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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

SPHK1 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 66
GCID: GC17P074380

sphingosine kinase 1

Explore 50 diseases affiliated with
SPHK1 via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Sphingosine Kinase 1¹ ²
SPHK¹ ² ³
SK 1² ³
SPK 1² ³
EC 2.7.1.91³
SPK³

External Ids:	HGNC: 11240¹	Entrez Gene: 8877²	Ensembl: ENSG00000176170⁷	OMIM: 603730⁵	UniProtKB: Q9NYA1³

Export aliases for SPHK1 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC17U990140 GC17P077371 GC17P074843 GC17P074977 GC17P071890 GC17P069809

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for SPHK1:

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine to form sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a

lipid mediator with both intra- and extracellular functions. Intracellularly, S1P regulates proliferation and

survival, and extracellularly, it is a ligand for cell surface G protein-coupled receptors. This protein, and its

product S1P, play a key role in TNF-alpha signaling and the NF-kappa-B activation pathway important in inflammatory,

antiapoptotic, and immune processes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been

found for this gene. (provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SPHK1_HUMAN, Q9NYA1

Function: Catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine to form sphingosine 1-phosphate (SPP), a lipid mediator with

both intra- and extracellular functions. Also acts on D-erythro-sphingosine and to a lesser extent sphinganine, but

not other lipids, such as D,L-threo-dihydrosphingosine, N,N-dimethylsphingosine, diacylglycerol, ceramide, or

phosphatidylinositol

summary for SPHK1:

Sphingosine kinase (SphK) mediates the conversion of sphingosine to sphingosine-1-phosphate, a key

sphingolipid signaling molecule involved in cell growth, survival, differentiation and motility. SphK

constitutes an important checkpoint in the regulation of circulating levels of ceramide, sphingosine and

sphingosine-1-phosphate. Two mammalian isoforms have been cloned - SPHK1 and SPHK2. Sphingosine kinase is

activated in response to pro-growth signals via GPCRs (e.g. acetylcholine muscarinic receptors), small

GTPases and tyrosine kinase receptors (e.g. VEGFR and PDGFR). Once activated, sphingosine kinase

translocates to the plasma membrane, a process aided by TNF? and PMA.

Gene Wiki entry for SPHK1 (Sphingosine kinase 1)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000017.10 NC_018928.1 NT_010783.15

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the SPHK1 gene promoter:
AP-2alpha isoform 3 AP-2alpha isoform 2 AP-2alpha AP-2alphaA
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 5): SPHK1 promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for SPHK1

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat SPHK1

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 17q25.2 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 17q25.1 HGNC cytogenetic band: 17q25.2

SPHK1 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
SPHK1 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 17 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC17P074380: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	74,372,665 bp from pter	End:	74,383,941 bp from pter
Size:	11,277 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SPHK1_HUMAN, Q9NYA1 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Sphingosine kinase 1

Size: 384 amino acids; 42518 Da

Cofactor: Magnesium

Subunit: Interacts with ACY1 (By similarity). Binds to calmodulin. Interacts with SPHKAP

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm. Nucleus

Miscellaneous: Sphingosine 1-phosphate stimulates TRAF2 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, and promotes activation of

NF-kappa-B in response to TNF signaling

Secondary accessions: Q8N632 Q9HD92 Q9NY70 Q9NYL3

Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms: Q9NYA1-1 Q9NYA1-2 (Variant in position: 34:A->T (in dbSNP:rs346803))

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for SPHK1: NX_Q9NYA1

Post-translational modifications:

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q9NYA1

SPHK1 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins (4 alternative transcripts):

NP_001136073.1 NP_001136074.1 NP_068807.2 NP_892010.2

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000468474 ENSP00000440970 ENSP00000466422 ENSP00000465002 ENSP00000465726

ENSP00000468547 ENSP00000313681 ENSP00000376285

Reactome Protein details: Q9NYA1
Human Recombinant Protein Products for SPHK1:

	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
	R&D Systems Recombinant & Natural Proteins for SPHK1 (Sphingosine Kinase 1/SPHK1)
	Enzo Life Sciences proteins for SPHK1
	OriGene Purified Protein: SPHK1 OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate (see all 2): SPHK1 OriGene Custom Protein Services for SPHK1
	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for SPHK1
	Novus Biologicals SPHK1 Proteins Novus Biologicals SPHK1 Lysates
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
	Uscn Proteins for SPHK1

Gene Ontology (GO): 4 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005634	nucleus	IEA	--
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	IDA	--
GO:0005829	cytosol	TAS	--
GO:0005886	plasma membrane	IDA	--

SPHK1 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

SPHK1 Antibody Products:

	Browse EMD Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
	R&D Systems Antibodies for SPHK1 (Sphingosine Kinase 1/SPHK1)
	Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for SPHK1
	OriGene Antibodies (see all 3): SPHK1 OriGene Custom Antibody Services for SPHK1
	GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for SPHK1
	Novus Biologicals SPHK1 Antibodies
	Abcam antibodies for SPHK1
	Uscn Antibodies for SPHK1
	ThermoFisher Antibody for SPHK1

Assay Products for SPHK1:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for SPHK1
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for SPHK1

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

SPHK1 for domains About GeneDecksing

1 InterPro domain/family:

IPR001206 Diacylglycerol_kinase_cat_dom

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q9NYA1

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q9NYA1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SPHK1_HUMAN, Q9NYA1

Similarity: Contains 1 DAGKc domain

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, inGenious Targeting Laboratory,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, Sirion Biotech, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Molecular Function:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: SPHK1_HUMAN, Q9NYA1

Function: Catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine to form sphingosine 1-phosphate (SPP), a lipid mediator with

both intra- and extracellular functions. Also acts on D-erythro-sphingosine and to a lesser extent sphinganine, but

not other lipids, such as D,L-threo-dihydrosphingosine, N,N-dimethylsphingosine, diacylglycerol, ceramide, or

phosphatidylinositol

Catalytic activity: ATP + sphinganine = ADP + sphinganine 1-phosphate

Catalytic activity: ATP + sphingosine = ADP + sphingosine 1-phosphate

Biophysicochemical properties: Kinetic parameters: KM=14 uM for sphingosine; KM=20 uM for dihydrosphingosine; KM=77 uM

for ATP; pH dependence: Optimum pH is 7.4;

Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 2.7.1.91¹

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/9 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 9): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000287	magnesium ion binding	ISS	--
GO:0003677	DNA binding	IDA	12393916
GO:0004143	diacylglycerol kinase activity	IEA	--
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	--
GO:0005516	calmodulin binding	IDA	12393916

SPHK1 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

Phenotypes:
5 GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for SPHK1:

Decreased CYP1A1 activity afte	Decreased number of cells in m	Increased HPV18 LCR reporter a	Increased apoptosis
Synthetic lethal with Ras

10 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 4 alleles) (MGI details for Sphk1):

cardiovascular system	cellular	embryogenesis	hematopoietic system	homeostasis/metabolism
immune system	mortality/aging	muscle	nervous system	normal

SPHK1 for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

Animal Models:
Mouse knock-outs for SPHK1: Sphk1^tm1Rlp Sphk1^tm1Npa Sphk1^tm1.1Cgh

inGenious Targeting Laboratory - Customizable classic, inducible, and humanized mouse model solutions for SPHK1

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 4): SPHK1 Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat SPHK1
		4 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate SPHK1:
		hsa-miR-124 hsa-miR-3176 hsa-miR-506 hsa-miR-3922-3p
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: SPHK1 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for SPHK1 (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: SPHK1 OriGene siRNA: SPHK1
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat SPHK1
		Sirion Biotech Custom design and validation of potent shRNA sequences against SPHK1

Gene Editing Products:			DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for SPHK1
			Sirion Biotech Customized adenovirus for overexpression of SPHK1 Sirion Biotech Customized adenovirus for potent knockdown of SPHK1

Clone Products:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for SPHK1 (see all 10) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for SPHK1 (see all 5) OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 4): SPHK1 (NM_182965)
		Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for SPHK1
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat SPHK1

Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for SPHK1
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for SPHK1
		Sirion Biotech Customized stable knockdown cell line services for SPHK1 Sirion Biotech Customized inducible knockdown cell line services for SPHK1 Sirion Biotech Customized stable overexpressing cell line services for SPHK1 Sirion Biotech Customized inducible overexpressing cell line services for SPHK1

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for SPHK1

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/19 super-pathways (see all 19) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Development VEGF signaling via VEGFR2 - generic cascades

	Development VEGF signaling via VEGFR2 - generic cascades	1.00			Development_VEGF signaling and activation	0.75
	Development VEGF signaling and activation	0.75			Development_VEGF signaling via VEGFR2 - generic cascades	0.51

Sphingolipid metabolism

	Sphingolipid metabolism	1.00			Sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis	0.46
	Sphingolipid metabolism	0.54

Chaperonin-mediated protein folding

	Chaperonin-mediated protein folding	1.00			Association of TriC/CCT with target proteins during biosynthesis	0.60
	Protein folding	0.91

Metabolism

	Metabolism	1.00			Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins	0.34
	Metabolic pathways	0.38

TNF-Induced Apoptosis Implicating Sphingolipids

TNF-Induced Apoptosis Implicating Sphingolipids

1.00

Ceramide Pathway

0.32

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

2 EMD Millipore Pathways for SPHK1

	Development VEGF signaling and activation
	Development VEGF signaling via VEGFR2 - generic cascades

5 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for SPHK1

	Ceramide Pathway
	S-1P Stimulated Signaling
	TNF-Induced Apoptosis Implicating Sphingolipids
	Human Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency
	VEGF and S-1P Signaling

1 Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathway for SPHK1

Ca, cAMP and Lipid Signaling

2 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for SPHK1

	Development VEGF signaling via VEGFR2 - generic cascades
	Development VEGF signaling and activation

5/6 BioSystems Pathways for SPHK1 (see all 6)

	Signal Transduction of S1P Receptor
	sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism
	S1P1 pathway
	Fc-epsilon receptor I signaling in mast cells
	Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) pathway

5/8 Reactome Pathways for SPHK1 (see all 8)

	Association of TriC/CCT with target proteins during biosynthesis
	Chaperonin-mediated protein folding
	Sphingolipid metabolism
	Metabolism
	Protein folding

5/6 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for SPHK1) (see all 6):

	Sphingolipid metabolism
	Metabolic pathways
	Calcium signaling pathway
	VEGF signaling pathway
	Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis

SPHK1 for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for SPHK1

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

5/51 Interacting proteins for SPHK1 (Q9NYA1^{1, 2, 3} ENSP00000313681⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 51)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
CTSB	P07858²^,³, ENSP00000342070⁴	MINT-3974266 MINT-3974278 MINT-3974294 MINT-3974318 I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000342070
TRAF6	Q9Y4K3²^,³	MINT-4050292 MINT-4050310 I2D: score=2
EEF1A1	P68104¹^,³, ENSP00000330054⁴	EBI-985303,EBI-2834776 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000330054
FHL2	Q14192¹^,³, ENSP00000322909⁴	EBI-985303,EBI-701903 I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000322909
SPHKAP	Q2M3C7¹^,³, ENSP00000375909⁴	EBI-985303,EBI-1803914 I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000375909

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/29 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 29): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0001568	blood vessel development	IEA	--
GO:0006457	protein folding	TAS	--
GO:0006644	phospholipid metabolic process	TAS	--
GO:0006665	sphingolipid metabolic process	TAS	--
GO:0006670	sphingosine metabolic process	IDA	--

SPHK1 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

SPHK1 for compounds About GeneDecksing

EMD Millipore small molecules for SPHK1:
Small Molecule - inhibitor

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Compounds for SPHK1 available from Tocris Bioscience About this table

Compound	Action	CAS #
SKI II	Selective non-lipid inhibitor of sphingosine kinase; antitumor	[312636-16-1]
SK1-I	Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) inhibitor; antiproliferative	[1072443-89-0]

10/42 HMDB Compounds for SPHK1 (see all 42) About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
ADP	adenosindiphosphorsaeure (see all 8)	58-64-0	--
Adenosine triphosphate	5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) Adenosine (see all 24)	56-65-5	--
Cer(d18:0/12:0)		--	--
Cer(d18:0/14:0)		--	--
Cer(d18:0/16:0)		--	--
Cer(d18:0/18:0)		--	--
Cer(d18:0/18:1(11Z))		--	--
Cer(d18:0/18:1(9Z))		--	--
Cer(d18:0/20:0)		--	--
Cer(d18:0/22:0)		--	--

10/25 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for SPHK1 gene (see all 25) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
sphingosine	97.7	499	16281067 (6), 18620522 (6), 17643421 (6), 14532121 (4) (see all 99)
n,n-dimethylsphingosine	93.7	32	15302883 (2), 11418646 (2), 15848761 (1), 15265705 (1) (see all 14)
ceramide	83.9	68	16357178 (5), 16281067 (4), 19240026 (4), 19765607 (3) (see all 22)
sphinganine 1-phosphate	80.4	5	18644793 (1), 16278291 (1), 16529909 (1)
ceramides	55.1	1	18283525 (1)
lipid	50.8	35	19782042 (2), 18638570 (1), 12954646 (1), 15265705 (1) (see all 20)
phosphatidylserine	35.9	4	10751414 (1), 19782042 (1)
camptothecin	32.8	7	16357178 (3), 16516161 (3)
phosphatidylinositol	31.4	2	19325137 (1), 11418646 (1)
phorbol	28.5	1	20236935 (1)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about SPHK1

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for SPHK1 gene (4 alternative transcripts):

NM_001142601.1 NM_001142602.1 NM_021972.3 NM_182965.2

Unigene Cluster for SPHK1:

Sphingosine kinase 1

Hs.68061 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: AK095578

10 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000591651 ENST00000545180(uc002jrf.1) ENST00000588682 ENST00000591762

ENST00000590379 ENST00000592299 ENST00000590959 ENST00000323374(uc002jrh.2 uc002jrj.2 uc002jri.2)

ENST00000392496(uc002jrg.1 uc002jrk.3) ENST00000587167

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 4): SPHK1 Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat SPHK1
		4 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate SPHK1:
		hsa-miR-124 hsa-miR-3176 hsa-miR-506 hsa-miR-3922-3p
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: SPHK1 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for SPHK1 (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: SPHK1 OriGene siRNA: SPHK1
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat SPHK1
		Sirion Biotech Custom design and validation of potent shRNA sequences against SPHK1

Clone Products:		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for SPHK1 (see all 10) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for SPHK1 (see all 5) OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 4): SPHK1 (NM_182965)
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for SPHK1
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat SPHK1

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for SPHK1 Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
		SABiosciences RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat SPHK1
		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat SPHK1
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat SPHK1

Additional cDNA sequence:

AF200328.1 AF238083.1 AF266756.1 AJ245504.1 AK022402.1 AK023393.1 AK095578.1 AK122781.1

AK225250.1 AK225258.1 AK292294.1 AK292614.1 BC004112.2 BC008040.2 BC009419.1 BC014439.1

BC030553.1

12 DOTS entries:

DT.97787241 DT.121009204 DT.100818135 DT.100818143 DT.100036081 DT.100818141 DT.121009321 DT.95274954

DT.100722931 DT.100818142 DT.100698066 DT.91708490

24/113 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 113):

BX106465 BM709951 BM916526 BC004112 NM_182965 AA026251 BU626812 BU630558

BQ027486 AI042283 AI074186 CD366097 BC030553 BU728196 BM471470 CA307119

CD369198 BM810136 AK022402 BE904632 BI860351 BM808666 AK095578 BG026631

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/11 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for SPHK1 (see all 11) About this scheme

ExUns:	1	^	2	^	3a	·	3b	^	4	^	5a	·	5b	·	5c	·	5d	^	6a	·	6b	·	6c	^	7a	·	7b	·	7c	·	7d	^	8	^	9a	·	9b	·	9c	·	9d	^	10a	·	10b
SP1:			-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-				-		-																-
SP2:																	-		-				-		-																-
SP3:																	-		-				-																		-
SP4:																			-				-		-																-
SP5:					-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-				-		-

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for SPHK1

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

SPHK1 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: GAGAAGGGCA

About this image

SPHK1 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

3 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells

Tissue

Anatomical Compartment

Cell

Category (developmental path)

Extraembryonic Mesoderm

Extraembryonic Mural Cells

Extraembryonic Tissues

Lateral Plate Mesoderm

Splanchnic Mesoderm

Mural Cells

Pericytes, Smooth Muscle

Adipose

Visceral White Adipose

Adipose

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

Stem Cell Differentiation: 5 LifeMap Cells

Name

Category

PureStem™ mesenchymal progenitor 4D20.8 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

Lateral Plate Mesoderm, Neural Crest

PureStem™ mesenchymal progenitor E15 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

Adipose, Bone, Cartilage

PureStem™ progenitor E44 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

PureStem™ progenitor F15 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

Pancreatic endoderm/endocrine precursor-like cells (A scalable, suspensi...)

See SPHK1 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for SPHK1

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.68061

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SPHK1_HUMAN, Q9NYA1

Tissue specificity: Widely expressed with highest levels in adult liver, kidney, heart and skeletal muscle

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including SPHK1:

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VEGF Signaling in human mouse rat

Apoptosis 384HT in human mouse rat

Angiogenesis in human mouse rat

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In Situ
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(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

Orthologs for SPHK1 gene from 8/24 species (see all 24) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	SPHK1¹	sphingosine kinase 1	65.53(n) 59.09(a)		427803 XM_425374.3 XP_425374.3
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	SPHK1⁶	--	55(a)	1 ↔ 1	2(112293474-112301765)
tropical clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis)	Amphibia	BX706001.1²	--	74.9(n)		BX706001.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	LOC100331840¹	sphingosine kinase 1-like	61.38(n) 55.39(a)		100331840 XM_002667539.2 XP_002667585.2
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	Sk1³	phosphorylation diacylglycerol kinase	42(a)		10B13 --
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)	Secernentea	C34C6.5³	Diacylglycerol kinase catalytic domain (presumed)	28(a)		II(8699253-8701591) --
thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)	eudicotyledons	SPHK1¹	sphingosine kinase 1	45.78(n) 39.24(a)		828239 NM_118274.7 NP_193885.6
rice (Oryza sativa)	Liliopsida	Os01g0782200¹	hypothetical protein	45.42(n) 35.05(a)		4327845 NM_001050981.1 NP_001044446.1

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for SPHK1 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for SPHK1 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for SPHK1 gene

CERKL² CERK² SPHK2² AGK²

SPHK1 for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 17 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs147909505^1,2		--	74378771(+)	`CAGTGC/TTTCCC`	3	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs346797^1,2	C,F,A,H	--	74378901(+)	`CCAGTC/ACCCTC`	3	--	us2k¹		26		NA NS EA WA CSA	3628
rs148359246^1,2		--	74379060(+)	`CCCAC-/AGCCGCC`	3	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs141675966^1,2		--	74379746(+)	`CCGCCA/GTAACC`	4	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs143647523^1,2		--	74379899(+)	`CACGCC/TGAGCC`	4	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs188485407^1,2		--	74379961(+)	`GGCCCC/GCAGGC`	4	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs193132702^1,2		--	74380301(+)	`TCCCCC/GGGGAG`	4	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs908721^1,2	C,A	--	74380786(-)	`GACTGG/AAGCGC`	4	--	ut5¹ us2k¹		8		MN EA NA CSA WA	1680
rs185714589^1,2		--	74380842(+)	`GCCACC/TGTAGG`	4	--	ut5¹ us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs138280986^1,2		--	74380852(+)	`ACGGC-/GGGGGTGG`	4	--	ut5¹ us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for SPHK1 (74372665 - 74383941 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 2 variations for SPHK1
2 CNVs: 73036 5032

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(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

SPHK1 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 603730    OMIM disorders: --

20/50 diseases for SPHK1 (see all 50):    About MalaCards

hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy large granular lymphocyte leukemia oral squamous cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma

myeloid leukemia rheumatoid arthritis chronic myeloid leukemia acute myeloid leukemia

lymphocytic leukemia retinal degeneration multiple myeloma leukemia

colon cancer glioblastoma keloids esophagitis

hepatitis b arthritis prostate cancer breast cancer

1 disease from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for SPHK1:

Cancer

10/17 Novoseek disease relationships for SPHK1 gene (see all 17) About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
glioblastoma	44.4	15	19074142 (5), 16106218 (3), 19723667 (2), 17855624 (1) (see all 5)
glioblastoma multiforme	35.6	4	16106218 (2), 19074142 (1), 19723667 (1)
renal fibrosis	27	2	19789541 (1), 19657322 (1)
cancer	25.9	40	18691013 (4), 18638570 (3), 18701480 (3), 18620522 (3) (see all 14)
tumors	22.4	32	18058224 (5), 20508814 (2), 17699730 (1), 18638570 (1) (see all 11)
inflammation	18.8	6	17913601 (1), 15191888 (1), 15743396 (1), 19665772 (1) (see all 5)
necrosis	17.8	6	17699730 (1), 15710602 (1), 20053797 (1), 16269668 (1) (see all 5)
breast cancer	17.6	15	16194537 (4), 12881510 (2), 18701480 (1), 20110355 (1) (see all 9)
glioma	9.67	9	19147534 (2), 18055454 (2), 17855624 (2), 17376432 (1)
colon cancer	8.18	14	18824518 (3), 19240026 (3), 18701480 (1)

Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: SPHK1 (1 document)

Export disorders for SPHK1 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for SPHK1 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 272):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with SPHK1)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Identification of functional nuclear export sequences in human sphingosine kinase 1. (PubMed id 14575709)^{1, 2, 9} Inagaki Y....Igarashi Y. (2003)
Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)^{1, 2} Ota T.... Sugano S. (2004)
Cloning and characterization of a protein kinase A anchoring protein (AKAP)-related protein that interacts with and regulates sphingosine kinase 1 activity. (PubMed id 12080051)^{1, 2} Lacana E.... Spiegel S. (2002)
Functional characterization of human sphingosine kinase-1. (PubMed id 10802064)^{1, 2} Nava V.E.... Spiegel S. (2000)
Human sphingosine kinase: purification, molecular cloning and characterization of the native and recombinant enzymes. (PubMed id 10947957)^{1, 2} Pitson S.M.... Wattenberg B.W. (2000)
Human sphingosine kinase: molecular cloning, functional characterization and tissue distribution. (PubMed id 10863092)^{1, 2} Melendez A.J.... Takacs L. (2000)
Molecular cloning and functional characterization of murine sphingosine kinase. (PubMed id 9726979)^{1, 3} Kohama T....Spiegel S. (1998)
Clinical significance of sphingosine kinase-1 expression in human astrocytomas progression and overall patient survival. (PubMed id 18980995)^{1, 9} Li J....Li M. (2008)
Sphingosine kinase 1 expression is regulated by signaling through PI3K, AKT2, and mTOR in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. (PubMed id 17482291)^{1, 9} Francy J.M....Yun J.K. (2007)
Sphingosine kinase 1 localized to the plasma membrane lipid raft microdomain overcomes serum deprivation induced growth inhibition. (PubMed id 19782042)^{1, 9} Hengst J.A....Yun J.K. (2009)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 8877	HGNC: 11240	AceView: SPHK1	Ensembl:ENSG00000176170	euGenes: HUgn8877
ECgene: SPHK1	Kegg: 8877	H-InvDB: SPHK1

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for SPHK1	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

Intellectual Property for SPHK1 gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for SPHK1 gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving SPHK1

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0 and Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, and Sirion Biotech, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, In Situ Hybridization Assays from
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sphingosine kinase 1

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sphingosine kinase 1

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