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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

STON2 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 49
GCID: GC14M081736

stonin 2

 Explore 1 disease affiliated with
STON2 via our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for STON2
    

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Stonin 21 2     Homolog Of Stoned B2
STN21 2 3     Stoned B Homolog 22
STNB21 2     Stonin-21
STNB2 3     Stoned B3

External Ids:    HGNC: 306521   Entrez Gene: 854392   Ensembl: ENSG000001400227   OMIM: 6084675   UniProtKB: Q8WXE93   

Export aliases for STON2 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC14M080807 GC14M061904


(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for STON2:
This gene encodes a protein which is a membrane protein involved in regulating endocytotic complexes. The protein
product is described as one of the clathrin-associated sorting proteins, adaptor molecules which ensure specific
proteins are internalized. The encoded protein has also been shown to participate in synaptic vesicle recycling
through interaction with synaptotagmin 1 required for neurotransmission. Multiple transcript variants encoding
different isoforms have been found for this gene. (provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: STON2_HUMAN, Q8WXE9
Function: Adapter protein involved in endocytic machinery. May be involved in the vesicle recycling. May facilitate
clathrin-coated vesicle uncoating




(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000014.8  NC_018925.1  NT_026437.12  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the STON2 gene promoter:
         POU2F2 (Oct-2.1)   Oct-B1   oct-B3   oct-B2   Arnt   POU2F2   POU2F2C   POU2F1   POU2F1a   POU2F2B   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmidSTON2 promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for STON2

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat STON2


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 14q31.1   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  14q31.1   HGNC cytogenetic band: 14q31.1

STON2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
STON2 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 14         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC14M081736:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
81,727,000 bp from pter      End:
81,902,809 bp from pter
Size:
175,810 bases      Orientation:
minus strand

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: STON2_HUMAN, Q8WXE9 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Stonin-2  
Size: 905 amino acids; 101165 Da
Subunit: Interacts with the second C2 domain of synaptotagmins SYT1 and SYT2. Interacts with EPS15, EPS15R and ITSN1.
Interacts indirectly with the AP-2 adapter complex
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm. Membrane. Note=Some fraction is membrane-associated
Sequence caution: Sequence=AAK57558.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended;
Sequence=AAK57558.1; Type=Miscellaneous discrepancy; Note=Intron retention; Sequence=AAK76362.1; Type=Frameshift;
Positions=122; Sequence=BAD92185.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally shortened;
1 PDB 3D structure from and Proteopedia for STON2:
2JXC (3D)    
Secondary accessions: G3V2T7 Q17R24 Q59H11 Q6NT47 Q96RI7 Q96RU6
Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms:  Q8WXE9-1   Q8WXE9-3   (No experimental confirmation available. Ref.3 (BAD92185) sequence is in conflict in position: 899:V->L)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for STON2: NX_Q8WXE9

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q8WXE9

  • STON2 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    STON2 Protein Expression
    REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_001243359.1  NP_149095.2  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000450857   ENSP00000450577   ENSP00000267540   ENSP00000450990   ENSP00000451383  

    Human Recombinant Protein Products for STON2: 
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    Uscn Proteins for STON2

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005730nucleolus IDA--
    GO:0005737cytoplasm IDA--
    GO:0008021synaptic vesicle ----
    GO:0030131clathrin adaptor complex IEA--
    GO:0030136clathrin-coated vesicle ----

    STON2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    STON2 for domains           About GeneDecksing

    4 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR008968 Clathrin_mu_C
     IPR012320 SHD
     IPR022699 Stonin2_N
     IPR017110 Stonin

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q8WXE9

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q8WXE9

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: STON2_HUMAN, Q8WXE9
    Domain: The Asn-Pro-Phe (NPF) motifs, which are found in proteins involved in the endocytic pathway, mediate the
    interaction with the EH domain of SYT1, SYT2, EPS15, EPS15R and ITSN1
    Similarity: Belongs to the Stoned B family
    Similarity: Contains 1 MHD (mu homology) domain
    Similarity: Contains 1 SHD (stonin homology) domain


    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, inGenious Targeting Laboratory,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, Sirion Biotech, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    Molecular Function:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: STON2_HUMAN, Q8WXE9
    Function: Adapter protein involved in endocytic machinery. May be involved in the vesicle recycling. May facilitate
    clathrin-coated vesicle uncoating

         Gene Ontology (GO): 1 molecular function term (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005515protein binding IPI11454741
         
    STON2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    Phenotypes:
         1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for STON2:
     Increased gamma-H2AX phosphory 

    Animal Models:
       inGenious Targeting Laboratory - Customizable classic, inducible, and humanized mouse model solutions for STON2 

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    In Situ Assay
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    Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for STON2


    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section



    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for STON2

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

    5/55 Interacting proteins for STON2 (Q8WXE91, 2, 3 ENSP000002675404) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 55)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    EPS15P425662, 3, ENSP000003607984MINT-6180038 MINT-6180111 MINT-6180129 MINT-6180018 MINT-6179779 MINT-6179905 MINT-6180093 MINT-6179941 MINT-6180075 MINT-6179996 MINT-6179890 MINT-6179923 MINT-6179875 MINT-6179857 MINT-6179977 MINT-6180056 I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000360798
    EPS15L1Q9UBC22, 3, ENSP000002480704MINT-6180146 I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000248070
    EHD1Q9H4M92, 3, ENSP000003205164MINT-6180161 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000320516
    NEDD8Q158432, 3, ENSP000002504954MINT-8092276 MINT-8092289 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000250495
    SYT1P215792, 3, ENSP000002612054MINT-6179779 I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000261205
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 3 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0006886intracellular protein transport IEA--
    GO:0006897endocytosis IEA--
    GO:0030100regulation of endocytosis ISS14726597

    STON2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    STON2 for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for STON2
    1 Novoseek chemical compound relationship for STON2 gene    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    tyrosine 14.1 2 14726597 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about STON2 

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section

    REFSEQ mRNAs for STON2 gene (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_001256430.1  NM_033104.3  

    Unigene Cluster for STON2:

    Stonin 2
    Hs.14248  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_033104
    8 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000555447(uc001xvk.1) ENST00000553821 ENST00000555284(uc010tvt.2)
    ENST00000267540(uc010tvu.2) ENST00000556280 ENST00000555226(uc010atc.1)
    ENST00000557055 ENST00000554710

    miRNA
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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AB208948.1 AF255309.1 AF380833.1 AF449430.1 AK094799.1 AK309171.1 BC069359.1 BC069389.1 
    BC069502.1 BC069587.1 BC117493.1 BC117495.1 BX648249.1 

    10 DOTS entries:

    DT.100022341  DT.97816547  DT.91677889  DT.95332383  DT.109251  DT.92064265  DT.91668927  DT.404626 
    DT.312335  DT.91640997 

    24/78 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 78):

    BF934438 N76626 AI860620 BX090979 BI018881 BC069389 AF449430 NM_033104 
    BM700378 BU742736 AI991413 AI742489 BC069359 BM728825 AI382941 AI859804 
    BE379991 BG403314 BE242834 CB994412 BC069502 BX501503 AF380833 BG287767 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    3 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for STON2    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5 ^ 6a · 6b · 6c ^ 7a · 7b
    SP1:                    -     -     -                           
    SP2:                                -                           
    SP3:                                                            


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for STON2

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    STON2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: TGCTTTGGAT
    STON2 Expression
    About this image
    See STON2 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for STON2

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.14248

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: STON2_HUMAN, Q8WXE9
    Tissue specificity: Ubiquitous

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    In Situ
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    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section

    This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

    Orthologs for STON2 gene from 6/19 species (see all 19)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification
    Gene Description Human
    Similarity
    Orthology
    Type
    Details
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)
    Mammalia Ston21 , 5 stonin 21, 5 85.86(n)1
    89.31(a)1
      12 (45.02 cM)5
    1088001  NM_175367.61  NP_780576.11 
     916385425 
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)
    Aves STON21 stonin 2 72.32(n)
    73.17(a)
      423390  XM_421302.2  XP_421302.2 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)
    Reptilia STON26
    --
    67(a)
    1 ↔ 1
    1(17815490-17875704)
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)
    Actinopterygii wufc70h072 Transcribed sequence with weak similarity to protein more 75.76(n)    57051796 
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)
    Insecta stnB6
    stoned B
    15(a)
    1 → many
    X(22382558-22406483)
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)
    Secernentea unc-416
    Putative stoned B-like protein
    12(a)
    1 → many
    V(9966380-9976202)


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for STON2 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for STON2 (if available) 

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for STON2 gene
    GTF2A1L2  GTF2A12  STON12  STON1-GTF2A1L2  
    2 SIMAP similar genes for STON2 using alignment to 7 protein entries:     STON2_HUMAN (see all proteins):
    STON1    STON1-GTF2A1L

    STON2 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/2911 NCBI SNPs in STON2 are shown (see all 2911    About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance
    Chr 14 posSequence#AA
    Chg
    TypeMore#Allele
    freq
    PopTotal
    sample
    More
    ----------
    rs128805511,2
    C,F,H--81726571(+) CACAGG/ATACGC 2 -- int116Minor allele frequency- A:0.10NS EA NA WA 1964
    rs1145512881,2
    F--81726574(+) AGGTAC/TGCTGT 2 -- int11Minor allele frequency- T:0.03WA 118
    rs1447263781,2
    --81726742(+) ATCTCG/TATCTC 2 -- int10--------
    rs758036471,2
    C--81726828(+) CTATCC/TTGAAT 2 -- int10--------
    rs1488932471,2
    --81726962(+) CTTCAC/TATGTC 2 -- int10--------
    rs1151210531,2
    F--81727014(+) TTTTTT/CATTAA 2 -- ut311Minor allele frequency- C:0.05WA 118
    rs1904940041,2
    --81727257(+) CACTGG/TATCTT 2 -- ut310--------
    rs1434560371,2
    --81727368(+) TTTGAC/TTAATC 2 -- ut310--------
    rs796938201,2
    C--81727383(+) GAATAC/TGGTAG 2 -- ut310--------
    rs1479885781,2
    --81727467(+) TCCTTC/GTCTTC 2 -- ut310--------

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for STON2 (81727000 - 81902809 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 1 variation for STON2
         1 CNV: 23489
    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): STON2

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
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    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for STON2

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    STON2 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 608467    OMIM disorders: --

    1 disease for STON2:    About MalaCards
    neuronitis


    Export disorders for STON2 gene to outside databases

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for STON2 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 23):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with STON2)
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    1. Stonin 2: an adaptor-like protein that interacts with components of the endocytic machinery. (PubMed id 11381094)1, 2, 3, 9 Martina J.A.... Bonifacino J.S. (2001)
    2. Human stoned B interacts with AP-2 and synaptotagmin and facilitates clathrin-coated vesicle uncoating. (PubMed id 11454741)1, 2, 3 Walther K....Haucke V. (2001)
    3. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    4. The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14. (PubMed id 12508121)1, 2 Heilig R.... Weissenbach J. (2003)
    5. Functional dissection of the interactions of stonin 2 with the adaptor complex AP-2 and synaptotagmin. (PubMed id 14726597)1, 9 Walther K....Haucke V. (2004)
    6. Stonin 2 is an AP-2-dependent endocytic sorting adaptor for synaptotagmin internalization and recycling. (PubMed id 16459302)1, 9 Diril M.K....Haucke V. (2006)
    7. Stonins--specialized adaptors for synaptic vesicle re cycling and beyond? (PubMed id 19732400)1, 9 Maritzen T....Haucke V. (2010)
    8. Positive association of the human STON2 gene with schi zophrenia. (PubMed id 21407139)1 Luan Z....Zhang D. (2011)
    9. Initial characterization of the human central proteome. (PubMed id 21269460)2 Burkard T.R.... Colinge J. (2011)
    10. CSN complex controls the stability of selected synapt ic proteins via a torsinA-dependent process. (PubMed id 21102408)1 Granata A....Warner T.T. (2011)

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 85439 HGNC: 30652 AceView: STN2 Ensembl:ENSG00000140022 euGenes: HUgn85439
    ECgene: STON2 H-InvDB: STON2

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
      --

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for STON2 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
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    Patent Information for STON2 gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving STON2

    GeneCards and IP:
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