reading frame 49 )
(Previous symbol: C14orf49)
  Search for SYNE3
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Biological research products
for SYNE3    

Aliases
for SYNE3 gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
Spectrin Repeat Containing, Nuclear Envelope Family Member 31 2     FLJ256051
C14orf491 2 3 5     Nesprin-31
NET531 2     Chromosome 14 Open Reading Frame 491
Nesp31 2     Nesprin-31
Nuclear Envelope Spectrin Repeat Protein 32 3     

External Ids:    HGNC: 198611   Entrez Gene: 1611762   Ensembl: ENSG000001764387   OMIM: 6108615   UniProtKB: Q6ZMZ33   

Export aliases for SYNE3 gene to outside databases


Summaries
for SYNE3 gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYNE3_HUMAN, Q6ZMZ3
Function: Component of SUN-protein-containing multivariate complexes also called LINC complexes which link the
nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton by providing versatile outer nuclear membrane attachment sites for cytoskeletal
filaments. Involved in the maintenance of nuclear organization and structural integrity. Probable anchoring protein
which tethers the nucleus to the cytoskeleton by binding PLEC which can associate with the intermediate filament
system. Plays a role in the regulation of aortic epithelial cell morphology, and is required for flow-induced
centrosome polarization and directional migration in aortic endothelial cells




Genomic Views
for SYNE3 gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000014.8  NC_018925.1  NT_026437.12  
Regulatory elements:
   Search SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites for SYNE3
         Other transcription factors

Browse SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for SYNE3

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat SYNE3


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 14q32.13   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  14q32.13   HGNC cytogenetic band: 14q32.13

SYNE3 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
SYNE3 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 14         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC14M095884:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 95,883,831 bp from pter      End:
 95,942,173 bp from pter
Size:
 58,343 bases      Orientation:
 minus strand

Proteins
for SYNE3 gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYNE3_HUMAN, Q6ZMZ3 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Nesprin-3  
Size: 975 amino acids; 112216 Da
Subunit: Component of LINC complexes composed of SUN domain-containing proteins SUN1 or SUN2 coupled to KASH
domain-containing proteins (SYNE1, SYNE2 or SYNE3), also called nesprins. Interacts with PLEC (via actin-binding
domain). Interacts with DST (By similarity). Interacts with SYNE1 via spectrin repeats
Subcellular location: Nucleus outer membrane; Single-pass type IV membrane protein. Nucleus envelope. Note=Localized
uniformly throughout the nuclear envilope in aortic endothelial cells. Located at the rough reticulum endoplasmic
(RER) in some cells
Sequence caution: Sequence=BAC05312.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended;
Sequence=BAD18582.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended; Sequence=CAD62365.1;
Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally shortened;
Secondary accessions: A6H8H3 Q86SX5 Q8N7G8
Alternative splicing: 3 isoforms:  Q6ZMZ3-1   Q6ZMZ3-2   Q6ZMZ3-3   (No experimental confirmation available)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for SYNE3: NX_Q6ZMZ3

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q6ZMZ3

    • SYNE3 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins: NP_689805.3  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000452154   ENSP00000450562   ENSP00000334308   ENSP00000450774  

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    Uscn Proteins for SYNE3

    Gene Ontology (GO): 4 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005635nuclear envelope IDA--
    GO:0005640nuclear outer membrane IEA--
    GO:0016021integral to membrane IEA--
    GO:0034993SUN-KASH complex IDA18396275


    SYNE3 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for SYNE3

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for SYNE3 gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    SYNE3 for domains           About GeneDecksing

    3 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR002017 Spectrin_repeat
     IPR012315 KASH
     IPR018159 Spectrin/alpha-actinin

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q6ZMZ3

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q6ZMZ3

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYNE3_HUMAN, Q6ZMZ3
    Domain: The KASH domain is involved in the binding to SUN1 and SUN2 through recognition of their SUN domains
    Similarity: Belongs to the nesprin family
    Similarity: Contains 1 KASH domain
    Similarity: Contains 2 spectrin repeats


    Function
    for SYNE3 gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYNE3_HUMAN, Q6ZMZ3
    Function: Component of SUN-protein-containing multivariate complexes also called LINC complexes which link the
    nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton by providing versatile outer nuclear membrane attachment sites for cytoskeletal
    filaments. Involved in the maintenance of nuclear organization and structural integrity. Probable anchoring protein
    which tethers the nucleus to the cytoskeleton by binding PLEC which can associate with the intermediate filament
    system. Plays a role in the regulation of aortic epithelial cell morphology, and is required for flow-induced
    centrosome polarization and directional migration in aortic endothelial cells

    miRNA
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    Gene Editing
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    Clone
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    In Situ Assay
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    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0003779actin binding IEA--
    GO:0005515protein binding IPI--


    SYNE3 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Pathways & Interactions
    for SYNE3 gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section



    Interactions:

        Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for SYNE3

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see more details)

    5/6 Interacting proteins for SYNE3 (Q6ZMZ33 ENSP000003343084) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 6)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    NFKBIAP259633I2D: score=2 
    SUN1ENSP000003840154STRING: ENSP00000384015
    SUN2ENSP000002160644STRING: ENSP00000216064
    SYNE1ENSP000002653684STRING: ENSP00000265368
    SYNE2ENSP000003507194STRING: ENSP00000350719
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 3 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0007010cytoskeleton organization IMP--
    GO:0008360regulation of cell shape IMP--
    GO:0090286cytoskeletal anchoring at nuclear membrane IDA18396275


    SYNE3 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for SYNE3 gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section
    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for SYNE3
    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about SYNE3 

    Transcripts
    for SYNE3 gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for SYNE3 gene: 
    NM_152592.3  

    Unigene Cluster for SYNE3:

    Spectrin repeat containing, nuclear envelope family member 3
    Hs.354645  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_152592
    5 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000554873 ENST00000557275(uc001yei.4 uc010avi.3) ENST00000334258
    ENST00000555759 ENST00000553340(uc001yej.1)

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    Inhib. RNA
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    Clone
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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AK098471.1 AK131436.1 BC146604.1 BX248076.1 

    5 DOTS entries:

    DT.91661516  DT.100694226  DT.101955820  DT.40255752  DT.99998396 

    22 AceView cDNA sequences:

    BX648302 NM_152592 BX248076 BU149123 BC061899 BU149126 AK131436 BE675758 
    BG111076 BX346277 BX325281 BX342493 CF137662 BG236336 AK098471 BM701154 
    AI648447 BF895767 BM715624 BQ358200 AA494024 BI829473 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    3 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for SYNE3    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5 ^ 6a · 6b ^ 7 ^ 8 ^ 9 ^ 10 ^ 11 ^ 12 ^ 13 ^ 14a · 14b ^ 15 ^ 16
    SP1:                                                                                      -                     
    SP2:                                                                                                            
    SP3:                                                                                                            


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for SYNE3

    Expression
    for SYNE3 gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section
    		 See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    CGAP TAG: --


    SYNE3 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    1 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartment/Cell 
    Tissue Anatomical Compartment CellCategory (developmental path)
    Yolk SacDefinitive Yolk SacDefinitive Hematopoietic Stem CellsBlood
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization

    See SYNE3 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for SYNE3

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.354645

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYNE3_HUMAN, Q6ZMZ3
    Tissue specificity: Expressed in aortic endothelial cells (at protein level)

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    In Situ
    Assay Products:     
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    Orthologs
    for SYNE3 gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

    Orthologs for SYNE3 gene from 5/11 species (see all 11)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)    		 Mammalia Syne31 , 5 RIKEN cDNA 4831426I19 gene5
    spectrin repeat containing, nuclear envelope family more1    		 80.99(n)1
    77.7(a)1    		   12 (54.97 cM)5
    2120731  NM_001042699.11  NP_001036164.11 
     1049299495 
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves C5H14orf491 chromosome 5 open reading frame, human C14orf49 62.1(n)
    54.69(a)    		   423439  XM_421348.3  XP_421348.3 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia C14orf496
    		 --
    		 51(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 1(7143731-7194743)
    African clawed frog
    (Xenopus laevis)    		 Amphibia Xl.296462 Xenopus laevis transcribed sequence 74.88(n)    CF271792.1 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii zgc:1583271 zgc:158327 52.3(n)
    39.63(a)    		   100009645  NM_001083014.1  NP_001076483.1 


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for SYNE3 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for SYNE3 (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for SYNE3 gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    		  --

    Genomic Variants
    for SYNE3 gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/1521 NCBI SNPs in SYNE3 are shown (see all 1521)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 14 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs1122126981,2
    		--76111454(+) AAATTT/CAAAGA 1 -- ds50012Minor allele frequency- C:0.03CSA WA 120
    rs783227881,2
    		F,--76111630(+) ACAACA/GACAAA 1 -- ds50012Minor allele frequency- G:0.05WA NA 238
    rs116209041,2
    		C,H--76111885(+) tttttG/Tttttt 1 -- ut31 trp30--------
    rs1120110061,2
    		--76112055(+) TATAGT/AAACTG 1 -- ut311Minor allele frequency- A:0.50CSA 2
    rs93239261,2
    		C,F,A,H,--76112197(+) GGGGCT/CTCGGC 1 -- ut3111Minor allele frequency- C:0.17NS EA NA WA CSA 688
    rs1134641721,2
    		--76112340(+) TGCTGG/AGCCCC 1 -- ut312Minor allele frequency- A:0.04CSA WA 120
    rs455348381,2
    		F,--76112375(+) CAGCCG/AGGAGT 1 -- ut311Minor allele frequency- A:0.07WA 118
    rs15351881,2
    		C,F,O,A,H,--76112587(-) CACCCC/TGTCAT 1 -- ut3121Minor allele frequency- T:0.21MN NS EA NA WA CSA 2378
    rs19561211,2
    		C,F,O,H,--76112630(-) AATTGC/GTGGGT 1 -- ut3110Minor allele frequency- G:0.02NA NS EA 686
    rs170923931,2
    		C,F,--76112636(+) CAATTA/GCACCA 1 -- ut313Minor allele frequency- G:0.04NA 140

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for SYNE3 (95883831 - 95942173 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
          Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for SYNE3: --

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    QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing SYNE3
    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for SYNE3

    Disorders / Diseases
    for SYNE3 gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    SYNE3 for disorders           About MalaCards

    SYNE3 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 610861    OMIM disorders: --


    Export disorders for SYNE3 gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for SYNE3 gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for SYNE3 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 13):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with SYNE3)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Nesprin-3, a novel outer nuclear membrane protein, associates with the cytoskeletal linker protein plectin. (PubMed id 16330710)1, 2, 9 Wilhelmsen K.... Sonnenberg A. (2005)
    2. Nesprin-3 regulates endothelial cell morphology, perin uclear cytoskeletal architecture, and flow-induced polarization. (PubMed id 21937718)1, 2 Morgan J.T....Barakat A.I. (2011)
    3. Structural requirements for the assembly of LINC complexes and their function in cellular mechanical stiffness. (PubMed id 18396275)1, 2 Stewart-Hutchinson P.J.... Hodzic D. (2008)
    4. Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)1, 2 Ota T.... Sugano S. (2004)
    5. The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14. (PubMed id 12508121)1, 2 Heilig R.... Weissenbach J. (2003)
    6. TorsinA binds the KASH domain of nesprins and participates in linkage between nuclear envelope and cytoskeleton. (PubMed id 18827015)1, 9 Nery F.C....Breakefield X.O. (2008)
    7. Cytoskeletal interactions at the nuclear envelope mediated by nesprins. (PubMed id 22518138)2 Taranum S.... Noegel A.A. (2012)
    8. Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis. (PubMed id 20068231)2 Olsen J.V....Mann M. (2010)
    9. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    10. Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. (PubMed id 12477932)1 Strausberg R.L....Marra M.A. (2002)

    External Searches for SYNE3 gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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    Genome Databases showing SYNE3 gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 161176 HGNC: 19861 AceView: C14orf49 Ensembl:ENSG00000176438 euGenes: HUgn161176
    ECgene: SYNE3 H-InvDB: SYNE3

    Other Databases showing SYNE3 gene

    (According to HUGE)
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    Specialized Databases showing SYNE3 gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for SYNE3 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

    Intellectual Property
    for SYNE3 gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
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    		Patent Information for SYNE3 gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving SYNE3

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